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歷史上那些遭國君父親們強娶的兒媳們結局如何,

華里士(shi) 2023-12-28 18:06:37

導讀:春秋時期(qi)有那么幾個(ge)(ge)荒(huang)唐國(guo)君(jun),本來(lai)是為(wei)(wei)自己的(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)娶媳(xi)婦(fu),因為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)女子(zi)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)漂亮,于是就(jiu)把(ba)她納為(wei)(wei)己有,成了自己的(de)(de)(de)妻子(zi)。這(zhe)(zhe)幾個(ge)(ge)國(guo)君(jun)是衛宣公(gong)、魯(lu)惠(hui)公(gong)、楚(chu)平王。還有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)君(jun)晉文(wen)(wen)公(gong),他(ta)因為(wei)(wei)政治目的(de)(de)(de)娶了自己的(de)(de)(de)侄(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)晉懷公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)妻子(zi)懷贏為(wei)(wei)妻,宗(zong)法制度,侄(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)如(ru)同兒(er)子(zi),他(ta)也(ye)算是奪(duo)兒(er)媳(xi)為(wei)(wei)妻。本博客(ke)有一(yi)篇(pian)博文(wen)(wen)專門(men)論及此事。那么,這(zhe)(zhe)些被國(guo)君(jun)強(qiang)奪(duo)為(wei)(wei)妻的(de)(de)(de)女子(zi)后事都(dou)是怎(zen)樣的(de)(de)(de)呢(ni)?

衛宣公夫人宣姜

衛宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)聘的(de)是齊(qi)國(guo)齊(qi)僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)女(nv)兒(er)。還沒(mei)(mei)有等到拜堂成親(qin)(qin),見這個齊(qi)女(nv)漂亮(liang),就把她納為(wei)(wei)(wei)自己的(de)妻子(zi)(zi),史稱宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)。沒(mei)(mei)過多久,宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)兩個兒(er)子(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽和公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朔。等到原(yuan)來(lai)立(li)的(de)世子(zi)(zi)伋的(de)母親(qin)(qin)去世后,衛宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就把宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)立(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)正夫人。后來(lai),在宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)攛(cuan)掇下(xia),衛宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計殺死(si)了(le)(le)(le)自己的(de)這個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)伋。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)那個大兒(er)子(zi)(zi)壽知道了(le)(le)(le)這個陰謀,想代替哥哥去死(si),事(shi)情不成,兩人同時被殺。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)伋死(si)后第二年,衛宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)了(le)(le)(le),宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)第二個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)朔當(dang)上了(le)(le)(le)國(guo)君,這就是衛惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)繼位,衛(wei)(wei)國(guo)的(de)許多貴族不(bu)服,衛(wei)(wei)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四年(前696),衛(wei)(wei)室公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)發動叛亂,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)逃亡到(dao)母親娘家的(de)齊(qi)國(guo)。衛(wei)(wei)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室貴族立黔牟為(wei)君(jun)。衛(wei)(wei)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)外(wai)七年,齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)討伐(fa)衛(wei)(wei)國(guo),送回了衛(wei)(wei)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),衛(wei)(wei)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)位。荒唐事是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)有荒唐人(ren),齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因為(wei)對衛(wei)(wei)國(guo)有功,提出來(lai)一個(ge)荒唐的(de)建議(yi),要將宣姜(jiang)嫁給衛(wei)(wei)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)父異(yi)母的(de)哥哥公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)頑,并為(wei)此派出了使臣。衛(wei)(wei)國(guo)本來(lai)不(bu)同(tong)意這樣做(zuo),無奈(nai)畏于(yu)齊(qi)國(guo)的(de)壓力,只得同(tong)意。還有一種說法,宣姜(jiang)自衛(wei)(wei)宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死后(hou)就和公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)頑私通,說《詩經·邶(bei)風》中(zhong)那首“墻有茨”就是(shi)(shi)諷刺這件事情的(de)。詩的(de)大意是(shi)(shi):墻上有蒺藜,不(bu)可去除,宮中(zhong)那些(xie)話,實(shi)在(zai)沒法說。如(ru)果(guo)說出來(lai),實(shi)在(zai)是(shi)(shi)太(tai)丑(chou)了。不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)私通還是(shi)(shi)強行(xing)下嫁,宣姜(jiang)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)頑事實(shi)上卻(que)有婚姻。兩人(ren)后(hou)來(lai)生兒(er)三個(ge)兒(er)子(zi)(zi),兩個(ge)女兒(er),分別是(shi)(shi):齊(qi)子(zi)(zi)、衛(wei)(wei)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)申、衛(wei)(wei)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)毀、宋桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)夫人(ren)、許穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)夫人(ren)。

