(宋)姜(jiang)夔《浣溪沙·著(zhu)酒行行滿袂風》原(yuan)文賞(shang)析(宋)姜(jiang)夔

浣溪沙·著(zhu)酒行行滿袂(mei)風

予(yu)女須(xu)家沔之山陽，左白湖(hu)，右云夢(meng)。春(chun)水方生(sheng)，浸數千(qian)里(li)；冬寒(han)沙露，衰(shuai)草入云。丙午之秋，予(yu)與安甥或(huo)(huo)(huo)蕩(dang)舟(zhou)采菱，或(huo)(huo)(huo)舉火罝兔(tu)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)觀魚簺下，山行野吟，自適其適；憑(ping)虛悵望，因賦(fu)是闋(que)。

著(zhu)酒行(xing)行(xing)滿袂風，草枯霜(shuang)鶻落晴空。銷魂都在夕(xi)陽中。恨入(ru)四(si)弦人欲老，夢尋千驛(yi)意難通。當時何(he)似莫(mo)匆匆。

宋人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詞(ci)(ci)，冠以(yi)小(xiao)序者(zhe)頗多(duo)，而姜(jiang)(jiang)夔詞(ci)(ci)尤為擅(shan)場。姜(jiang)(jiang)詞(ci)(ci)的小(xiao)序，記事寫景，筆致典雅，往(wang)往(wang)就是一篇(pian)優美的散文小(xiao)品，具有很高(gao)的美學(xue)欣(xin)賞價(jia)值。這首(shou)詞(ci)(ci)中的小(xiao)序便是如(ru)此(ci)，此(ci)序以(yi)清空靈(ling)秀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆，寫其“女(nv)須家(jia)沔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山陽(yang)”的旖旎(ni)風光和詞(ci)(ci)人(ren)郊游情趣(qu)，低徊往(wang)復(fu)，情辭(ci)俱佳。據序中“丙午”云云，知此(ci)詞(ci)(ci)作(zuo)于(yu)淳熙十三(san)年(nian)(1186)，作(zuo)者(zhe)約在三(san)十二歲左右。這是作(zuo)者(zhe)客居其姐姐家(jia)最(zui)后一年(nian)。女(nv)須即女(nv)媭，出于(yu)屈原《離騷》，此(ci)為姐姐的代稱。

夏承燾先(xian)生(sheng)云：“此(ci)客漢陽游(you)觀之(zhi)詞(ci)(ci)，而實為懷(huai)合肥(fei)人(ren)作(zuo)。”據夏先(xian)生(sheng)《合肥(fei)詞(ci)(ci)事》考證(zheng)，姜(jiang)夔合肥(fei)情(qing)遇，蓋(gai)為勾欄姊妹二人(ren)，妙擅音(yin)樂(le)。姜(jiang)夔先(xian)后為之(zhi)寫了二十首相思感懷(huai)的詞(ci)(ci)，始于淳熙丙(bing)午，迄于慶元丁巳(1197)。此(ci)詞(ci)(ci)是懷(huai)念(nian)合肥(fei)二女(nv)是最早的詞(ci)(ci)作(zuo)之(zhi)一。

詞的(de)(de)上(shang)片寫詞人(ren)郊游時所(suo)見(jian)所(suo)感(gan)，三句(ju)(ju)(ju)三層意(yi)(yi)思(si)。首句(ju)(ju)(ju)以酒后郊游起調，寫詞人(ren)乘著酒興，迎著秋風(feng)，在(zai)效(xiao)外漫游，行(xing)行(xing)不(bu)(bu)已，清風(feng)兩袖。“滿袂風(feng)”的(de)(de)形象，似(si)蕭(xiao)灑(sa)，又似(si)衰颯，是《序(xu)》中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)說的(de)(de)“山行(xing)野吟(yin)，自適其適”的(de)(de)形象描(miao)繪(hui)。次(ci)句(ju)(ju)(ju)寫郊游所(suo)見(jian)。枯草遍地，秋暉(hui)萬里，鷙鳥在(zai)高空中(zhong)(zhong)盤(pan)旋而下(xia)。景象闊大高遠，似(si)雄渾，又似(si)肅殺，頗似(si)《序(xu)》中(zhong)(zhong)“衰草入云”的(de)(de)景象。第三句(ju)(ju)(ju)雖然(ran)(ran)用(yong)了“夕陽”為上(shang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)描(miao)繪(hui)的(de)(de)景象作補充，但主要是抒情，抒寫詞人(ren)置身(shen)于(yu)大自然(ran)(ran)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)感(gan)受，雖然(ran)(ran)只用(yong)了“銷(xiao)魂”二(er)字，內涵卻相當(dang)豐富：一方(fang)面(mian)詞人(ren)受了大自然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)感(gan)發(fa)，且(qie)置身(shen)于(yu)夕陽之(zhi)下(xia)，“夕陽無(wu)限好(hao)，只是近黃昏”，特別(bie)(bie)(bie)是想到遠在(zai)合(he)肥的(de)(de)戀人(ren)，于(yu)是“憑虛悵望(wang)”，感(gan)念(nian)叢生，魂逸(yi)天外；另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)，“銷(xiao)魂”又暗(an)寓(yu)著離別(bie)(bie)(bie)，南朝江(jiang)文通《別(bie)(bie)(bie)斌》有云：“黯然(ran)(ran)銷(xiao)魂者，唯別(bie)(bie)(bie)而已矣！”而這種(zhong)離別(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)感(gan)，正(zheng)是由(you)思(si)念(nian)合(he)肥二(er)女(nv)(nv)而來。下(xia)片三句(ju)(ju)(ju)即從“銷(xiao)魂”句(ju)(ju)(ju)生出，而加以具體抒寫。“恨(hen)入四(si)(si)弦人(ren)欲老(lao)”，以“四(si)(si)弦”寫合(he)肥戀人(ren)。據(ju)夏承燾先生考證，合(he)肥二(er)女(nv)(nv)善琵琶(pa)。她們與(yu)姜夔相戀而不(bu)(bu)得團聚(ju)，故云“恨(hen)入四(si)(si)弦(琵琶(pa)四(si)(si)弦，周邦彥《浣溪沙》：“琵琶(pa)撥盡四(si)(si)弦悲。”)二(er)女(nv)(nv)年齡當(dang)與(yu)姜夔相若，本不(bu)(bu)當(dang)言“老(lao)”。但因離恨(hen)之(zhi)深(shen)，愁容戚戚，似(si)乎“欲老(lao)”。此句(ju)(ju)(ju)是從合(he)肥二(er)女(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)角度著筆(bi)，亦是詞人(ren)想象之(zhi)辭。“夢尋千驛(yi)意(yi)(yi)難通”，寫雙方(fang)夢中(zhong)(zhong)相尋。遍尋“千驛(yi)”，可見(jian)相思(si)之(zhi)深(shen)，相尋之(zhi)苦，而“意(yi)(yi)難通”，其情尤苦。由(you)此逗出結(jie)句(ju)(ju)(ju)悔(hui)恨(hen)之(zhi)語：“當(dang)時何似(si)莫匆(cong)匆(cong)！”“當(dang)時”即離別(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)時。由(you)于(yu)別(bie)(bie)(bie)后苦苦相思(si)，故而悔(hui)恨(hen)當(dang)時不(bu)(bu)該如此匆(cong)匆(cong)離別(bie)(bie)(bie)。寫這種(zhong)悔(hui)恨(hen)，正(zheng)是寫戀情的(de)(de)真摯，思(si)念(nian)的(de)(de)深(shen)沉。情真意(yi)(yi)切(qie)，皆在(zai)一筆(bi)悔(hui)恨(hen)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。

