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丹參種植如何進行田間管理?

藥(yao)哥明白 2023-12-16 04:01:31

①中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao):一(yi)般中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)三(san)次(ci)(ci),4月苗(miao)高10厘(li)米左(zuo)右時(shi)(shi)進行一(yi)次(ci)(ci);6月上旬(xun)(xun)開花(hua)前后進行一(yi)次(ci)(ci),8月下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)進行一(yi)次(ci)(ci),平時(shi)(shi)做到有(you)(you)(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)即除(chu)(chu)(chu)。②追肥:在生長期需追肥三(san)次(ci)(ci),可結合中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)灌(guan)溉進行,第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)在丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)返青(qing)時(shi)(shi),每(mei)667米溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)尿素5千(qian)克;第二次(ci)(ci)在剪過第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)花(hua)序后,每(mei)667米施(shi)氮、磷、鉀肥50千(qian)克;第三(san)次(ci)(ci)在8~9月,葉(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)錳、硼、鋅(xin)、鐵(tie)等微肥0.65千(qian)克。③灌(guan)溉、排水(shui):5~7月是(shi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)生長的茂盛期,需水(shui)量較大,如遇干旱,應及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)由畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)放水(shui)滲(shen)灌(guan)或噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan),禁用(yong)漫灌(guan);遇連陰雨天(tian)氣,土壤出(chu)現積水(shui)時(shi)(shi),應及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)排水(shui)。④摘蕾(lei)控苗(miao):當(dang)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)主軸和(he)側枝上有(you)(you)(you)蕾(lei)芽出(chu)現時(shi)(shi)要及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)剪掉蕾(lei)芽,以促進根(gen)(gen)的發(fa)育(yu)。⑤病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治:丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)的主要病(bing)(bing)害有(you)(you)(you)根(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)、根(gen)(gen)結線蟲(chong)(chong)病(bing)(bing)等。為防(fang)治丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)病(bing)(bing)害應實行輪作(zuo),同(tong)一(yi)地塊種(zhong)植丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)不能超過2個(ge)周期,最好(hao)與禾本(ben)科作(zuo)物輪作(zuo)。根(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)和(he)葉(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)在發(fa)病(bing)(bing)期用(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈800倍(bei)液(ye)或70%甲基(ji)硫菌(jun)靈1000倍(bei)液(ye)灌(guan)根(gen)(gen),每(mei)株250毫(hao)升(sheng),7~10天(tian)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci),連續2~3次(ci)(ci);也可用(yong)70%甲基(ji)硫菌(jun)靈500倍(bei)液(ye)或75%百菌(jun)靈600倍(bei)液(ye)每(mei)10天(tian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci),連續2~3次(ci)(ci),注意噴(pen)(pen)射莖基(ji)部(bu)。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)(can)的主要蟲(chong)(chong)害有(you)(you)(you)蠐(qi)螬和(he)金針蟲(chong)(chong),大量發(fa)生時(shi)(shi)用(yong)50%辛硫磷乳劑1000~1500倍(bei)液(ye)或90%敵百蟲(chong)(chong)1000倍(bei)液(ye)澆根(gen)(gen),每(mei)株50~100毫(hao)升(sheng)。

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