宣姜是(shi)(shi)怎么死的(de)(de)?歷史上沒有(you)(you)記載。從(cong)后來(lai)發生的(de)(de)事情分析,她(ta)(ta)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)享(xiang)受著國(guo)君夫(fu)人的(de)(de)尊榮。當她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)衛惠公(gong)被(bei)趕走時,這(zhe)時候是(shi)(shi)黔牟當衛國(guo)國(guo)君,公(gong)子(zi)(zi)頑是(shi)(shi)黔牟的(de)(de)弟弟,中間這(zhe)七(qi)年(nian)(nian),黔牟這(zhe)個(ge)衛君當不(bu)會難為她(ta)(ta)。七(qi)年(nian)(nian)后,兒子(zi)(zi)復位(wei),又執政(zheng)了19年(nian)(nian),繼位(wei)的(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)孫子(zi)(zi)衛懿公(gong)赤,在位(wei)9年(nian)(nian)。兒孫共執政(zheng)40年(nian)(nian),這(zhe)個(ge)時候如果他還活著,接(jie)下(xia)來(lai)又是(shi)(shi)她(ta)(ta)和后夫(fu)所生兒子(zi)(zi)戴公(gong)和文公(gong)執政(zheng),前后26年(nian)(nian)。既然是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)記載,說明她(ta)(ta)再也沒有(you)(you)故事,可以肯定,她(ta)(ta)一定是(shi)(shi)正常離世。

當然,《左傳·魯(lu)昭公二十年》當中也有(you)一句話說:“閏月戊(wu)辰,殺(sha)宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)。”這(zhe)是發(fa)生(sheng)在公元前522年的(de)事情,距離衛宣(xuan)公死(前709年)已經相隔183年。這(zhe)個宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)會是那個宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)嗎?

魯惠公夫人仲子

魯(lu)(lu)(lu)惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)姬弗湟(huang),是魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)第十三位國(guo)君。他的庶長子(zi)(zi)(zi)叫做息。晚年,魯(lu)(lu)(lu)惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)打(da)算為(wei)息娶宋武公(gong)(gong)的女兒,當這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)宋女來到魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)的時(shi)候,魯(lu)(lu)(lu)惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)看到她(ta)很漂亮,就奪(duo)為(wei)己有(you),并把她(ta)立為(wei)夫人,后(hou)人稱之為(wei)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)。后(hou)來這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)生了(le)一個(ge)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi),叫做允,這(zhe)(zhe)就是后(hou)來的魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)。不久魯(lu)(lu)(lu)惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)死(si)去(qu),因為(wei)允太(tai)幼小,魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)人共同商量,讓息代理(li)國(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)息代理(li)國(guo)政十一年,被公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)揮所(suo)殺,死(si)后(hou)被稱之為(wei)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱公(gong)(gong)。