此詞在寫(xie)(xie)法上，由漢陽游觀入筆(bi)，先景后(hou)情，其情層(ceng)層(ceng)轉深，曲終乃至痛心(xin)疾首(shou)，若不(bu)勝(sheng)情。由此而知上片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)寫(xie)(xie)事(shi)寫(xie)(xie)景，無一(yi)不(bu)是(shi)寫(xie)(xie)情：“著(zhu)酒(jiu)”，實是(shi)“著(zhu)情”，內(nei)心(xin)之情，無可(ke)排遣，因(yin)而“著(zhu)酒(jiu)”，故知酒(jiu)為情設；獨處郊野，行行不(bu)已，亦為情所驅使(shi)；秋風滿(man)袂，枯草蒼莽(mang)，正(zheng)是(shi)心(xin)情悲涼的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)；孤(gu)鶻獨飛，正(zheng)是(shi)詞人孤(gu)獨的(de)(de)(de)寫(xie)(xie)照；夕陽西下，也正(zheng)與詞人“欲老”的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)態相應(ying)。由此可(ke)知，上片(pian)(pian)諸景，雖(sui)有雄渾之跡，但(dan)終歸于悲涼，而與下片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)相思(si)之苦相應(ying)。

浣溪沙 姜夔賞析予女須家沔之山陽，左白湖，右云夢，春水方生，浸數千里，冬寒沙露，衰草入云。丙午之秋，予與安甥或蕩舟采菱，或舉火罝兔，或觀魚下；山行野吟，自適其適；憑虛悵望，因賦是闋。著酒行行滿袂風，草枯霜鶻落晴空。銷魂都在夕陽中。
恨入四弦人欲老，夢尋千驛意難通。當時何似莫匆匆。【賞析】
白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)十(shi)二(er)(er)歲，是(shi)(shi)(shi)懷(huai)念合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)相(xiang)識于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)肥赤蘭(lan)橋，那(nei)里(li)春(chun)則楊柳依(yi)(yi)依(yi)(yi)，冬則梅雪溶溶，他們都妙(miao)(miao)解(jie)音(yin)律，白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，伊(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)樂(le)陶陶，不(bu)(bu)啻神仙眷屬(shu)(shu)矣(yi)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)造物弄人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，天(tian)妒馨香，白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)愛(ai)(ai)侶(lv)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終分袂，這成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)“情(qing)(qing)結”所(suo)系。白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)合(he)肥女子(zi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別(bie)在(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)十(shi)七歲那(nei)年(nian)(nian)。然(ran)(ran)而(er)，似乎在(zai)(zai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)別(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)許久(jiu)，白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)已預(yu)感到(dao)(dao)愛(ai)(ai)情(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)悲(bei)劇性質，以(yi)致其(qi)(qi)懷(huai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)從(cong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)就(jiu)充滿了沉痛深(shen)哀的(de)(de)悲(bei)劇氣氛。詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)前(qian)有序。序前(qian)半(ban)篇寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壯觀。女須同女媭，指姐(jie)姐(jie)，白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)幼(you)年(nian)(nian)即住在(zai)(zai)姐(jie)姐(jie)家(jia)，在(zai)(zai)漢陽(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)村，太(tai)白(bai)(bai)湖、云(yun)夢(meng)(meng)澤(ze)（代(dai)指湖泊群）環抱(bao)左右。春(chun)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)(shi)，連幾千(qian)(qian)里(li)。冬寒水(shui)(shui)退，荒草(cao)接(jie)天(tian)。后(hou)(hou)半(ban)篇寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)游賞(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)快樂(le)。丙午即淳熙(xi)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)（1186），這年(nian)(nian)秋天(tian)，詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)外(wai)甥（名安）晝則蕩舟(zhou)采菱，夜(ye)則舉(ju)火(huo)捕兔(tu)（罝，捕兔(tu)網），有時(shi)(shi)則觀看捕魚（竹木制的(de)(de)柵欄，用來(lai)(lai)(lai)斷水(shui)(shui)取魚）。