氣(qi)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)法種類(lei)繁多(duo)。但在(zai)鍛煉時(shi)不管哪(na)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種功(gong)法，都有(you)(you)共同(tong)遵循(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，即(ji)稱(cheng)為練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領。掌握了練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領，才能提高練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)質量，少(shao)走彎(wan)路，減少(shao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不良反應，使(shi)練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)能沿(yan)著正確軌道順利前進(jin)，以取得良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)。練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)以下(xia)(xia)幾項： 1、松(song)(song)(song)(song)靜(jing)(jing)自然 松(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)是(shi)在(zai)練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)始(shi)終(zhong)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)貫徹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，也是(shi)練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)入門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。 所謂松(song)(song)(song)(song)，是(shi)指(zhi)形(xing)與(yu)(yu)神、身與(yu)(yu)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)。在(zai)練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿(zi)勢中(zhong)，不論靜(jing)(jing)功(gong)和動(dong)功(gong)，都須有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌肉(rou)(rou)群處(chu)于緊(jin)張(zhang)支持狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，以維持固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿(zi)勢，在(zai)保持姿(zi)勢要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)(xia)，全身各部(bu)肌肉(rou)(rou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)達到(dao)最大限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)。因此在(zai)姿(zi)勢上要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)兩(liang)眉舒展(zhan)、含胸(xiong)拔背(bei)、沉肩(jian)垂肘、松(song)(song)(song)(song)腰(yao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)胯等，都是(shi)為了使(shi)全身肌肉(rou)(rou)達到(dao)最大限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)而設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)姿(zi)勢放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)精(jing)神意念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，即(ji)在(zai)練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)解除(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切思想緊(jin)張(zhang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，消除(chu)顧慮，使(shi)自己有(you)(you)意識地處(chu)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種非常輕松(song)(song)(song)(song)舒適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。另外，在(zai)練(lian)(lian)(lian)功(gong)中(zhong)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)。呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)達到(dao)深(shen)(shen)、長(chang)、細、勻，氣(qi)沉丹田。這(zhe)種呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，是(shi)在(zai)意念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支配下(xia)(xia)，使(shi)肋間(jian)肌、膈肌、腹肌放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)，逐漸訓練(lian)(lian)(lian)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果(guo)憋氣(qi)使(shi)勁、鼓腹挺腰(yao)等用力強練(lian)(lian)(lian)，就(jiu)會出現胸(xiong)脅(xie)脹滿，腹部(bu)脹痛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)張(zhang)癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，反而達不到(dao)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸深(shen)(shen)長(chang)細勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。這(zhe)都是(shi)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸未能放(fang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
所(suo)謂(wei)靜(jing)(jing)，是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)練功(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，保(bao)持情(qing)緒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安寧。靜(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)絕(jue)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)相對(dui)動(dong)而說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。人在(zai)(zai)(zai)清醒狀態下(xia)，大(da)(da)腦(nao)(nao)時(shi)時(shi)刻(ke)刻(ke)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊張(zhang)地工作著，它需要在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間內安靜(jing)(jing)休息(xi)，以(yi)消除疲勞，恢復(fu)機(ji)(ji)能(neng)。氣(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入(ru)(ru)靜(jing)(jing)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)使大(da)(da)腦(nao)(nao)達到休息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)恢復(fu)大(da)(da)腦(nao)(nao)機(ji)(ji)能(neng)。氣(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入(ru)(ru)靜(jing)(jing)休息(xi)與自(zi)然睡眠和普通(tong)休息(xi)又(you)(you)有所(suo)不(bu)(bu)同，它是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)狀態，又(you)(you)稱(cheng)為氣(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)態，是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)靜(jing)(jing)中有動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)達到大(da)(da)腦(nao)(nao)休息(xi)，增強腦(nao)(nao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種特殊(shu)方(fang)(fang)法。