這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)宋仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)故事(shi),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)陵墓落成典(dian)(dian)禮(li)(li)(li)才(cai)又(you)一次(ci)提到了(le)她(ta)(ta)。魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱(yin)(yin)公(gong)五年(前718)秋(qiu),仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)陵寢落成,魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)舉(ju)行典(dian)(dian)禮(li)(li)(li)慶祝。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)場典(dian)(dian)禮(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱(yin)(yin)公(gong)主(zhu)持(chi)(chi)的(de)(de),典(dian)(dian)禮(li)(li)(li)上(shang)(shang)跳(tiao)(tiao)起了(le)六(liu)佾(yi)(yi,樂(le)舞(wu)的(de)(de)行列)之(zhi)舞(wu)。按照當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)制(zhi),天子(zi)(zi)八佾(yi),三公(gong)六(liu)佾(yi),諸侯四佾(yi),魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱(yin)(yin)公(gong)身為(wei)(wei)諸侯卻搞了(le)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)六(liu)佾(yi),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逾越禮(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)。實際上(shang)(shang),史書記載這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)件事(shi)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)寫仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)陵寢之(zhi)事(shi),而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)說明(ming)從魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱(yin)(yin)公(gong)開始,連魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)國(guo)(guo)家也(ye)已經是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“禮(li)(li)(li)崩(beng)樂(le)壞”,到后來(lai)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)連魯(lu)(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)大夫也(ye)跳(tiao)(tiao)起了(le)只有(you)天子(zi)(zi)才(cai)可以使用的(de)(de)“八佾(yi)之(zhi)舞(wu)”。人們諷(feng)刺魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱(yin)(yin)公(gong)還(huan)有(you)一件事(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)典(dian)(dian)禮(li)(li)(li)不(bu)應該(gai)由(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)主(zhu)持(chi)(chi),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)親娘。不(bu)知是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)隱(yin)(yin)公(gong)為(wei)(wei)了(le)表(biao)示自(zi)己真正把(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)當(dang)做正“國(guo)(guo)母”看待,還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)向人們表(biao)明(ming)他(ta)(ta)父親本(ben)來(lai)就(jiu)該(gai)娶這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)女人,反正他(ta)(ta)主(zhu)持(chi)(chi)了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)場典(dian)(dian)禮(li)(li)(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)說明(ming),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)享受著尊榮的(de)(de)。后來(lai)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)當(dang)上(shang)(shang)了(le)國(guo)(guo)君,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)。沒(mei)有(you)故事(shi)的(de)(de)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi),至少可以確(que)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得以善終的(de)(de)。

楚平王夫人伯贏

楚平(ping)(ping)王的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)子(zi)叫(jiao)做熊建,他有(you)(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)師傅,太(tai)傅叫(jiao)伍奢,少傅叫(jiao)費無(wu)(wu)忌(ji)。費無(wu)(wu)忌(ji)不(bu)招太(tai)子(zi)待(dai)見(jian),就中(zhong)傷他。到(dao)了(le)(le)太(tai)子(zi)婚娶的(de)(de)(de)年齡,楚平(ping)(ping)王給他聘下了(le)(le)秦(qin)(qin)女(nv)(nv)(nv)。費無(wu)(wu)忌(ji)極力(li)夸贊秦(qin)(qin)女(nv)(nv)(nv)美麗無(wu)(wu)比,可(ke)傾國(guo)(guo)傾城,攛掇楚平(ping)(ping)王納了(le)(le)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)兒媳,另為太(tai)子(zi)建娶了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)齊女(nv)(nv)(nv)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)秦(qin)(qin)女(nv)(nv)(nv)稱之為伯贏(ying),也有(you)(you)稱孟贏(ying)的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伯還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孟,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)(de)意思。這(zhe)時候是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)一(yi)年(前526)。秦(qin)(qin)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)承父親(qin)秦(qin)(qin)景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)位,景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)位四十(shi)年,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)伯贏(ying)不(bu)太(tai)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)大女(nv)(nv)(nv)兒。按照(zhao)君(jun)主長(chang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)嫁國(guo)(guo)君(jun)或者太(tai)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)對應關系,她有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)(nv)兒。后來楚國(guo)(guo)郢都被吳國(guo)(guo)攻破(po),申(shen)(shen)包胥(xu)在(zai)秦(qin)(qin)庭外(wai)哭了(le)(le)七天七夜,秦(qin)(qin)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)終于同意派兵救援(yuan)楚國(guo)(guo),楚國(guo)(guo)才得以不(bu)亡(wang)。申(shen)(shen)包胥(xu)為什么要去秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)求援(yuan)?除了(le)(le)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)能(neng)力(li),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否還(huan)有(you)(you)這(zhe)種(zhong)姻(yin)親(qin)關系在(zai)其中(zhong)?當(dang)然,沒有(you)(you)明確記載的(de)(de)(de)事情都只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推測,他是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)長(chang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性也不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)。