山(shan)行(xing)(xing)野吟，真似自得其(qi)(qi)樂(le)。然(ran)(ran)而(er)，末(mo)尾筆(bi)調突轉：“憑虛(xu)悵(chang)(chang)望(wang)，因(yin)賦是(shi)(shi)(shi)闋。”原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，游賞(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂(le)竟絲毫不(bu)(bu)能彌(mi)補(bu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)悲(bei)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)心靈。序末(mo)正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)篇的(de)(de)引子(zi)。“著酒行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)滿袂風。”起(qi)句寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)自己(ji)帶了酒意(yi)在(zai)(zai)原(yuan)野上奔走，秋風滿懷(huai)，便覺天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寥(liao)廓。“草(cao)枯(ku)霜鶻落晴空，”舉(ju)目清秋，恙(yang)草(cao)接(jie)天(tian)但見(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)蒼鷹從(cong)晴空中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)直飛落在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望(wang)無(wu)(wu)際的(de)(de)原(yuan)野上。此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)句極(ji)(ji)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高曠(kuang)，便見(jian)(jian)出詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“憑虛(xu)悵(chang)(chang)望(wang)”。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)景生(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)(qing)，寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)出下(xia)(xia)(xia)句：“銷魂都在(zai)(zai)夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”歇(xie)拍極(ji)(ji)精(jing)辟，將情(qing)(qing)與(yu)(yu)景、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)宇宙融為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)境(jing)。境(jing)界隨夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)而(er)無(wu)(wu)限(xian)展開(kai)，憂(you)傷(shang)(shang)亦(yi)(yi)隨夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)無(wu)(wu)已。有夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)處(chu)有憂(you)傷(shang)(shang)。憂(you)傷(shang)(shang)冉冉彌(mi)漫于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)界中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)(lai)上二(er)(er)句所(suo)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高曠(kuang)，竟似容不(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)限(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惆悵(chang)(chang)。“銷魂都在(zai)(zai)夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，可(ke)(ke)(ke)媲美(mei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)周(zhou)邦(bang)彥(yan)《蘭(lan)陵(ling)王》名句“斜陽(yang)(yang)(yang)冉冉春(chun)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)”。詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)究(jiu)竟為(wei)(wei)何(he)銷魂如(ru)此(ci)(ci)？“黯然(ran)(ran)銷魂者，唯別(bie)而(er)已矣(yi)。”（江(jiang)淹《別(bie)賦》）歇(xie)拍意(yi)脈已引發下(xia)(xia)(xia)片(pian)(pian)。起(qi)到(dao)(dao)上勾下(xia)(xia)(xia)連，承(cheng)前(qian)啟后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。“恨(hen)入四(si)弦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)欲老，夢(meng)(meng)尋千(qian)(qian)驛(yi)意(yi)難(nan)(nan)通。”過片(pian)(pian)二(er)(er)句對(dui)偶(ou)，寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)想(xiang)象(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)己(ji)的(de)(de)刻(ke)骨相(xiang)思(si)。上句想(xiang)象(xiang)伊(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)憂(you)傷(shang)(shang)欲老。四(si)弦指琵琶(pa)(pa)，周(zhou)邦(bang)彥(yan)《浣溪沙》云(yun)：“琵琶(pa)(pa)撥(bo)盡(jin)四(si)弦悲(bei)。”