威克卷十一
威克卷十一
【原文】
履(lv)虎不咥,鞭龍得珠(zhu)。豈曰溟涬,厥有奇(qi)謀(mou)。集《威克(ke)》。
【譯文】
踩住老虎的(de)尾巴,它就(jiu)不能再咬人;鞭打龍(long)的(de)腦袋(dai),它就(jiu)會吐(tu)出口中的(de)寶珠。這(zhe)哪(na)里是(shi)靠神明(ming)的(de)保佑(you),是(shi)因為他們有制服龍(long)虎的(de)智謀。因此集《威克(ke)》卷。
班超出使西域
【原文】
竇固(gu)(gu)出擊匈(xiong)奴(nu),以(yi)(yi)班超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)為(wei)(wei)假司馬(ma)(ma),將兵(bing)別擊伊吾(wu),戰于蒲(pu)類海,多斬首(shou)虜(lu)而還(huan)。固(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)能,遣(qian)與從(cong)事(shi)郭恂(xun)俱使(shi)(shi)(shi)西域(yu)。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)到鄯善(shan),鄯善(shan)王(wang)(wang)廣(guang)奉(feng)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)禮(li)(li)敬(jing)甚備,后(hou)(hou)忽(hu)更疏懈。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官屬(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue):“寧(ning)覺廣(guang)禮(li)(li)意(yi)薄(bo)乎(hu)?此(ci)(ci)必有(you)(you)(you)北虜(lu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)來,狐疑(yi)未(wei)知所(suo)從(cong)故也。明(ming)(ming)者睹未(wei)萌,況已著耶(ye)?”乃(nai)(nai)(nai)召侍胡,詐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“匈(xiong)奴(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)來數日(ri),今(jin)(jin)安在(zai)?”侍胡惶(huang)恐,具(ju)服其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)狀(zhuang)。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)閉侍胡,悉(xi)會(hui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吏(li)(li)(li)士(shi)三(san)十六人,與共飲,酒酣,因激怒(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)曹與我俱在(zai)西域(yu),欲立大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)求(qiu)富貴,今(jin)(jin)虜(lu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)到數日(ri),而王(wang)(wang)廣(guang)禮(li)(li)敬(jing)即(ji)廢(fei),如(ru)令(ling)(ling)鄯善(shan)收(shou)吾(wu)屬(shu)(shu)送匈(xiong)奴(nu),骸骨長為(wei)(wei)豺(chai)狼食矣(yi),為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)(he)?”官屬(shu)(shu)皆曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)(jin)危亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,死生從(cong)司馬(ma)(ma)。”超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)曰(yue)(yue):“不入(ru)虎(hu)穴,焉得虎(hu)子!當(dang)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計,獨有(you)(you)(you)因夜(ye)以(yi)(yi)火(huo)攻虜(lu),使(shi)(shi)(shi)彼不知我多少,必大(da)(da)震(zhen)怖,可殄盡也!滅(mie)此(ci)(ci)虜(lu),則鄯善(shan)破(po)膽(dan)(dan),功(gong)(gong)(gong)成事(shi)立矣(yi)!”眾(zhong)(zhong)曰(yue)(yue):“當(dang)與從(cong)事(shi)議之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)怒(nu)曰(yue)(yue):“吉兇決于今(jin)(jin)日(ri),從(cong)事(shi)文俗吏(li)(li)(li),聞此(ci)(ci)必恐而謀泄,死無(wu)所(suo)名,非壯士(shi)也。”眾(zhong)(zhong)曰(yue)(yue):“善(shan)。”初夜(ye),遂將吏(li)(li)(li)士(shi)往(wang)奔虜(lu)營,〔邊批(pi):古今(jin)(jin)第一(yi)大(da)(da)膽(dan)(dan)。〕會(hui)天大(da)(da)風,超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)令(ling)(ling)十人持(chi)鼓,藏虜(lu)舍后(hou)(hou),約(yue)曰(yue)(yue):“見火(huo)然后(hou)(hou)鳴鼓大(da)(da)呼。”余人悉(xi)持(chi)弓(gong)弩,夾門而伏,〔邊批(pi):三(san)十六人用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)千萬人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢。〕超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)順風縱火(huo),前后(hou)(hou)鼓噪。虜(lu)眾(zhong)(zhong)驚亂,超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)手(shou)格殺三(san)人,吏(li)(li)(li)兵(bing)斬其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)及從(cong)士(shi)三(san)十余級,余眾(zhong)(zhong)百(bai)許(xu)人,悉(xi)燒死。明(ming)(ming)日(ri)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)還(huan)告(gao)郭恂(xun),恂(xun)大(da)(da)驚,既而色動,超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi),舉手(shou)曰(yue)(yue):“掾雖不行,班超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)何(he)(he)心獨擅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?”恂(xun)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)悅,超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)于是(shi)召鄯善(shan)王(wang)(wang)廣(guang),以(yi)(yi)虜(lu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)首(shou)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)國震(zhen)怖,超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)曉告(gao)撫慰,遂納子為(wei)(wei)質,還(huan)奏于竇固(gu)(gu)。固(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)喜,具(ju)上(shang)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效,并求(qiu)更選使(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)西域(yu),帝(di)壯超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)節(jie),詔固(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue):“吏(li)(li)(li)如(ru)班超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),何(he)(he)故不遣(qian)而更選乎(hu)?今(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)為(wei)(wei)軍(jun)司馬(ma)(ma),令(ling)(ling)遂前功(gong)(gong)(gong)。”超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)復受使(shi)(shi)(shi),〔邊批(pi):明(ming)(ming)主。〕因欲益(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing),超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)曰(yue)(yue):“愿將本所(suo)從(cong)三(san)十余人足矣(yi)。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)不虞,多益(yi)為(wei)(wei)累。”是(shi)時于闐王(wang)(wang)廣(guang)德(de)(de)新攻破(po)莎車,遂雄張(zhang)南道,而匈(xiong)奴(nu)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)監護其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)既西,先至于闐,廣(guang)德(de)(de)禮(li)(li)意(yi)甚疏,且其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)俗信巫(wu),巫(wu)言神怒(nu):“何(he)(he)故欲向(xiang)漢(han)?漢(han)使(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)騧馬(ma)(ma),急求(qiu)取以(yi)(yi)祠我。”廣(guang)德(de)(de)乃(nai)(nai)(nai)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)就超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)請馬(ma)(ma),超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)密知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)狀(zhuang),報(bao)許(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而令(ling)(ling)巫(wu)自來取馬(ma)(ma),有(you)(you)(you)頃(qing),巫(wu)至,超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)即(ji)斬其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)首(shou)以(yi)(yi)送廣(guang)德(de)(de),因辭讓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。廣(guang)德(de)(de)素(su)聞超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)在(zai)鄯善(shan)誅滅(mie)虜(lu)使(shi)(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)惶(huang)恐,即(ji)攻殺匈(xiong)奴(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)而降(jiang)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)重賜(si)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)下,因鎮撫焉。
【譯文】
東(dong)漢竇固(gu)(gu)(gu)攻打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),任(ren)(ren)命班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)為(wei)代理司馬,另(ling)率一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支部(bu)(bu)隊攻打伊吾,與匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)軍大(da)戰于(yu)(yu)浦類海,斬殺(sha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)很(hen)(hen)多匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)回(hui)營(ying)。竇固(gu)(gu)(gu)認為(wei)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)才(cai)能,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)派(pai)(pai)他(ta)(ta)與郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)出(chu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)很(hen)(hen)熱烈地(di)(di)歡迎他(ta)(ta)。后(hou)來(lai)突(tu)然(ran)(ran)變(bian)得(de)疏遠冷淡(dan)(dan)(dan)。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)部(bu)(bu)下(xia)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“難道(dao)你們(men)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)感(gan)覺鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)對(dui)我(wo)們(men)疏遠冷淡(dan)(dan)(dan)嗎(ma)?一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)因有(you)(you)(you)(you)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao),使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)猶豫不決,不知(zhi)道(dao)要親善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)哪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方的(de)(de)(de)緣故。明(ming)于(yu)(yu)事(shi)理的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)事(shi)情(qing)還(huan)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)發生(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能感(gan)覺到(dao)(dao)(dao),更(geng)何況(kuang)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)事(shi)情(qing)已經(jing)(jing)很(hen)(hen)明(ming)顯了(le)(le)(le)(le)呢!”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)召來(lai)招待(dai)漢朝(chao)(chao)(chao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)臣的(de)(de)(de)侍(shi)衛官,欺騙他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)已經(jing)(jing)來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)好(hao)(hao)幾天(tian)(tian),現(xian)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)(ta)們(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)哪里?”侍(shi)衛官聽了(le)(le)(le)(le)嚇一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)跳,只(zhi)好(hao)(hao)把(ba)(ba)事(shi)情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)原委全部(bu)(bu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)出(chu)來(lai)。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)將(jiang)(jiang)侍(shi)衛官關了(le)(le)(le)(le)起(qi)來(lai),立即召集(ji)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)屬(shu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共三(san)(san)十(shi)六人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)共同(tong)飲酒。當(dang)(dang)大(da)家喝到(dao)(dao)(dao)半(ban)醉時(shi)(shi)(shi),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)突(tu)然(ran)(ran)慷慨激昂(ang)地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“諸位跟我(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)西(xi)域(yu)(yu),目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)建立大(da)功(gong)以(yi)求(qiu)富貴(gui)。現(xian)在(zai)(zai)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)才(cai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)幾天(tian)(tian),鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)對(dui)我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)態(tai)(tai)度(du)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)變(bian)得(de)冷淡(dan)(dan)(dan),如果鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)把(ba)(ba)我(wo)們(men)逮捕后(hou)交(jiao)給匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu),那我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)骸就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)成為(wei)豺(chai)狼的(de)(de)(de)食物。