政(zheng)治學·制度(du)·三(san)省六部政(zheng)治學·制度(du)·三(san)省六部

古代(dai)(dai)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)之(zhi)一(yi)。“三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”指(zhi)(zhi)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、門(men)(men)下(xia)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，“六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”指(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、戶部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、禮(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、兵(bing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、刑部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、工部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。“三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)” 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)最(zui)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機構，“六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)” 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)最(zui)高(gao)職能部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)。以(yi)“三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)是在(zai)漢(han)魏以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)逐(zhu)漸形成(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)展起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。戰國(guo)始有(you) “尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)” 一(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，尚(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)是掌(zhang)(zhang)，掌(zhang)(zhang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)就是掌(zhang)(zhang)管文(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，秦朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九卿(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)少(shao)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，實際(ji)是皇(huang)帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秘(mi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，漢(han)武帝時(shi)(shi)大(da)權(quan)獨(du)攬，尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)因在(zai)皇(huang)帝左(zuo)右辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，掌(zhang)(zhang)管文(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)章奏(zou)，地位逐(zhu)漸重要。東(dong)漢(han)時(shi)(shi)便設(she)(she)(she)置尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，下(xia)分(fen)(fen)各曹(cao)(cao)(部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu))，逐(zhu)漸從(cong)秘(mi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)處發(fa)展為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)最(zui)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機構。因尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)公處設(she)(she)(she)在(zai)宮(gong)廷殿閣(ge)之(zhi)內(nei)，故有(you) “臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)閣(ge)” 之(zhi)稱(cheng)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，“三(san)(san)公” 雖(sui)然名(ming)義上(shang)仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)，但(dan)只是處理例行(xing)公事(shi)(shi)(shi)，尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)長(chang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling) “總典紀綱(gang)，無所(suo)不統(tong)”，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)執(zhi)掌(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)，而臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)閣(ge)也(ye)就成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)府。南北(bei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)始稱(cheng) “尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”，“省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)” 原(yuan)來(lai)指(zhi)(zhi)天子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)處，東(dong)漢(han)學者蔡邕 《獨(du)斷》： “天子所(suo)居(ju)(ju)曰(yue)禁(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)曰(yue)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”一(yi)說(shuo)： “漢(han)制(zhi)： 王所(suo)居(ju)(ju)曰(yue)禁(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，諸公所(suo)居(ju)(ju)曰(yue)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。” 后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)“省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)” 便成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)衙門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種名(ming)稱(cheng)。魏文(wen)帝曹(cao)(cao)丕感到(dao)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)權(quan)勢(shi)太大(da)，將(jiang)(jiang)其改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行(xing)機構，另(ling)設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，掌(zhang)(zhang)管中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞(shu)機密(mi)，其重要性逐(zhu)漸蓋過尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，其長(chang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)(ling)也(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)，故當時(shi)(shi)人稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) “鳳凰(huang)池”。南北(bei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)皇(huang)帝鑒于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)權(quan)勢(shi)日大(da)，又(you)設(she)(she)(she)置以(yi)侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)下(xia)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加以(yi)限制(zhi)。“門(men)(men)下(xia)” 原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侍(shi)從(cong)機構，建省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)便成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機構。隋唐時(shi)(shi)期，就形成(cheng)(cheng)了尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、門(men)(men)下(xia)三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)(fen)職的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)： 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)取(qu)旨(zhi)，門(men)(men)下(xia)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)審核，尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)執(zhi)行(xing)，三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)首長(chang)同為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)，共議國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)。三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)(fen)職，實際(ji)上(shang)是將(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)(xiang)權(quan)一(yi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)，以(yi)互(hu)(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)限制(zhi)，互(hu)(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)牽制(zhi)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣相(xiang)(xiang)權(quan)削弱(ruo)，皇(huang)權(quan)提高(gao)。“六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)” 作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)職能部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)，隸屬尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)下(xia)。東(dong)漢(han)時(shi)(shi)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)由秘(mi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)處變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)府后(hou)(hou)(hou)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)增多，于是分(fen)(fen)曹(cao)(cao)治事(shi)(shi)(shi)，每曹(cao)(cao)設(she)(she)(she)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)人，這(zhe)(zhe)就是后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)各部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前身。但(dan)至南北(bei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)，部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曹(cao)(cao)尚(shang)(shang)無定制(zhi)。隋朝(chao)(chao)(chao)始根據周代(dai)(dai) “六(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)” 之(zhi)說(shuo)，定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)(li)、戶、禮(li)、兵(bing)、刑、工等六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，各部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)首長(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，次長(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侍(shi)郎。六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職掌(zhang)(zhang)大(da)致是：吏(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任免、考察、升(sheng)降等; 戶部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管土地、戶口(kou)、賦(fu)稅、財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)等; 禮(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管典禮(li)、科舉、學校(xiao)等; 兵(bing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管軍政(zheng)(zheng); 刑部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管刑法獄訟等; 工部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)管工程、建筑、屯田、水利(li)等。六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)(she)立后(hou)(hou)(hou)，原(yuan)來(lai) “九卿(qing)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職權(quan)變小，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至被(bei)撤銷(xiao)。宋代(dai)(dai)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，歷代(dai)(dai)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)與名(ming)稱(cheng)不無變化，“三(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)勢(shi)也(ye)互(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)消長(chang)，明太祖甚至廢除了宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)，六(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)直接向皇(huang)帝負責，但(dan)隋唐設(she)(she)(she)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)(fen)職、相(xiang)(xiang)權(quan)分(fen)(fen)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)體系卻基本未變。