合(he)肥女子(zi)妙(miao)(miao)解(jie)音(yin)律，故白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)多(duo)(duo)次寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)到(dao)(dao)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)用樂(le)器。如(ru)《解(jie)連環》云(yun)：“為(wei)(wei)大喬能撥(bo)春(chun)風，小(xiao)(xiao)喬妙(miao)(miao)移箏。”伊(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)滿懷(huai)幽(you)怨沉恨(hen)，傾注(zhu)進琵琶(pa)(pa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，琵琶(pa)(pa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)怨，但又(you)何(he)能真個解(jie)恨(hen)？在(zai)(zai)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)怨恨(hen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，伊(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)(yi)紅顏漸老。白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)年(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)十(shi)二(er)(er)歲，合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)年(nian)(nian)齡諒在(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)十(shi)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，何(he)至(zhi)言老？“思(si)君令人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)老”《古詩(shi)十(shi)九(jiu)首》，故老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字，下(xia)(xia)(xia)得沉重(zhong)。不(bu)(bu)僅寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)出合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)對(dui)自己(ji)相(xiang)思(si)成(cheng)疾，亦(yi)(yi)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)出自己(ji)對(dui)合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)相(xiang)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)。不(bu)(bu)僅如(ru)此(ci)(ci)。白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)遇(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)亦(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)句見(jian)(jian)出。合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)與(yu)(yu)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)妙(miao)(miao)擅音(yin)樂(le)，乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)知音(yin)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)愛(ai)(ai)情(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)蘊原(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)(ji)高雅亦(yi)(yi)極(ji)(ji)深(shen)厚(hou)。善于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設身(shen)處(chu)地(di)地(di)為(wei)(wei)對(dui)方(fang)著想(xiang)，從(cong)對(dui)方(fang)的(de)(de)角度來(lai)(lai)(lai)刻(ke)畫雙方(fang)的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)深(shen)意(yi)重(zhong)和相(xiang)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦(ku)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)情(qing)(qing)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個特色。如(ru)“誰教(jiao)歲歲紅蓮夜(ye)，兩(liang)(liang)處(chu)沉吟各自知”（《鷓(zhe)鴣天(tian)》），“淮南皓月(yue)冷千(qian)(qian)山(shan)，冥冥歸(gui)去(qu)無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)管”（《踏莎(sha)(sha)行(xing)(xing)》）。以(yi)及本(ben)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)這兩(liang)(liang)句。下(xia)(xia)(xia)句寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)伊(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)夢(meng)(meng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)覓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦(ku)。山(shan)長(chang)水(shui)(shui)闊(kuo)，天(tian)遙地(di)遠，伊(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)縱(zong)然(ran)(ran)夢(meng)(meng)飛千(qian)(qian)驛(yi)，也難(nan)(nan)尋到(dao)(dao)自己(ji)傾訴(su)衷情(qing)(qing)啊。詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)情(qing)(qing)仿佛晏(yan)小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)《蝶戀(lian)花》“夢(meng)(meng)入江(jiang)南煙水(shui)(shui)路。