你們(men)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)事(shi)該怎(zen)(zen)么辦?”部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聽,立即一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“如今(jin)(jin)我(wo)們(men)身(shen)(shen)陷危亡險(xian)地(di)(di),是(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)死(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切全部(bu)(bu)聽從(cong)司馬的(de)(de)(de)指揮。”這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)起(qi)身(shen)(shen)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“不入虎穴,焉得(de)虎子!為(wei)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)計,只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)半(ban)夜火(huo)(huo)(huo)攻匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),讓他(ta)(ta)們(men)摸不清(qing)我(wo)們(men)有(you)(you)(you)(you)多少(shao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),趁他(ta)(ta)們(men)心(xin)生(sheng)恐(kong)懼(ju)時(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)(jiang)他(ta)(ta)們(men)全部(bu)(bu)消滅(mie)。只(zhi)要除去匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)嚇破膽,那么我(wo)們(men)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)功(gong)成名就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”然(ran)(ran)而(er)部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)都說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“這(zhe)事(shi)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)和從(cong)事(shi)郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun)商量一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)。”班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)生(sheng)氣地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“成敗就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)晚。郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)文官,他(ta)(ta)聽說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)此事(shi)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定會(hui)害(hai)怕而(er)泄露機(ji)密,那么我(wo)們(men)死(si)得(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)價值,沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)道(dao)理,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不算(suan)英雄(xiong)好(hao)(hao)漢了(le)(le)(le)(le)!”眾部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)聽了(le)(le)(le)(le)后(hou)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“好(hao)(hao)。”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)在(zai)(zai)午夜時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke),率領所有(you)(you)(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)殺(sha)進(jin)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)地(di)(di)。正(zheng)(zheng)巧這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刮起(qi)大(da)風(feng),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)派(pai)(pai)十(shi)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)手持戰鼓(gu)躲在(zai)(zai)營(ying)地(di)(di)后(hou)面,約定見到(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)光(guang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)擊(ji)鼓(gu)高(gao)聲(sheng)(sheng)大(da)叫,其(qi)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)各拿弓箭,埋伏在(zai)(zai)營(ying)地(di)(di)大(da)門兩側。部(bu)(bu)署完(wan)畢(bi),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)順(shun)著風(feng)勢放火(huo)(huo)(huo),指揮擊(ji)鼓(gu)并大(da)聲(sheng)(sheng)喊叫。匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)慌失(shi)措,紛紛奪門而(er)逃。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)親手殺(sha)死(si)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)斬殺(sha)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)及部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)三(san)(san)十(shi)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)余一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)全被大(da)火(huo)(huo)(huo)燒死(si)。第二天(tian)(tian),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)把(ba)(ba)夜襲匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)營(ying)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)告訴郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun),起(qi)先郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun)大(da)為(wei)驚(jing)(jing)(jing)訝(ya),后(hou)來(lai)又(you)改變(bian)臉色(se)。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)已經(jing)(jing)看出(chu)郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)意,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)舉起(qi)手說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“你雖沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)參加昨夜的(de)(de)(de)戰役,但我(wo)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)又(you)怎(zen)(zen)么能獨居其(qi)功(gong)?”郭(guo)(guo)恂(xun)聽了(le)(le)(le)(le),頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)面露喜色(se)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)再(zai)要求(qiu)見鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang),把(ba)(ba)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)頭顱拿給他(ta)(ta)看,鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)上(shang)下(xia)為(wei)之(zhi)震驚(jing)(jing)(jing)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)極(ji)力(li)安撫開導鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)王(wang)(wang)(wang),終于(yu)(yu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)動(dong)他(ta)(ta)把(ba)(ba)兒子送(song)到(dao)(dao)(dao)漢朝(chao)(chao)(chao)為(wei)質。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)回(hui)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)將(jiang)(jiang)事(shi)情(qing)奏于(yu)(yu)竇固(gu)(gu)(gu)。竇固(gu)(gu)(gu)聽了(le)(le)(le)(le)非常高(gao)興,向(xiang)(xiang)皇上(shang)詳奏班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)績,并懇求(qiu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷另(ling)派(pai)(pai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)前往西(xi)域(yu)(yu)。明(ming)帝對(dui)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)膽識極(ji)表嘉許,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)詔令(ling)竇固(gu)(gu)(gu):“像(xiang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)官吏,為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么不任(ren)(ren)命為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)式的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)要另(ling)選他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)呢?”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)式任(ren)(ren)命班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)為(wei)軍司馬,以(yi)嘉勉他(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)所立的(de)(de)(de)奇功(gong)。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)再(zai)次出(chu)任(ren)(ren)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)。竇固(gu)(gu)(gu)想(xiang)增加班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)手下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)力(li),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)卻說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)只(zhi)要帶(dai)領以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)十(shi)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)足夠了(le)(le)(le)(le),如果發生(sheng)事(shi)件(jian),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)多反而(er)會(hui)更(geng)為(wei)牽累。”當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廣德剛剛攻占莎車,正(zheng)(zheng)想(xiang)向(xiang)(xiang)南擴張勢力(li),而(er)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)卻派(pai)(pai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)來(lai),準(zhun)備保護(hu)莎車。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)西(xi)域(yu)(yu)之(zhi)后(hou),先來(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)國(guo)(guo)。于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廣德對(dui)他(ta)(ta)們(men)態(tai)(tai)度(du)冷淡(dan)(dan)(dan),而(er)且當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)風(feng)俗(su)篤信巫術,有(you)(you)(you)(you)位巫師(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):天(tian)(tian)神正(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)發怒,“為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么我(wo)們(men)要投靠(kao)漢朝(chao)(chao)(chao)?漢朝(chao)(chao)(chao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)(you)淺(qian)黑色(se)的(de)(de)(de)馬,你們(men)趕緊要漢使(shi)(shi)(shi)獻馬祭神。”于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廣德就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)派(pai)(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)向(xiang)(xiang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)要馬,班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)早(zao)知(zhi)對(dui)方意圖(tu),便答應(ying)了(le)(le)(le)(le),但要巫師(shi)親自來(lai)取(qu)馬。不多時(shi)(shi)(shi),巫師(shi)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)卻將(jiang)(jiang)巫師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)頭砍(kan)下(xia)送(song)給于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廣德,并大(da)聲(sheng)(sheng)斥責他(ta)(ta)。于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廣德早(zao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)聽說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)在(zai)(zai)鄯(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)殺(sha)死(si)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如今(jin)(jin)又(you)親眼目睹,內心(xin)非常害(hai)怕,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)派(pai)(pai)兵(bing)殺(sha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并向(xiang)(xiang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)請降。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)賞賜了(le)(le)(le)(le)許多禮物給于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廣德及部(bu)(bu)下(xia),于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)(tian)國(guo)(guo)因此才(cai)被鎮服。
【夢龍評】
必如班定遠(yuan),方是滿腹(fu)皆(jie)(jie)兵,渾身是膽(dan)。趙子(zi)(zi)龍(long)、姜伯約(yue)不足道(dao)也。遼東管家(jia)莊,長男子(zi)(zi)不在(zai)舍,建(jian)州虜至,驅其妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)去。三數日(ri),壯者(zhe)歸,室(shi)皆(jie)(jie)空矣(yi)(yi),無以為生。欲傭工于人,弗售(shou)。乃謀入虜地伺之,見(jian)其妻(qi)(qi)出汲,密約(yue)夜以薪積舍戶外焚(fen)之,并積薪以焚(fen)其屋角(jiao)。火發,賊(zei)(zei)(zei)驚覺。裸(luo)體(ti)起出戶,壯者(zhe)射之,賊(zei)(zei)(zei)皆(jie)(jie)死。挈(qie)其妻(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi),取(qu)賊(zei)(zei)(zei)所有歸。是后他賊(zei)(zei)(zei)憚之,不敢(gan)過其莊云。此壯者(zhe)膽(dan)勇,一時(shi)何(he)減班定遠(yuan),使室(shi)家(jia)無恙;或傭工而售(shou),亦且(qie)安然不圖矣(yi)(yi)。人急計生,信(xin)夫!