靜(jing)(jing)除了內在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)緒安寧之外，還包括外部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境安靜(jing)(jing)。如果能(neng)做到眼(yan)、耳、鼻(bi)、舌、身、意(yi)六(liu)根清靜(jing)(jing)，視(shi)而不(bu)(bu)見，聽(ting)(ting)而不(bu)(bu)聞，就(jiu)可以(yi)避免外在(zai)(zai)(zai)環境因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)，以(yi)保(bao)證入(ru)(ru)靜(jing)(jing)。 松(song)與靜(jing)(jing)兩者又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)互相促(cu)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，放(fang)松(song)可以(yi)幫助(zhu)入(ru)(ru)靜(jing)(jing)，入(ru)(ru)靜(jing)(jing)又(you)(you)可進一(yi)步促(cu)進放(fang)松(song)。故(gu)松(song)與靜(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可分割的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 所(suo)謂(wei)自(zi)然是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)練功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿勢、意(yi)念和呼吸等各方(fang)(fang)面，要順乎自(zi)然而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)勉(mian)強硬練，過(guo)度追求(qiu)。但順乎自(zi)然又(you)(you)非聽(ting)(ting)其自(zi)然、放(fang)任自(zi)流(liu)，而是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)意(yi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引導下(xia)，根據松(song)靜(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)進行鍛(duan)煉。這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)松(song)靜(jing)(jing)自(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體原則(ze)。
2、動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結合(he) 是動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)配(pei)合(he)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)兩種(zhong)含義。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式上(shang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)配(pei)合(he)。因(yin)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)則(ze)生陽(yang)，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)則(ze)生陰，各有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)偏，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)專練(lian)(lian)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)或動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)會有(you)(you)(you)陰陽(yang)失調之虞。如(ru)(ru)能(neng)(neng)二者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)配(pei)合(he)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)兼修，內外并練(lian)(lian)，自當更(geng)(geng)有(you)(you)(you)裨益。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)掌(zhang)握動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)外形動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，思想安靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，注意(yi)力(li)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)上(shang)及呼吸運(yun)氣上(shang)，即(ji)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)馭動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。練(lian)(lian)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)思想安靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、意(yi)念(nian)集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，可(ke)(ke)促(cu)(cu)使內氣產生，使氣血運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺更(geng)(geng)為(wei)明(ming)顯，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)內動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)現(xian)象又更(geng)(geng)能(neng)(neng)促(cu)(cu)使思想的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)，即(ji)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。故動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)、互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)依(yi)存的(de)(de)(de)。 應如(ru)(ru)何掌(zhang)握動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)鍛煉，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)要(yao)(yao)根據練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)情(qing)況而定，年齡、性別、體(ti)質(zhi)、病情(qing)、練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)等都(dou)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮在(zai)(zai)(zai)內。如(ru)(ru)年齡較大的(de)(de)(de)，體(ti)質(zhi)較差的(de)(de)(de)，病情(qing)較重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)練(lian)(lian)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)，待體(ti)力(li)恢(hui)復(fu)、病情(qing)好轉時(shi)(shi)再加練(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。如(ru)(ru)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保健養生為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)兼練(lian)(lian)。體(ti)力(li)好的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)練(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)主，體(ti)力(li)差的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)練(lian)(lian)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)主。在(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)時(shi)(shi)間次(ci)數上(shang)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根據不同情(qing)況而適當掌(zhang)握。一(yi)般早晨(chen)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)于(yu)白天(tian)投入(ru)工作(zuo)；晚上(shang)可(ke)(ke)先(xian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)安眠入(ru)睡(shui)。如(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)療養院(yuan)或已休息(xi)者(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)下午可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)加練(lian)(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)1次(ci)。一(yi)切根據具體(ti)情(qing)況，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)醫陰陽(yang)辨證為(wei)指(zhi)導，靈活(huo)掌(zhang)握運(yun)用。把動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結合(he)起來，更(geng)(geng)能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)強(qiang)效果。