行(xing)(xing)盡(jin)江(jiang)南，不(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)離(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遇(yu)(yu)”。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)慘淡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)句，竟成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)愛(ai)(ai)情(qing)(qing)悲(bei)劇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)預(yu)讖。白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)合(he)肥情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)含恨(hen)終身(shen)，當(dang)非偶(ou)然(ran)(ran)。夢(meng)(meng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)(yi)意(yi)難(nan)(nan)平，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)必多(duo)(duo)恨(hen)事(shi)。重(zhong)逢難(nan)(nan)，夢(meng)(meng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)逢亦(yi)(yi)難(nan)(nan)。詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)禁從(cong)肺腑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發出萬千(qian)(qian)感慨和無(wu)(wu)限(xian)遺恨(hen)：“當(dang)時(shi)(shi)何(he)似莫匆(cong)(cong)匆(cong)(cong)。”痛恨(hen)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)情(qing)(qing)侶(lv)匆(cong)(cong)匆(cong)(cong)分別(bie)，而(er)今(jin)(jin)天(tian)各一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)，重(zhong)逢難(nan)(nan)期(qi)，無(wu)(wu)限(xian)深(shen)悲(bei)巨(ju)痛，化于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。實則當(dang)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別(bie)，必有不(bu)(bu)得已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緣故。今(jin)(jin)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)追悔，便屬(shu)(shu)無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)奈何(he)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大恨(hen)事(shi)。結句與(yu)(yu)晏(yan)殊《踏莎(sha)(sha)行(xing)(xing)》“當(dang)時(shi)(shi)輕別(bie)意(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，山(shan)長(chang)水(shui)(shui)遠知何(he)處(chu)”相(xiang)若。全詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)整體構(gou)思(si)頗見(jian)(jian)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)特色。序與(yu)(yu)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，上、下(xia)(xia)(xia)片(pian)(pian)，皆(jie)筆(bi)無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)設，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)脈關聯，而(er)又(you)層層翻進，實為(wei)(wei)渾然(ran)(ran)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體。序中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)極(ji)(ji)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)游賞(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適意(yi)，既引起(qi)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)排解(jie)的(de)(de)憂(you)傷(shang)(shang)，又(you)反(fan)襯憂(you)傷(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉重(zhong)。上片(pian)(pian)極(ji)(ji)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高曠(kuang)、夕(xi)(xi)(xi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)，實為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)片(pian)(pian)所(suo)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)相(xiang)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)遠、傷(shang)(shang)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)限(xian)造境(jing)。縱(zong)觀全幅，序作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)引發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)，上片(pian)(pian)呈外(wai)向張(zhang)勢(shi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)片(pian)(pian)呈內(nei)向斂勢(shi)，雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，亦(yi)(yi)極(ji)(ji)變化開(kai)闔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能事(shi)，此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)尺小(xiao)(xiao)興波(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法。