【解評】
先下手為強講究快攻,是(shi)以迅雷不(bu)(bu)及掩耳之勢進行的閃電(dian)戰。因此,貴在出(chu)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)意,攻其(qi)不(bu)(bu)備。
哥舒翰、李光弼除惡
【原文】
唐哥舒(shu)翰(han)為(wei)安西(xi)(xi)節度(du)使(shi),差都(dou)兵馬使(shi)張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)上(shang)都(dou)奏事,逗留不返,納賄(hui)交(jiao)結(jie)楊(yang)國忠(zhong)。翰(han)適(shi)入(ru)朝,擢(zhuo)(zhuo)懼(ju),求國忠(zhong)除擢(zhuo)(zhuo)御史(shi)大夫兼劍南西(xi)(xi)川節度(du)使(shi)。敕下(xia),就第①謁(ye)翰(han)。翰(han)命部下(xia)捽②于庭(ting),數其罪,杖殺之,然后(hou)奏聞(wen)。帝下(xia)詔褒獎,仍賜擢(zhuo)(zhuo)尸,更(geng)令翰(han)決(jue)尸一(yi)百。〔邊批:圣主。〕
【譯文】
唐(tang)玄宗時,哥(ge)(ge)舒翰(han)出(chu)任安(an)西(xi)節度(du)使,有一次派都兵馬使張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)進京(jing)奏事,張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)竟逗留不歸,并賄賂結交(jiao)楊國忠。正巧哥(ge)(ge)舒翰(han)有事要入朝(chao)奏報,張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)心虛害怕(pa),就要求(qiu)楊國忠任命(ming)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)御史大夫兼劍南西(xi)川節度(du)使。朝(chao)廷(ting)的(de)(de)詔命(ming)下達(da)后(hou),張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)就親自到哥(ge)(ge)舒翰(han)的(de)(de)府第拜見。哥(ge)(ge)舒翰(han)一見張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)來,就命(ming)令手(shou)下將他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)抓到庭中,一一陳述他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)罪狀,再將他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)杖打而死,然后(hou)將處(chu)死張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)的(de)(de)經過奏報朝(chao)廷(ting)。玄宗下詔褒獎(jiang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)處(chu)理得當,還(huan)(huan)把張(zhang)擢(zhuo)(zhuo)的(de)(de)尸首賜還(huan)(huan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),讓他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)親手(shou)再鞭打尸首一百下。
【注釋】
①就第:指張(zhang)擢親自到哥(ge)舒翰在都之府第。
②捽(zuó):揪,抓。
【原文】
太原(yuan)節度(du)王承業,軍政不(bu)修。詔御史崔眾(zhong)交兵于河東,眾(zhong)侮易承業,或裹甲持槍突入承業廳事,玩謔之(zhi)。李(li)光(guang)(guang)弼(bi)聞(wen)之(zhi),素(su)不(bu)平(ping)。至是交眾(zhong)兵于光(guang)(guang)弼(bi),眾(zhong)以麾下(xia)來,光(guang)(guang)弼(bi)出迎,旌旗相(xiang)接(jie)而不(bu)避。李(li)光(guang)(guang)弼(bi)怒(nu)其(qi)(qi)無(wu)禮,又不(bu)即交兵,令(ling)收系(xi)之(zhi)。頃中使至,除(chu)眾(zhong)御史中丞,懷其(qi)(qi)敕(chi),問(wen)眾(zhong)所(suo)在,光(guang)(guang)弼(bi)曰:“眾(zhong)有罪(zui),系(xi)之(zhi)矣。”中使以敕(chi)示光(guang)(guang)弼(bi),光(guang)(guang)弼(bi)曰:“今(jin)只斬(zhan)(zhan)侍御史;若宣(xuan)制(zhi)命(ming)(ming),即斬(zhan)(zhan)中丞;若拜宰相(xiang),亦斬(zhan)(zhan)宰相(xiang)。”中使懼,遂寢之(zhi)而還(huan)。翼日,以兵仗圍(wei)眾(zhong)至碑堂下(xia),斬(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)。威震三軍,命(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)親屬吊之(zhi)。
【譯文】
太(tai)原(yuan)節度使王承業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)治(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)散漫。皇帝命御史崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)奉詔(zhao)接(jie)管王承業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)軍(jun)(jun)隊,轉交給河東節度使李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi),崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)十分輕(qing)視王承業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),甚至縱容自(zi)己的(de)部(bu)下全副武裝地(di)闖進王承業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)府衙(ya),開(kai)玩笑戲弄他(ta)。李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)聽(ting)說(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)件事后,一(yi)(yi)(yi)直憤憤不平(ping)。等到崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)將(jiang)王承業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)軍(jun)(jun)隊轉交給李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)時,由于(yu)(yu)崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)打著御史的(de)旗號而(er)來(lai),所以李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)只得(de)出營迎接(jie),兩軍(jun)(jun)旗幟相(xiang)遇,崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)卻不回避。李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)對于(yu)(yu)崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傲(ao)慢無禮非(fei)常氣憤,再加(jia)上崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)又不立即交出軍(jun)(jun)隊,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)派兵(bing)將(jiang)崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)抓了(le)(le)起(qi)來(lai)。這(zhe)時皇宮宦(huan)(huan)官(guan)來(lai)到河東,要任(ren)命崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)為御史中丞,并手持(chi)詔(zhao)書(shu)問李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi),崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)什么地(di)方?