伯贏(ying)(ying)和楚(chu)(chu)平(ping)(ping)王(wang)(wang)(wang)生(sheng)了(le)(le)一個兒(er)(er)子(zi)叫做珍,就(jiu)是(shi)后(hou)來的(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)繼位第十年,吳(wu)(wu)國攻(gong)入(ru)了(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)國的(de)(de)郢都(dou),楚(chu)(chu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)逃(tao)跑。吳(wu)(wu)國軍隊占領(ling)郢都(dou)后(hou),伍子(zi)胥為了(le)(le)報父親被殺的(de)(de)冤仇,自己將楚(chu)(chu)平(ping)(ping)王(wang)(wang)(wang)從墳墓里挖出(chu)來鞭打(da)尸體,也(ye)(ye)縱容士兵(bing)燒(shao)殺搶掠,楚(chu)(chu)國郢都(dou)陷于災難之中(zhong)。大夫(fu)們進(jin)入(ru)楚(chu)(chu)國大夫(fu)之家,吳(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)進(jin)入(ru)楚(chu)(chu)宮,到了(le)(le)夜里,郢都(dou)到處是(shi)淫(yin)欲橫流。吳(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)闔閭聽說伯贏(ying)(ying)依然(ran)美貌,意欲奸淫(yin),伯贏(ying)(ying)持劍相待(dai),誓死不(bu)從,并言辭斥責闔閭。吳(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)闔閭無奈(nai),只得放手。伯贏(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)楚(chu)(chu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)位二十七年,他(ta)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)伯贏(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)孫子(zi)楚(chu)(chu)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)位57年。伯贏(ying)(ying)也(ye)(ye)無故事,應該也(ye)(ye)是(shi)善終。

晉文公夫人懷贏

晉(jin)(jin)文公(gong)的弟弟晉(jin)(jin)惠公(gong)為(wei)(wei)君的時候,為(wei)(wei)了(le)表示和(he)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)好,把自己(ji)的兒子(zi)(zi)已(yi)經立為(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)的圉送到秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)當人(ren)質,秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)把小(xiao)女兒許配給(gei)他(ta)。后來,秦(qin)(qin)惠公(gong)病重,太子(zi)(zi)圉害(hai)怕國(guo)(guo)(guo)內大臣另立他(ta)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,就(jiu)沒有(you)經過秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的同意,偷偷跑回了(le)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo),把自己(ji)的妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)扔在了(le)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。這個(ge)留在了(le)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的女子(zi)(zi)被稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)懷贏。秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)覺得(de)晉(jin)(jin)惠公(gong)父子(zi)(zi)兩人(ren)都不是守信之(zhi)人(ren),就(jiu)想為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)另立國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,他(ta)選中(zhong)了(le)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)內和(he)諸侯中(zhong)很有(you)威信的公(gong)子(zi)(zi)重耳,就(jiu)從楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)把他(ta)找來。秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)一次(ci)性送給(gei)重耳五個(ge)女子(zi)(zi),其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)一個(ge)就(jiu)是他(ta)侄子(zi)(zi)晉(jin)(jin)懷公(gong)的妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)懷贏。

開始,晉文(wen)公覺得(de)這樣不(bu)太合(he)適,就(jiu)問手下(xia)大臣。有大臣說,國(guo)(guo)家都要奪來了,何況一(yi)個女(nv)子(zi)呢(ni)!這樣,晉文(wen)公就(jiu)決定娶這個女(nv)子(zi)。合(he)婚之(zhi)日(ri),懷贏(ying)奉上一(yi)只(zhi)盒子(zi)承在(zai)下(xia)面,自(zi)上而下(xia)澆水給重(zhong)耳(er)(er)洗手。這是一(yi)種禮節,重(zhong)耳(er)(er)起初(chu)接受了這種澆水之(zhi)禮,等到結束的時候,重(zhong)耳(er)(er)只(zhi)是揮揮手就(jiu)讓懷贏(ying)走開,也就(jiu)是很(hen)不(bu)重(zhong)視的意思。懷贏(ying)非常生(sheng)氣,說:“秦國(guo)(guo)和晉國(guo)(guo)是相(xiang)互(hu)匹敵的大國(guo)(guo),你為什么看不(bu)起我?”重(zhong)耳(er)(er)害(hai)怕了,脫去所穿戴的禮服,自(zi)囚以(yi)聽候秦穆(mu)公的處罰。