“三省六部制”指的是哪三省和六部。三省指：中書省、門下省、尚書省。六部指：尚書省下屬的吏部、戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、工部。每部各轄四司，共為二十四司。

三省(sheng)六部(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)是西漢以(yi)后長期發展(zhan)形成，至隋朝正式確(que)立的一種(zhong)政治(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度，完善于(yu)唐朝，此后一直到清末(mo)，六部(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)本沿襲未(wei)改。

尚書省形成于東漢(時稱尚書臺);中書省和門下省形成于三國時，目的在于分割和限制尚書省的權力。漢成帝置"四曹尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)"，即常(chang)侍(shi)曹、二千(qian)(qian)石(shi)曹、民(min)(min)曹、客曹尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)。此后世六部尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之濫觴(shang)。宋鄭樵《通志(zhi)·職(zhi)官略》三(san)《尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)總序》:"漢成帝初置尚(shang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)五人(ren)，其(qi)一(yi)人(ren)為(wei)仆射(she)，四人(ren)分為(wei)四曹。常(chang)侍(shi)曹，主公卿;二千(qian)(qian)石(shi)曹，主郡(jun)國二千(qian)(qian)石(shi);民(min)(min)曹，主凡吏(li)民(min)(min)上書(shu)(shu)(shu);客曹，主外國夷狄。"

1086年，北宋反變法派執政，改為三省共同議事，奏請取旨，分省治事行下，實際上使三省合一，后習慣上常統稱三省。南宋公元1129年，又實行三省合一，二十四司也時或省并，如1129年以禮部兼主客，祠部兼膳部，兵部兼職方，駕部兼庫部，比部兼司門，工部兼虞部，屯田兼農部等，還省并若干寺監入六部。公元1163年，又進一步省并六部下屬諸司，如以司封兼司勛，禮部兼祠部，兵部兼駕部，都官兼比部，工部兼屯田等。遼代南面官系統中，設三省六部(其中"中書省"初名"政事省")，設官同于宋制。金、元、明只設一省六部，一省，金為尚書省;元、明為中書省。1380年明朝罷中書省，分中書省之權歸于六部。至此，六部取代了三省六部制。

明初不(bu)設中(zhong)書令(ling)，仍以中(zhong)書省(sheng)統六(liu)(liu)部(bu)，長(chang)官稱左右丞相(xiang)。太(tai)祖(zu)洪武十(shi)三(san)年，誅胡惟庸(yong)，廢(fei)丞相(xiang)，撤(che)銷中(zhong)書省(sheng)，六(liu)(liu)部(bu)直接對皇帝負責(ze)。至(zhi)此，三(san)省(sheng)六(liu)(liu)部(bu)制的三(san)省(sheng)徹底廢(fei)止。清沿明制，以六(liu)(liu)部(bu)尚書任天下事，其上(shang)先(xian)后(hou)有(you)議(yi)政(zheng)王(wang)大臣(chen)會議(yi)、南書房、軍機處。辛亥革命后(hou)，廢(fei)除帝制，采(cai)用(yong)共和制，至(zhi)此，三(san)省(sheng)六(liu)(liu)部(bu)制退出歷史舞臺。

三(san)(san)省六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)是什么？三(san)(san)省六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)：三(san)(san)省六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)省六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)是隋代(dai)至唐初(chu)建立起來的(de)中(zhong)樞體制(zhi)(zhi)，是中(zhong)國古代(dai)繼(ji)秦漢(han)三(san)(san)公九卿制(zhi)(zhi)之后又一(yi)套行之有效、影響(xiang)深遠的(de)政治制(zhi)(zhi)度。三(san)(san)省指(zhi)中(zhong)書(shu)省、門下(xia)省、尚書(shu)省，六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)指(zhi)尚書(shu)省下(xia)屬的(de)吏部(bu)(bu)、戶(hu)部(bu)(bu)、禮部(bu)(bu)、兵部(bu)(bu)、刑部(bu)(bu)、工部(bu)(bu)。每(mei)部(bu)(bu)各轄(xia)四司(si)，共為二十四司(si)。

擴(kuo)展資(zi)料(liao)以(yi)六部(bu)為(wei)(wei)主體的(de)行政文書制定(ding)(ding)與處(chu)理機構，包括(kuo)尚書都(dou)省的(de)六部(bu)二十四司。主要(yao)以(yi)國(guo)家法令(ling)為(wei)(wei)依據，制定(ding)(ding)并處(chu)理所負責的(de)行政文書。六部(bu)各設一名(ming)長官尚書，并設侍郎作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)尚書的(de)助手。

尚書(shu)(shu)都省(sheng)的(de)(de)六部(bu)二十四司是行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)處理部(bu)門(men)，中書(shu)(shu)省(sheng)是國家最(zui)高(gao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)令制作(zuo)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)部(bu)門(men)，而對行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文書(shu)(shu)與最(zui)高(gao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)令的(de)(de)審核權則在門(men)下省(sheng)，如(ru)無門(men)下省(sheng)的(de)(de)審核認可，將無法實現(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)令的(de)(de)發布與行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)執行。門(men)下省(sheng)憑借著這種特殊地位成(cheng)為唐初三省(sheng)六部(bu)行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中的(de)(de)最(zui)關鍵一(yi)環(huan)。

門下省官(guan)員在有關國家(jia)政務的(de)(de)公文書上下過程中(zhong)所(suo)擁有的(de)(de)審查(cha)和把關的(de)(de)職權。

參考資料：-三(san)省六部制(zhi)

參考資料：人民網-唐代的權力制衡 三省六部制影響深遠

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