李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)答道:“崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)犯法,我已經將(jiang)他(ta)逮捕治(zhi)罪。”宦(huan)(huan)官(guan)把詔(zhao)書(shu)拿給李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)看,李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)說(shuo)(shuo):“現在(zai)只是(shi)斬殺(sha)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)侍御史;如(ru)按詔(zhao)命,那(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)等于(yu)(yu)殺(sha)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)御史中丞;如(ru)果(guo)他(ta)被任(ren)命為宰(zai)相(xiang),也就(jiu)(jiu)等于(yu)(yu)殺(sha)死一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)宰(zai)相(xiang)。”宦(huan)(huan)官(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)心(xin)里非(fei)常害(hai)怕(pa),就(jiu)(jiu)帶著詔(zhao)書(shu)回京。第二天,李(li)(li)光弼(bi)(bi)(bi)用(yong)兵(bing)仗將(jiang)崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)押到碑堂下斬殺(sha),威震(zhen)三軍(jun)(jun),還讓(rang)崔(cui)(cui)眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)親屬(shu)來(lai)祭吊(diao)。
【夢龍評】
或問(wen)(wen)擢(zhuo)與眾(zhong)誠有罪(zui),然已除西川(chuan)節(jie)度使(shi)及御(yu)史中(zhong)丞矣,其(qi)如王命何(he)?蓋軍事尚速,當用兵(bing)之(zhi)際而逗留不(bu)(bu)返、擁兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)交,皆死法也。二人之(zhi)除命必皆夤緣得之(zhi),而非出天子之(zhi)意者,故二將得伸其(qi)權,而無人議(yi)其(qi)后耳。然在今日,莫可問(wen)(wen)矣。
【解評】
斬草除根的目的是穩當(dang)地(di)消除危險因素,使(shi)其(qi)不能繼續(xu)為(wei)害,而不能簡單(dan)地(di)從個(ge)人目的上理解。如果把斬草除根簡單(dan)地(di)理解為(wei)滅(mie)口了事,那(nei)就還沒(mei)有理解這一智謀的實質。
張詠善治
【原文】
張詠(yong)在(zai)崇(chong)陽(yang),一(yi)(yi)吏(li)自(zi)庫中出,視其鬢旁下有一(yi)(yi)錢,詰之(zhi)(zhi),乃庫中錢也(ye)。詠(yong)命(ming)杖(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi),吏(li)勃然(ran)曰(yue):“一(yi)(yi)錢何足道,乃杖(zhang)我耶?爾能杖(zhang)我,不能斬(zhan)我也(ye)!”詠(yong)筆判(pan)云:“一(yi)(yi)日一(yi)(yi)錢,千日千錢,繩鋸木斷,水滴石穿。”自(zi)仗劍下階斬(zhan)其首。申(shen)府自(zi)劾。崇(chong)陽(yang)人(ren)至今傳之(zhi)(zhi)。
【譯文】
張(zhang)詠在(zai)崇(chong)陽(yang)為(wei)官(guan)時,有一(yi)(yi)次,一(yi)(yi)名官(guan)員(yuan)從府(fu)庫(ku)中走出,張(zhang)詠見(jian)他鬢發下(xia)夾帶一(yi)(yi)枚(mei)(mei)(mei)錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)(bi),就責問他,原來是府(fu)庫(ku)中的錢(qian)(qian)。張(zhang)詠命人杖打這名官(guan)員(yuan),官(guan)員(yuan)生(sheng)氣(qi)地說:“一(yi)(yi)枚(mei)(mei)(mei)錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)(bi)有什(shen)么了不(bu)起,竟然要鞭打我!量你也(ye)只敢打我,總不(bu)能殺我吧!”張(zhang)詠提(ti)筆判道:“一(yi)(yi)天取(qu)錢(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)枚(mei)(mei)(mei),千日(ri)后就已取(qu)得千枚(mei)(mei)(mei),長時間地累積,即(ji)使繩索(suo)也(ye)能鋸斷木(mu)條,滴水也(ye)能穿透石塊。”寫完,親自提(ti)著劍走下(xia)臺階(jie),斬(zhan)下(xia)那(nei)名官(guan)員(yuan)的頭,然后再到府(fu)衙自我彈劾(he)。崇(chong)陽(yang)百(bai)姓至今(jin)仍(reng)傳誦此事。
【原文】
詠(yong)知(zhi)益州時,嘗(chang)有小吏忤詠(yong),詠(yong)械其頸,吏恚(hui)曰(yue):“枷即易,脫(tuo)即難(nan)。”詠(yong)曰(yue):“脫(tuo)亦(yi)何(he)難(nan)?”即就枷斬之,吏俱悚(song)懼。
【譯文】
張(zhang)詠(yong)任益州(zhou)知府(fu)時,有(you)一名小(xiao)吏(li)冒犯(fan)張(zhang)詠(yong),張(zhang)詠(yong)命人在他脖子上(shang)(shang)戴(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)刑具,小(xiao)吏(li)生氣地(di)說:“你給我戴(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)刑具容易,但要我脫下(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)難了。”張(zhang)詠(yong)說:“脫下(xia)來有(you)何難處?”說完就(jiu)(jiu)砍下(xia)仍戴(dai)(dai)著枷鎖的(de)小(xiao)吏(li)的(de)腦袋,其他官吏(li)看后都悚懼(ju)不安。
【夢龍評】
若無此等(deng)膽決,強橫小人,何所不至?
【原文】
賊有(you)殺耕牛逃亡者,公許自首。拘(ju)其(qi)母,十日不出(chu),釋之;再拘(ju)其(qi)妻(qi),一(yi)宿(su)而來。公斷(duan)曰(yue):“拘(ju)母十夜(ye),留妻(qi)一(yi)宿(su),倚門之望何疏?結發之情何厚?”就市斬之。于是(shi)首身(shen)者繼至,并遣歸業(ye)。
【譯文】
有(you)名賊(zei)人(ren)殺(sha)了耕牛后畏罪逃逸,張(zhang)(zhang)詠(yong)答允(yun)賊(zei)人(ren)如(ru)果出(chu)(chu)面自(zi)首就不(bu)再追(zhui)究,但賊(zei)人(ren)卻一直不(bu)肯(ken)投案(an)(an)。張(zhang)(zhang)詠(yong)拘(ju)(ju)留(liu)賊(zei)人(ren)的(de)母(mu)親(qin)十天,見賊(zei)人(ren)仍不(bu)出(chu)(chu)面,就下令(ling)釋放他(ta)的(de)母(mu)親(qin),再拘(ju)(ju)留(liu)他(ta)的(de)妻子,僅一夜(ye),賊(zei)人(ren)就投案(an)(an)自(zi)首。張(zhang)(zhang)詠(yong)判道:“拘(ju)(ju)留(liu)母(mu)親(qin)十天都不(bu)來,拘(ju)(ju)留(liu)妻子一夜(ye)就前來自(zi)首,為(wei)什么母(mu)親(qin)的(de)養育之恩如(ru)此(ci)淡薄,夫妻結發之情如(ru)此(ci)濃厚?”于是在市(shi)集處(chu)斬賊(zei)人(ren)。而其他(ta)被判死罪的(de)人(ren)紛紛出(chu)(chu)面自(zi)首。張(zhang)(zhang)詠(yong)也實踐諾(nuo)言,命他(ta)們各自(zi)返(fan)鄉種(zhong)田。
【夢龍評】
袁了凡曰:“宋世馭守(shou)令之(zhi)寬(kuan),每以(yi)格外(wai)行事,法外(wai)殺人。故不肖者(zhe)或縱(zong)其(qi)(qi)惡,而豪杰(jie)亦往(wang)往(wang)得借以(yi)行其(qi)(qi)志。今守(shou)令之(zhi)權漸(jian)消,自(zi)笞(chi)十至(zhi)杖百(bai)僅得專決,而徒一年以(yi)上(shang),必(bi)申(shen)請待報(bao),往(wang)返詳(xiang)駁(bo),經(jing)旬累月。于是(shi)文案益繁(fan),而狴犴之(zhi)淹系者(zhe)亦多矣!”子猶曰:“自(zi)雕蟲取士,資格困人,原未嘗搜豪杰(jie)而汰不肖,安得不輕其(qi)(qi)權乎?吾于是(shi)益思漢治之(zhi)善也!”