這(zhe)段記載頗有點(dian)兒(er)耐人尋味。秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)把懷(huai)贏(ying)(ying)和五個(ge)(ge)女子(zi)打包(bao)相送(song),知道這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)女兒(er)已經嫁(jia)給了(le)晉懷(huai)公(gong),有那么一點(dian)兒(er)自(zi)知理短的(de)意味。重(zhong)耳為了(le)應付這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)還是把懷(huai)贏(ying)(ying)放在(zai)了(le)第一位,但心里卻很別扭。懷(huai)贏(ying)(ying)很聰明(ming),她借機警告重(zhong)耳,告訴他,你現(xian)在(zai)還不是國(guo)君(jun),你能(neng)不能(neng)當得成這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)君(jun),還是要看我爹的(de)態度。重(zhong)耳也(ye)是個(ge)(ge)明(ming)白人,馬(ma)上(shang)自(zi)囚(qiu)以聽(ting)秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)處罰。秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)明(ming)白,重(zhong)耳已經知道了(le)利害關系,馬(ma)上(shang)舉行(xing)了(le)一個(ge)(ge)儀式,正(zheng)式宣(xuan)布送(song)重(zhong)耳回晉國(guo)為國(guo)君(jun)。懷(huai)贏(ying)(ying)也(ye)成了(le)正(zheng)式的(de)夫人,由此稱之為文(wen)贏(ying)(ying)。

晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)為君九(jiu)年(nian)死(si)去,他(ta)和文(wen)(wen)(wen)贏生(sheng)的兒子姬歡繼位,就是(shi)晉(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)。這一(yi)年(nian),秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)趁著晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)喪期間派兵(bing)偷襲鄭國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),事情不密,只好將滑(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)了(le)(le)。秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)吞并了(le)(le)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的屬從國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),軍隊又未經同意過境,晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)是(shi)決定和秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)開(kai)戰。晉(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)穿著孝服,終于(yu)在崤這個地方打敗(bai)了(le)(le)秦(qin)(qin)軍,俘虜了(le)(le)三(san)(san)(san)個統軍大將孟明視、西乞術、白乙丙。勝利后(hou),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)舉行(xing)葬禮,文(wen)(wen)(wen)贏也(ye)參加了(le)(le)。本來(lai),晉(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)想殺(sha)死(si)這三(san)(san)(san)個大將,文(wen)(wen)(wen)贏對(dui)晉(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)說:“秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)想得到(dao)這三(san)(san)(san)員大將,如果放他(ta)們(men)回國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)必(bi)然(ran)會(hui)殺(sha)死(si)他(ta)們(men)。”晉(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)同意了(le)(le),便送回了(le)(le)這三(san)(san)(san)人。三(san)(san)(san)人回國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou),秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)自(zi)己把失敗(bai)的責任全部(bu)攬了(le)(le)下來(lai),并沒(mei)有殺(sha)他(ta)們(men)。后(hou)來(lai),秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)興兵(bing)報復,正是(shi)這三(san)(san)(san)個人帶兵(bing)打敗(bai)了(le)(le)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),將上(shang)一(yi)次敗(bai)仗陣(zhen)亡的將士們(men)的尸體掩埋,史稱“秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)崤谷封尸”。發生(sheng)了(le)(le)這件(jian)事情以后(hou),文(wen)(wen)(wen)贏也(ye)沒(mei)有了(le)(le)故事。

這些女(nv)子最(zui)后(hou)為(wei)什么都(dou)銷聲匿(ni)跡(ji)了(le)呢(ni)?說到底(di),那(nei)個(ge)時代的(de)(de)女(nv)子根本就(jiu)沒有地位,他(ta)們的(de)(de)出現只不過(guo)是(shi)因為(wei)國(guo)君的(de)(de)荒唐把她(ta)們牽扯了(le)進(jin)來(lai),她(ta)們是(shi)被(bei)動的(de)(de)、無奈的(de)(de),是(shi)任(ren)人擺布的(de)(de)。雖然她(ta)們最(zui)后(hou)的(de)(de)結局還算說得過(guo)去,但那(nei)也只不過(guo)是(shi)因為(wei)她(ta)們都(dou)生有一個(ge)兒子,而這個(ge)兒子都(dou)成了(le)繼(ji)位國(guo)君。否則,她(ta)們也會像那(nei)些無數(shu)的(de)(de)國(guo)君的(de)(de)姬妾一樣,獨自(zi)呆在凄(qi)涼的(de)(de)宮里,直到被(bei)歷史的(de)(de)塵埃埋葬。盡管如此,即便歷史給了(le)她(ta)們一個(ge)特寫,也始終改變不了(le)“跑龍套(tao)”的(de)(de)角色。

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