3、意(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)相依(yi) 意(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用。氣(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)呼(hu)吸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用和內氣(qi)(qi)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)。意(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)兩者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相互(hu)依(yi)存、相互(hu)影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。故(gu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)鍛煉時，一是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)片(pian)(pian)面(mian)(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)以(yi)意(yi)(yi)(yi)領氣(qi)(qi)，專門在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)呼(hu)吸動作上下功(gong)(gong)夫，如(ru)(ru)故(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)延長呼(hu)吸和故(gu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)停閉呼(hu)吸等，這(zhe)些都是(shi)(shi)(shi)主觀意(yi)(yi)(yi)識上強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)以(yi)意(yi)(yi)(yi)領氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。呼(hu)吸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深長細勻(yun)，應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)情緒安(an)寧、意(yi)(yi)(yi)念集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，自(zi)(zi)然出(chu)現(xian)。清代薛陽桂在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《梅華問答編》中(zhong)(zhong)說：心(xin)靜(jing)自(zi)(zi)然息(xi)調(diao)，息(xi)調(diao)自(zi)(zi)然神凝，所謂心(xin)息(xi)相依(yi)，息(xi)調(diao)心(xin)定者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。所以(yi)練(lian)(lian)氣(qi)(qi)要(yao)想達(da)到(dao)呼(hu)吸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深長細勻(yun)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主觀強(qiang)(qiang)行(xing)練(lian)(lian)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)循(xun)序漸進(jin)練(lian)(lian)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)片(pian)(pian)面(mian)(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)以(yi)意(yi)(yi)(yi)隨氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)由于內氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增強(qiang)(qiang)，會出(chu)現(xian)各(ge)種特殊(shu)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)，如(ru)(ru)沿經(jing)絡走向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)流感(gan)(gan)、電麻感(gan)(gan)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偶而出(chu)現(xian)后又消失，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)。如(ru)(ru)果認為這(zhe)些感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)特殊(shu)效果，是(shi)(shi)(shi)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，用意(yi)(yi)(yi)加以(yi)追(zhui)求(qiu)，把思想完(wan)全集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)上，就容(rong)易走火入魔。因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)對待各(ge)種感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)，要(yao)任其自(zi)(zi)然出(chu)現(xian)、自(zi)(zi)然消失，不(bu)(bu)過份地把意(yi)(yi)(yi)念力集中(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)上去。對已出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)既不(bu)(bu)恐懼，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)留戀(lian)。這(zhe)樣才能(neng)使意(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)相依(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舒適感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)自(zi)(zi)然產生(sheng)。
4、練(lian)(lian)養(yang)(yang)相兼 練(lian)(lian)與養(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)過程中兩種不同(tong)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)。練(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行氣(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)鍛煉。經過鍛煉后，會出現身(shen)體輕松舒適(shi)(shi)、呼吸柔(rou)和綿綿、意(yi)念(nian)集中和思想平(ping)靜的(de)(de)松靜舒適(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)，即氣(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)入靜狀態(tai)。養(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)把這(zhe)種入靜狀態(tai)有(you)意(yi)識地保(bao)持下去，并使(shi)(shi)之不斷地深(shen)入發展，境界(jie)更(geng)加(jia)深(shen)化(hua)，時(shi)間(jian)更(geng)加(jia)延(yan)長。這(zhe)樣不斷積累(lei)經驗，又(you)(you)練(lian)(lian)又(you)(you)養(yang)(yang)，練(lian)(lian)中有(you)養(yang)(yang)，效果(guo)就更(geng)加(jia)提(ti)高(gao)。 養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)另一方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)在練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)之后平(ping)時(shi)的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)功(gong)(gong)以及練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)期間(jian)的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)生。練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)到了(le)一定階段(duan)，為了(le)長期保(bao)持養(yang)(yang)功(gong)(gong)，可(ke)使(shi)(shi)意(yi)念(nian)輕微地存于丹田部位，似守非守，所謂(wei)養(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)存神，復(fu)命(ming)歸根(gen)，這(zhe)樣就能使(shi)(shi)真氣(qi)(qi)(qi)不致耗散，日積月累(lei)，自(zi)然神旺氣(qi)(qi)(qi)足(zu)。 所謂(wei)養(yang)(yang)生是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)之外的(de)(de)日常(chang)生活中，也要時(shi)時(shi)刻(ke)刻(ke)注意(yi)養(yang)(yang)生之道。如(ru)《內(nei)經》中法(fa)于陰陽，和于數術，飲食(shi)有(you)節，起(qi)居(ju)有(you)常(chang)，不安作(zuo)勞。由(you)于平(ping)時(shi)修身(shen)養(yang)(yang)性的(de)(de)加(jia)強，對(dui)練(lian)(lian)功(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)功(gong)(gong)當有(you)更(geng)好的(de)(de)促(cu)進(jin)作(zuo)用。