【解評】
世上如果少(shao)了這(zhe)些有(you)膽量(liang),果斷的官員(yuan),強(qiang)橫小人(ren)更會為所欲為了。正所謂“殺雞給猴看”。
黃(huang)蓋(gai)肅石城 況鐘(zhong)鎮蘇(su)州
【原文】
黃蓋(gai)嘗為石(shi)(shi)城(cheng)長。石(shi)(shi)城(cheng)吏(li)特難檢(jian)御,蓋(gai)至(zhi),為置兩(liang)掾(yuan),分主諸曹,教曰(yue):“令長不(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de),徒以(yi)(yi)武功得官,不(bu)(bu)(bu)諳文吏(li)事(shi)。今寇未平(ping),多軍務,一切文書(shu),悉(xi)付兩(liang)掾(yuan),其為檢(jian)攝(she)諸曹,糾摘謬誤。若有奸欺者(zhe),終不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)鞭(bian)樸(pu)相加(jia)!”教下(xia),初皆怖懼(ju)恭職,久之,吏(li)以(yi)(yi)蓋(gai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)治文書(shu),頗(po)懈肆。蓋(gai)微(wei)省之,得兩(liang)掾(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)法各數(shu)(shu)事(shi),乃悉(xi)召諸掾(yuan),出數(shu)(shu)事(shi)詰問之,兩(liang)掾(yuan)叩頭謝,蓋(gai)曰(yue):“吾業有敕,終不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)鞭(bian)樸(pu)相加(jia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢欺也。”竟殺(sha)之,諸掾(yuan)自是(shi)股栗(li),一縣肅清。
【譯文】
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蓋(gai)曾擔任過石(shi)城(cheng)縣令。石(shi)城(cheng)的(de)屬(shu)(shu)吏(li)(li)特別難以(yi)統(tong)領管束。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蓋(gai)到任后(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)設置(zhi)兩個(ge)(ge)助(zhu)(zhu)手(shou),主管各(ge)(ge)曹事(shi)務(wu)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蓋(gai)召集所(suo)有僚(liao)(liao)屬(shu)(shu)說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)的(de)德(de)行淺(qian)薄,只是因(yin)為(wei)立了(le)戰功才得官職(zhi),所(suo)以(yi)根本不(bu)懂(dong)公文(wen)及官場。現(xian)在賊寇還沒有平(ping)息(xi),軍務(wu)繁(fan)重(zhong),所(suo)以(yi)一切文(wen)書全交付兩個(ge)(ge)助(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)處理,并負(fu)責督導各(ge)(ge)部(bu)門,糾舉僚(liao)(liao)屬(shu)(shu)失誤(wu)。如果(guo)有人虛偽欺瞞,我(wo)(wo)是不(bu)會(hui)用(yong)(yong)鞭(bian)杖(zhang)之刑的(de)。”命令宣布后(hou),剛開(kai)始各(ge)(ge)僚(liao)(liao)屬(shu)(shu)還能盡忠職(zhi)守,時間(jian)長(chang)了(le),有些屬(shu)(shu)吏(li)(li)認(ren)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蓋(gai)看不(bu)懂(dong)公文(wen),就(jiu)(jiu)開(kai)始怠(dai)惰(duo)放肆。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蓋(gai)略加注意后(hou),發(fa)覺兩個(ge)(ge)助(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)各(ge)(ge)有幾件(jian)不(bu)法(fa)的(de)事(shi),于是召集所(suo)有僚(liao)(liao)屬(shu)(shu),舉出不(bu)法(fa)的(de)事(shi)。兩個(ge)(ge)助(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)嚇得叩頭認(ren)錯(cuo),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蓋(gai)說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)早就(jiu)(jiu)有話在先,我(wo)(wo)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)鞭(bian)杖(zhang)打你們(men),我(wo)(wo)不(bu)敢誆(kuang)騙你們(men)。”說(shuo)完,竟下(xia)令斬首。各(ge)(ge)僚(liao)(liao)屬(shu)(shu)嚇得兩腿發(fa)抖,官府從(cong)此(ci)變得政治(zhi)清(qing)明(ming)。
【原文】
況鐘,字伯律(lv),南昌人(ren),始由小(xiao)吏(li)擢(zhuo)為(wei)郎,以(yi)(yi)三(san)楊特(te)薦為(wei)蘇州守。宣廟賜璽書,假便(bian)宜(yi)。初(chu)至郡,提控(kong)攜文(wen)書上,不問當否,便(bian)判“可”。吏(li)藐其無(wu)能,益滋弊竇(dou)。通判趙忱百方凌侮(wu),公(gong)惟(wei)“唯唯”。既期(qi)月,一(yi)旦命(ming)左右具香燭,呼禮生來,僚屬(shu)以(yi)(yi)下畢集(ji),公(gong)言,有敕未宣,今日可宣之(zhi):內有“僚屬(shu)不法,徑自拿問”之(zhi)語,于是諸吏(li)皆(jie)驚。禮畢,公(gong)升堂(tang),召府中(zhong)胥,聲言“某日一(yi)事,爾欺我,竊賄若干,然乎(hu)?某日亦如之(zhi),然乎(hu)?”群(qun)胥駭(hai)服,公(gong)曰:“吾不耐(nai)多煩!”命(ming)裸之(zhi),俾隸有力(li)者四(si)人(ren),舁(yu)一(yi)胥擲(zhi)空中(zhong)。立斃六(liu)人(ren),陳(chen)尸于市(shi)。上下股栗,蘇人(ren)革面。
【譯文】
況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong),字伯律,南(nan)昌(chang)人,最初(chu)由(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名小吏提升為(wei)郎中,最后(hou)由(you)于楊(yang)士(shi)奇、楊(yang)溥(pu)、楊(yang)榮的(de)推薦,當(dang)(dang)上了蘇(su)(su)州太守。宣宗(zong)曾(ceng)賜(si)他(ta)璽書(shu)(shu)(shu),準他(ta)可(ke)持璽書(shu)(shu)(shu)自行(xing)處理事務。況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)初(chu)到任(ren)時,小吏拿著文書(shu)(shu)(shu)來請示(shi),況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)不問(wen)事件對(dui)否(fou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)律批示(shi)“可(ke)以(yi)”。屬(shu)吏都認為(wei)他(ta)無能,以(yi)致諸弊叢生(sheng),漏洞(dong)越(yue)來越(yue)多。當(dang)(dang)時的(de)通判趙(zhao)忱(chen),更是對(dui)他(ta)百般嘲弄,但(dan)況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)卻(que)仍頻(pin)頻(pin)點頭稱(cheng)是。況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)到任(ren)滿一(yi)(yi)(yi)個月后(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)天,他(ta)命左右的(de)人準備香燭并召來禮官(guan)(guan),命全(quan)體(ti)僚(liao)屬(shu)集合,況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)說(shuo)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)封(feng)詔(zhao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)還(huan)沒(mei)有(you)宣布(bu)(bu),今天就(jiu)向大家宣布(bu)(bu)。當(dang)(dang)大家得(de)知(zhi)詔(zhao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)中有(you)“所屬(shu)官(guan)(guan)員(yuan)如果有(you)不法之事,況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)有(you)權自行(xing)審問(wen)”時,全(quan)都被嚇(xia)呆(dai)了。行(xing)禮完畢后(hou),況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)升堂(tang),召來府中書(shu)(shu)(shu)記官(guan)(guan),厲聲質問(wen)道:“某(mou)日發生(sheng)某(mou)事,你背著我(wo)曾(ceng)收受賄款若(ruo)干,可(ke)有(you)此(ci)事?某(mou)日也(ye)是如此(ci),對(dui)嗎?”群吏不由(you)既(ji)怕又服。況(kuang)(kuang)鐘(zhong)說(shuo):“我(wo)這(zhe)個人最沒(mei)耐性(xing)。”說(shuo)完,命人剝下(xia)貪吏的(de)衣服,再命四名力(li)士(shi)將貪吏拋舉空中摔(shuai)地(di)而死(si),一(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)兒就(jiu)處死(si)了六人,并將尸(shi)首陳列市集。大小官(guan)(guan)員(yuan)都嚇(xia)得(de)腿(tui)打哆嗦,此(ci)后(hou)蘇(su)(su)州的(de)官(guan)(guan)吏都洗心革面,改正(zheng)前(qian)非。
【夢龍評】
蓋(gai)武人,鐘小吏,而(er)其作用(yong)如此。此可以(yi)愧(kui)口給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)人,矜莊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大吏矣!王晉(jin)溪云:“司衡者,要識拔(ba)真(zhen)才(cai)而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),甲未必優(you)于科(ke),科(ke)未必皆(jie)優(you)于貢,而(er)甲與科(ke)、貢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),又未必無奇才(cai)異能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)。必試之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)事,而(er)后可見。如黃福以(yi)歲貢,楊(yang)士(shi)奇以(yi)儒(ru)士(shi),胡(hu)儼以(yi)舉人,此皆(jie)表(biao)表(biao)名(ming)臣也。國初,馮堅以(yi)典(dian)史而(er)推都(dou)御史,王興宗以(yi)直廳而(er)歷布政使,唯為(wei)(wei)官擇人,不(bu)為(wei)(wei)人擇官,所以(yi)能盡一世(shi)人才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)耳(er)!”