此(ci)(ci)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)懷(huai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)系列(lie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序曲。白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)懷(huai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)始(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)，終于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)十(shi)三(san)(san)歲時(shi)(shi)所(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)首《鷓(zhe)鴣天(tian)》，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)經(jing)歷(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)余年(nian)(nian)歷(li)程，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)最(zui)(zui)(zui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)寶貴的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段經(jing)歷(li)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)創作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)深(shen)厚(hou)的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)感源泉；白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，俱深(shen)沉幽(you)邃，寄意(yi)深(shen)微。在(zai)(zai)宋(song)代(dai)文學史上，白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)懷(huai)念合(he)肥女子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系列(lie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，與(yu)(yu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)湖懷(huai)念李氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系列(lie)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)、放翁懷(huai)念唐(tang)琬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系列(lie)詩(shi)，先后(hou)(hou)輝映(ying)。具是(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)情(qing)(qing)至(zhi)性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)留(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性情(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

姜夔 《浣溪沙》詩句宋
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姜夔
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浣溪沙
釵燕籠云晚不忺。
擬將裙帶系郎船。
別離滋味又今年。
楊柳夜寒猶自舞，鴛鴦風急不成眠。
些兒閑事莫縈牽。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
春點疏梅雨后枝。
翦燈心事峭寒時。
市橋攜手步遲遲。
蜜炬來時人更好，玉笙吹徹夜何其。
東風落靨不成歸。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
花里春風未覺時。
美人呵蕊綴橫枝。
隔簾飛過蜜蜂兒。
書寄嶺頭封不到，影浮杯面誤人吹。
寂寥惟有夜寒知。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
翦翦寒花小更垂。
阿瓊愁里弄妝遲。
東風燒燭夜深歸。
落蕊半黏釵上燕，露黃斜映鬢邊犀。
老夫無味已多時。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
雁怯重云不肯啼，畫船愁過石塘西，打頭風浪惡禁持。
春浦漸生迎棹綠，小梅應長亞門枝；一年燈火要人歸。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
著酒行行滿袂風。
草枯霜鶻落晴空。
銷魂都在夕陽中。
恨入四弦人欲老，夢尋千驛意難通。
當時何似莫匆匆。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
釵燕籠云晚不忺。
擬將裙帶系郎船。
別離滋味又今年。
楊柳夜寒猶自舞，鴛鴦風急不成眠。
些兒閑事莫縈牽。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
春點疏梅雨后枝。
翦燈心事峭寒時。
市橋攜手步遲遲。
蜜炬來時人更好，玉笙吹徹夜何其。
東風落靨不成歸。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
花里春風未覺時。
美人呵蕊綴橫枝。
隔簾飛過蜜蜂兒。
書寄嶺頭封不到，影浮杯面誤人吹。
寂寥惟有夜寒知。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
翦翦寒花小更垂。
阿瓊愁里弄妝遲。
東風燒燭夜深歸。
落蕊半黏釵上燕，露黃斜映鬢邊犀。
老夫無味已多時。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
雁怯重云不肯啼，畫船愁過石塘西，打頭風浪惡禁持。
春浦漸生迎棹綠，小梅應長亞門枝；一年燈火要人歸。
宋
-
姜夔
-
浣溪沙
著酒行行滿袂風。
草枯霜鶻落晴空。
銷魂都在夕陽中。
恨入四弦人欲老，夢尋千驛意難通。
當時何似莫匆匆。

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