5、火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du) 所謂火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)指在氣(qi)功鍛煉時，對調(diao)身(shen)(shen)、調(diao)息、調(diao)心要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)掌握好適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)。如(ru)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)，難(nan)以(yi)收(shou)效；如(ru)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)太(tai)過(guo)(guo)，物極(ji)必(bi)反，會起(qi)相反的(de)(de)(de)作用，甚(shen)至產(chan)生一些不(bu)(bu)良反應。如(ru)在意(yi)(yi)(yi)念的(de)(de)(de)掌握上，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做到(dao)若有(you)若無(wu)，所謂有(you)意(yi)(yi)(yi)似(si)無(wu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)，無(wu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)又有(you)意(yi)(yi)(yi)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)意(yi)(yi)(yi)念過(guo)(guo)強就是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)太(tai)過(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)達到(dao)預期的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo)。在呼吸的(de)(de)(de)掌握方面(mian)，也有(you)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)進行(xing)鍛煉，才能(neng)達到(dao)深長細勻的(de)(de)(de)呼吸狀(zhuang)態，內氣(qi)才能(neng)產(chan)生和(he)運行(xing)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)呼吸時完全任其自(zi)然(ran)，與常人一樣地自(zi)然(ran)呼吸就是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)及。如(ru)有(you)意(yi)(yi)(yi)加(jia)強呼吸，勉(mian)強用力，就是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)太(tai)過(guo)(guo)。二者都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)達到(dao)目的(de)(de)(de)。在姿勢的(de)(de)(de)掌握方面(mian)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)全身(shen)(shen)放(fang)松，舒適(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)然(ran)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)最低限(xian)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)支撐力以(yi)保持身(shen)(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)平(ping)衡，才能(neng)進行(xing)練(lian)功。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)全身(shen)(shen)肌肉完全松弛，趨(qu)于松懈無(wu)力，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)及；如(ru)有(you)意(yi)(yi)(yi)挺胸收(shou)腹，四肢用力，使用僵硬(ying)，就是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)太(tai)過(guo)(guo)。都影響(xiang)練(lian)功效果(guo)(guo)。 此外，在練(lian)功的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)和(he)次數(shu)上，也要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做到(dao)火(huo)(huo)候(hou)(hou)適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。如(ru)每(mei)次練(lian)功都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)留(liu)有(you)余力，不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)勉(mian)強延長時間(jian)，以(yi)免身(shen)(shen)體(ti)過(guo)(guo)累，情(qing)緒不(bu)(bu)良，致(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)好。一般病休者每(mei)日練(lian)功次數(shu)可(ke)適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)多一些，每(mei)次練(lian)功的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)1小時為宜。總之，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根據各種實際情(qing)況，適(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)掌握運動量，避免太(tai)過(guo)(guo)與不(bu)(bu)及。
6、循序(xu)漸進(jin)，持(chi)之以恒(heng) 氣功(gong)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)學習和訓練(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來講，在(zai)短期(qi)內學—些基(ji)礎(chu)知識(shi)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)些基(ji)本的(de)(de)鍛(duan)煉(lian)方法(fa)(fa)是可能(neng)的(de)(de)。但(dan)要(yao)想得(de)到進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo)，必須(xu)在(zai)初練(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，長期(qi)堅持(chi)鍛(duan)煉(lian)，不(bu)斷(duan)積累經驗和成果(guo)(guo)，才能(neng)達到目的(de)(de)。急于求成，或由(you)于基(ji)礎(chu)不(bu)穩，或由(you)于練(lian)(lian)得(de)過(guo)多過(guo)猛，所(suo)謂(wei)拔苗助長，非但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)得(de)到效果(guo)(guo)，反而產生很多不(bu)良后(hou)果(guo)(guo)。還(huan)有(you)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)傾向是練(lian)(lian)功(gong)松懈散漫，放任自流，不(bu)能(neng)持(chi)之以恒(heng)，可能(neng)開(kai)始有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定效果(guo)(guo)，但(dan)療效難以鞏固。這(zhe)些都是練(lian)(lian)功(gong)沒有(you)循序(xu)漸進(jin)，長期(qi)堅持(chi)的(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。另外還(huan)要(yao)避免見異思遷，不(bu)從(cong)身(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)具體(ti)情況(kuang)和實際病(bing)情出發，常常亂(luan)換功(gong)法(fa)(fa)，朝練(lian)(lian)夕(xi)改，盲目追求所(suo)謂(wei)高級功(gong)，結(jie)果(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)事無(wu)成，一(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)所(suo)得(de)。所(suo)以練(lian)(lian)功(gong)要(yao)循序(xu)漸進(jin)，持(chi)之以恒(heng)，才能(neng)獲(huo)得(de)長期(qi)積累的(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo)。
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