況守時,府治被(bei)火(huo)焚,文(wen)卷悉(xi)燼,遺火(huo)者,一(yi)吏(li)也。火(huo)熄(xi),況守出坐(zuo)礫場上(shang),呼吏(li)痛杖一(yi)百,喝使(shi)歸(gui)舍,亟自(zi)草奏(zou),一(yi)力(li)歸(gui)罪己(ji)躬,更(geng)不(bu)以(yi)累吏(li)也。初吏(li)自(zi)知當(dang)死,況守嘆(tan)曰:“此(ci)固太守事(shi)也,小(xiao)吏(li)何足當(dang)哉!”奏(zou)上(shang),罪止罰(fa)俸。公之周旋小(xiao)吏(li)如此(ci),所以(yi)威(wei)行(xing)而(er)無怨(yuan)。使(shi)以(yi)今(jin)人(ren)(ren)處此(ci),即(ji)自(zi)己(ji)之罪尚欲推之下人(ren)(ren),況肯(ken)代人(ren)(ren)受(shou)過乎?公之品(pin),于是不(bu)可及(ji)矣!
【解評】
黃蓋為武將(jiang)出身,況鐘為小吏出身,但(dan)(dan)他們的(de)(de)做(zuo)法和見識使那些只會說不(bu)會做(zuo)的(de)(de)人感到慚愧。人才并不(bu)難(nan)得,每個人都有自己的(de)(de)才能(neng)和能(neng)力。但(dan)(dan)是否是人才,一定(ding)要經由(you)事實的(de)(de)驗證才能(neng)得知。
宗汝霖平抑物價
【原文】
金寇(kou)犯闕,鑾輿南幸。賊(zei)退(tui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宗公汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)尹開(kai)封(feng)。初至(zhi)(zhi),而物價騰貴,至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)倍于前(qian)者(zhe)。郡人(ren)病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公謂(wei)參佐(zuo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)易事,自都(dou)人(ren)率(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飲食為(wei)(wei)先,當治其(qi)所先,緩者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)憂于平也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”密使人(ren)問(wen)米(mi)麥(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且(qie)市之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。計其(qi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),與前(qian)此(ci)太平時初無(wu)(wu)甚(shen)(shen)增,乃呼(hu)庖人(ren)取(qu)面,令(ling)作(zuo)市肆(si)籠(long)(long)餅(bing)大小(xiao)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃取(qu)糯(nuo)米(mi)一斛,令(ling)監軍使臣(chen)如(ru)市酤醞酒,各(ge)估其(qi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而籠(long)(long)餅(bing)枚(mei)六錢(qian),酒每觚(gu)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)足,出(chu)勘市價。則(ze)餅(bing)二十(shi)(shi)(shi),酒二百也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),公先呼(hu)作(zuo)坊(fang)餅(bing)師至(zhi)(zhi),諷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“自我(wo)為(wei)(wei)舉子時來京師,今三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年矣,籠(long)(long)餅(bing)枚(mei)七(qi)錢(qian),而今二十(shi)(shi)(shi),何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),豈麥(mai)價高倍乎?”餅(bing)師曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“自都(dou)城經亂(luan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來,米(mi)麥(mai)起落,初無(wu)(wu)定(ding)價,因襲至(zhi)(zhi)此(ci),某不(bu)(bu)能(neng)違眾獨減,使賤市也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”公即(ji)出(chu)兵廚所作(zuo)餅(bing)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),且(qie)語之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)餅(bing)與汝(ru)(ru)所市重輕(qing)一等,而我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目下市直,會計薪面工值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費,枚(mei)止(zhi)(zhi)六錢(qian),若(ruo)市八錢(qian),則(ze)有(you)(you)二錢(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)息(xi),今為(wei)(wei)將(jiang)出(chu)令(ling),止(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)八錢(qian),敢擅增此(ci)價而市者(zhe),罪應(ying)處(chu)斬,且(qie)借(jie)汝(ru)(ru)頭(tou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行吾令(ling)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”〔邊批:出(chu)令(ling)足矣,斬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)曹瞞故智,毋乃太甚(shen)(shen)?〕即(ji)斬以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)徇,明(ming)日餅(bing)價仍(reng)舊,亦無(wu)(wu)敢閉(bi)肆(si)者(zhe)。次日呼(hu)官(guan)沽任(ren)修武至(zhi)(zhi),訊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今都(dou)城糯(nuo)米(mi)價不(bu)(bu)增,而酒值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)倍,何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?”任(ren)恐悚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“某等開(kai)張(zhang)承業(ye),欲罷不(bu)(bu)能(neng),而都(dou)城自遭寇(kou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來,外居(ju)宗室(shi)及(ji)權貴親(qin)屬私(si)釀(niang)甚(shen)(shen)多,不(bu)(bu)如(ru)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輸納官(guan)曲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與工役(yi)油(you)燭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”公曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“我(wo)為(wei)(wei)汝(ru)(ru)盡禁(jin)私(si)釀(niang),汝(ru)(ru)減值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百錢(qian),亦有(you)(you)利入乎?”任(ren)叩額曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“若(ruo)爾,則(ze)飲者(zhe)俱集(ji)(ji),多中取(qu)息(xi),足辦輸役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費。”公熟視久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“且(qie)寄汝(ru)(ru)頭(tou)頸上,出(chu)率(lv)汝(ru)(ru)曹即(ji)換招榜,一觚(gu)止(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)百錢(qian),是(shi)不(bu)(bu)患乎私(si)醞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攙奪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)!”明(ming)日出(chu)令(ling):“敢有(you)(you)私(si)造曲酒者(zhe),捕至(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)問(wen)多寡,并行處(chu)斬。”于是(shi)傾糟破觚(gu)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)勝其(qi)數。數日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,酒與餅(bing)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既并復(fu)舊,其(qi)他(ta)物價不(bu)(bu)令(ling)而次第(di)自減,既不(bu)(bu)傷市人(ren),而商旅(lv)四集(ji)(ji),兵民歡(huan)呼(hu),稱為(wei)(wei)神(shen)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。時杜充守北(bei)京,號(hao)“南宗北(bei)杜”云。
【譯文】
北宋時(shi),金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)犯(fan)京(jing)師(shi)(shi),皇(huang)帝逃到(dao)(dao)南方。金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)退兵后(hou)(hou)(hou),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)奉(feng)命(ming)任開(kai)(kai)封(feng)府尹。初(chu)到(dao)(dao)開(kai)(kai)封(feng)時(shi),物價(jia)(jia)(jia)暴漲,價(jia)(jia)(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幾乎要比以(yi)(yi)(yi)前貴(gui)上(shang)(shang)十(shi)倍,百(bai)(bai)姓很(hen)是擔憂(you)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)對屬下(xia)(xia)說(shuo)(shuo):“這是很(hen)容易的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情,人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)食為先,先從解決日常飲(yin)食開(kai)(kai)始(shi),等民生物資價(jia)(jia)(jia)格平穩后(hou)(hou)(hou),其(qi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物價(jia)(jia)(jia)還怕不(bu)回(hui)跌(die)嗎?”于(yu)(yu)是暗中(zhong)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)(dao)市(shi)集(ji)(ji)購買(mai)米(mi)面,回(hui)來(lai)估算(suan)(suan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格,和以(yi)(yi)(yi)前太平時(shi)相差無幾。于(yu)(yu)是召來(lai)府中(zhong)廚役(yi),命(ming)他(ta)(ta)制(zhi)作(zuo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種大小(xiao)尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),另外取(qu)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)斛糯米(mi),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)命(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)(dao)市(shi)集(ji)(ji)購買(mai)一(yi)(yi)斛糯米(mi)所(suo)能(neng)釀成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)(jiu),結果計算(suan)(suan)出(chu)每(mei)塊(kuai)糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本是六錢(qian)(qian)(qian),每(mei)觚酒(jiu)(jiu)是七十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),但一(yi)(yi)般市(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)卻(que)(que)是糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)二(er)十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),酒(jiu)(jiu)二(er)百(bai)(bai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)先召來(lai)作(zuo)坊間制(zhi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師(shi)(shi)傅,質問他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo):“從我(wo)中(zhong)舉人(ren)(ren)(ren)后(hou)(hou)(hou)入(ru)京(jing),到(dao)(dao)今天已經三十(shi)年(nian)了(le)(le)。當初(chu)每(mei)塊(kuai)糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)七錢(qian)(qian)(qian),現在卻(que)(que)漲到(dao)(dao)二(er)十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。這是為什(shen)么呢?難道(dao)是谷(gu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)高漲了(le)(le)好幾倍?”糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)師(shi)(shi)傅說(shuo)(shuo):“自從京(jing)師(shi)(shi)遭(zao)逢戰火后(hou)(hou)(hou),米(mi)麥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格時(shi)起時(shi)落沒(mei)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定,但糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格卻(que)(que)一(yi)(yi)直沿襲過(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高價(jia)(jia)(jia)而沒(mei)有(you)(you)改(gai)變,我(wo)也不(bu)能(neng)擾亂市(shi)場(chang)(chang),獨自降價(jia)(jia)(jia)。”宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)命(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)拿(na)出(chu)廚役(yi)所(suo)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),對那(nei)(nei)名(ming)師(shi)(shi)傅說(shuo)(shuo):“這餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和你(ni)所(suo)賣(mai)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量相同,而我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)現今成本加(jia)上(shang)(shang)燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柴(chai)重(zhong)新計算(suan)(suan)后(hou)(hou)(hou),每(mei)塊(kuai)糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本是六錢(qian)(qian)(qian),如果賣(mai)八錢(qian)(qian)(qian),那(nei)(nei)么就有(you)(you)二(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利潤。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)從今天開(kai)(kai)始(shi)我(wo)下(xia)(xia)令,每(mei)塊(kuai)糕(gao)(gao)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)只能(neng)賣(mai)八錢(qian)(qian)(qian),誰敢(gan)(gan)擅自加(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)就判(pan)死罪。現在請借給我(wo)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)頭,以(yi)(yi)(yi)執(zhi)行(xing)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)令。”說(shuo)(shuo)完下(xia)(xia)令處斬(zhan)(zhan),并將廚師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)頭掛在市(shi)場(chang)(chang)里(li)。第(di)二(er)天,餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)價(jia)(jia)(jia)回(hui)復舊價(jia)(jia)(jia),也沒(mei)有(you)(you)任何一(yi)(yi)家商戶敢(gan)(gan)罷市(shi)。又過(guo)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)天,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)召來(lai)掌官酒(jiu)(jiu)買(mai)賣(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任修武,對他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo):“現在京(jing)師(shi)(shi)糯米(mi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格并沒(mei)有(you)(you)漲,但酒(jiu)(jiu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)卻(que)(que)漲了(le)(le)三倍,是什(shen)么原(yuan)因呢?”任修武惶恐地(di)答道(dao):“我(wo)們開(kai)(kai)張(zhang)售樓,想(xiang)不(bu)干都(dou)(dou)不(bu)行(xing)。自從京(jing)師(shi)(shi)遭(zao)金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)入(ru)侵后(hou)(hou)(hou),皇(huang)室及有(you)(you)權有(you)(you)勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親屬私(si)自釀酒(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很(hen)多(duo),不(bu)加(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)無法繳(jiao)納(na)官稅,發放(fang)工人(ren)(ren)(ren)工資、照明(ming)燭火等開(kai)(kai)支(zhi)費用(yong)。”宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)說(shuo)(shuo):“如果我(wo)為你(ni)取(qu)締(di)私(si)酒(jiu)(jiu),而你(ni)減價(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),是否還有(you)(you)利潤呢?”任修武叩頭說(shuo)(shuo):“如果真能(neng)取(qu)締(di)私(si)酒(jiu)(jiu),那(nei)(nei)么百(bai)(bai)姓都(dou)(dou)會向我(wo)買(mai)酒(jiu)(jiu),薄(bo)利多(duo)銷(xiao),應該(gai)足(zu)夠支(zhi)付稅款(kuan)及其(qi)他(ta)(ta)費用(yong)。”宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)審視他(ta)(ta)許久(jiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),說(shuo)(shuo):“你(ni)這顆(ke)腦袋暫且(qie)寄(ji)存在你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脖子上(shang)(shang),你(ni)趕緊帶著你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手下(xia)(xia)換貼公告:一(yi)(yi)觚只賣(mai)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),那(nei)(nei)你(ni)所(suo)擔心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)酒(jiu)(jiu)猖獗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情形就不(bu)會再危害(hai)你(ni)了(le)(le)。”第(di)二(er)天,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)汝(ru)(ru)霖(lin)貼出(chu)告示:“凡敢(gan)(gan)私(si)自釀酒(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe),一(yi)(yi)經查獲,不(bu)論數量多(duo)少(shao),一(yi)(yi)律處斬(zhan)(zhan)。”于(yu)(yu)是釀私(si)酒(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)紛紛將酒(jiu)(jiu)倒掉并搗(dao)毀酒(jiu)(jiu)器。短(duan)短(duan)幾天之內,餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)都(dou)(dou)恢復舊價(jia)(jia)(jia),而其(qi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物價(jia)(jia)(jia)也紛紛下(xia)(xia)跌(die)。這樣一(yi)(yi)來(lai),既不(bu)干擾市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易,又吸(xi)引(yin)各(ge)地(di)商人(ren)(ren)(ren)云集(ji)(ji),百(bai)(bai)姓高興地(di)推舉他(ta)(ta)為“神明(ming)之政”。當時(shi)杜充防守(shou)北京(jing),治理(li)得也很(hen)好,人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱“南宗(zong)(zong)(zong)北杜”。
【夢龍評】
借餅師頭雖似慘,然禁(jin)私釀,平(ping)物價,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)令出(chu)推行全(quan)不(bu)費力者(zhe),皆在(zai)于此。亦(yi)所(suo)(suo)謂權(quan)以(yi)濟(ji)難者(zhe)乎?當(dang)湖馮(feng)汝弼(bi)《祐山(shan)雜記》云:“甲辰(chen)兇荒(huang)之(zhi)后(hou),邑(yi)人(ren)行乞者(zhe)什(shen)(shen)之(zhi)三,逋負(fu)者(zhe)什(shen)(shen)之(zhi)九。明年,本府(fu)趙(zhao)(zhao)通(tong)判臨(lin)縣催征(zheng),命選竹板重七斤(jin)、桚長三寸者(zhe),邑(yi)人(ren)大恐(kong),或誑行乞者(zhe)曰:‘趙(zhao)(zhao)公領(ling)府(fu)庫銀三千(qian)兩(liang)來(lai)賑濟(ji),汝何不(bu)往(wang)?’行乞者(zhe)更相傳播,須臾數百人(ren)相率(lv)詣趙(zhao)(zhao)。趙(zhao)(zhao)不(bu)容入,則叫號(hao)跳躍,一擁而(er)進,逋負(fu)者(zhe)隨之(zhi),逐隸人(ren),毀刑具(ju),呼聲震動。趙(zhao)(zhao)惶懼莫知所(suo)(suo)措(cuo)。余與上莘輩聞(wen)變趨入,趙(zhao)(zhao)意稍安,延入后(hou)堂。則擊門(men)排闥(ta),勢益(yi)猖獗。問欲何為(wei),行乞者(zhe)曰:‘求(qiu)賑濟(ji)。’逋負(fu)者(zhe)曰:‘求(qiu)免(mian)征(zheng)。’趙(zhao)(zhao)問為(wei)首者(zhe)姓名,余曰:‘勿(wu)問也(ye),知其姓名,彼(bi)慮后(hou)禍,禍反(fan)不(bu)測(ce),姑順之(zhi)耳。’于是出(chu)免(mian)征(zheng)牌(pai),及縣備豆餅數百以(yi)進,未(wei)及門(men)輒搶去,行乞者(zhe)率(lv)不(bu)得食(shi)。抵暮,余輩出(chu),則號(hao)呼愈甚,突(tu)入后(hou)堂矣!趙(zhao)(zhao)慮有他變,逾墻宵遁。自(zi)是民頗(po)驕縱無忌(ji)。又二月,太守(shou)郭(guo)平(ping)川應奎推為(wei)首者(zhe)數人(ren)于法(fa),即惕然相戒,莫敢復犯矣。向使趙(zhao)(zhao)不(bu)嚴(yan)刑,未(wei)必致(zhi)變;郭(guo)不(bu)正法(fa),何由弭亂?寬嚴(yan)操縱,唯(wei)識(shi)時務者(zhe)知之(zhi)。”
【解評】
宗汝(ru)霖借蛋糕師(shi)傅的人頭(tou)的做法,雖然(ran)看來有(you)些(xie)殘忍,但(dan)日后能(neng)(neng)禁釀私(si)酒、平穩(wen)物價(jia),命令得以完全徹底執行,毫不費力,都是因為有(you)這事例在先。這也(ye)正是所謂的“權以濟難(nan)”。但(dan)是也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)一(yi)味地嚴(yan)酷(ku),一(yi)定要把握好尺(chi)度。
蘇不韋復仇
【原文】
東漢蘇不(bu)韋,父(fu)謙,嘗(chang)為司(si)隸(li)校(xiao)尉,暠(gao)(gao)挾私忿論(lun)殺。不(bu)韋時年十八,載喪歸鄉,瘞而(er)不(bu)葬(zang),仰天(tian)嘆曰:“伍子胥獨何人也!”遂(sui)藏母武都山中,〔邊(bian)批:要緊。〕變姓名,盡以(yi)家財募劍(jian)客,邀(yao)暠(gao)(gao)于諸陵間,不(bu)值。久之,暠(gao)(gao)遷大司(si)農。時右(you)校(xiao)芻廥①在(zai)寺北垣下,不(bu)韋與親從(cong)兄弟潛入廥中,夜(ye)則鑿地,晝則伏匿(ni),如(ru)是(shi)(shi)則經月,遂(sui)達(da)暠(gao)(gao)寢室(shi)。出其(qi)床下,會暠(gao)(gao)如(ru)廁,殺其(qi)妾及小兒,留(liu)書(shu)而(er)去,〔邊(bian)批:好漢。〕暠(gao)(gao)大驚(jing),自是(shi)(shi)布棘(ji)于室(shi),以(yi)板(ban)籍地,一(yi)夕九徙。不(bu)韋知其(qi)有備(bei),即日夜(ye)馳至(zhi)魏郡,掘(jue)其(qi)父(fu)阜冢,取阜頭以(yi)祭父(fu),又標(biao)之市曰:“李暠(gao)(gao)父(fu)頭。”暠(gao)(gao)心痛不(bu)敢言,憤恚(hui)嘔血死。不(bu)韋于是(shi)(shi)行喪,改葬(zang)父(fu)。
【譯文】
東(dong)漢人(ren)蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)的(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)蘇(su)(su)(su)謙,曾當過(guo)司(si)隸校尉。李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)由于跟蘇(su)(su)(su)謙有私怨(yuan),竟(jing)誣告(gao)蘇(su)(su)(su)謙,使(shi)蘇(su)(su)(su)謙含(han)冤被殺(sha)。蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)當時才十(shi)八歲(sui),他(ta)將父(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)的(de)遺(yi)體運回(hui)鄉,掩埋在(zai)(zai)(zai)土里并沒(mei)有舉行葬禮,仰天(tian)(tian)(tian)長嘆(tan)說(shuo)(shuo):“難道(dao)(dao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)只有一(yi)位伍子(zi)(zi)胥(xu)嗎!”于是(shi)(shi)他(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)把母親(qin)安(an)頓在(zai)(zai)(zai)武都山(shan)中,然后隱姓埋名,散(san)盡家財來招募劍(jian)客,等候李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)到諸陵參(can)拜(bai),但一(yi)直沒(mei)有合(he)適的(de)機會下(xia)(xia)手。不(bu)久,李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)調任為(wei)(wei)大司(si)農(nong),手下(xia)(xia)一(yi)名右(you)校官(guan)家中存(cun)放草料的(de)倉庫就(jiu)(jiu)位于府衙北側,右(you)校官(guan)跟蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)的(de)拜(bai)把兄(xiong)弟很(hen)要好。于是(shi)(shi)蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)等人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)潛伏在(zai)(zai)(zai)倉庫中,為(wei)(wei)避人(ren)耳目,他(ta)們晚上挖掘地道(dao)(dao),白天(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)出(chu)門(men),大約經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)個多月,終(zhong)于打(da)通一(yi)條通往李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)寢室的(de)地道(dao)(dao)。一(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian),蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)從李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)床下(xia)(xia)出(chu)來,正巧李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)去(qu)廁所,于是(shi)(shi)蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)殺(sha)死(si)他(ta)的(de)侍妾和兒子(zi)(zi),然后留下(xia)(xia)一(yi)封信離去(qu)。李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)回(hui)房后大驚失色,但是(shi)(shi)又找不(bu)出(chu)兇(xiong)手,只好在(zai)(zai)(zai)屋舍布滿荊棘,并在(zai)(zai)(zai)地面(mian)鋪上木(mu)板,一(yi)夜之間竟(jing)然換(huan)九個地方睡覺。蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)見李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)已(yi)有所防備,就(jiu)(jiu)連夜騎(qi)馬前往魏郡,挖開李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)父(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)的(de)墳墓,砍下(xia)(xia)李(li)(li)父(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)頭來祭(ji)奠自己(ji)的(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin),然后又在(zai)(zai)(zai)李(li)(li)父(fu)(fu)(fu)頭上寫(xie)上“李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)之父(fu)(fu)(fu)”四(si)個大字,掛(gua)在(zai)(zai)(zai)城內(nei)。李(li)(li)暠(gao)(gao)(gao)看了,痛楚萬分(fen),可(ke)又不(bu)敢說(shuo)(shuo),最(zui)后竟(jing)因(yin)激(ji)憤,吐(tu)血而死(si)。這時蘇(su)(su)(su)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)才為(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)行喪(sang)禮,改葬在(zai)(zai)(zai)祖墳。
【注釋】
①廥(kuài):存放(fang)草料(liao)的房舍。
【夢龍評】
郭林(lin)父論曰:“子胥(xu)猶(you)見用強吳,憑闔閭(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)威,而(er)(er)蘇子力止匹(pi)夫,功隆重千乘,比子胥(xu)尤過云(yun)。”子猶(you)曰:“李暠(gao)私(si)忿不(bu)戢,辱及墓骨,妻(qi)子為(wei)(wei)戮,身(shen)亦(yi)隨之(zhi)(zhi),為(wei)(wei)天下笑(xiao),可(ke)謂大愚(yu)!然能(neng)以私(si)忿殺其(qi)父,而(er)(er)竟(jing)不(bu)能(neng)以官法治其(qi)子,何也(ye)?將俠士善藏,始(shi)皇之(zhi)(zhi)威,猶(you)不(bu)行于博浪,況他人乎?顧(gu)子房(fang)事秘,無可(ke)物色(se),而(er)(er)茲留書(shu)標市,顯行其(qi)意,莫得而(er)(er)誰(shui)何之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)獨過子胥(xu),且過子房(fang)矣!東漢尚(shang)節義,或憐其(qi)志節而(er)(er)庇護(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)可(ke)知。要之(zhi)(zhi)一夫含痛,不(bu)報不(bu)休,死生非所急也(ye),不(bu)韋真杰士哉(zai)!”
楚悼(dao)王(wang)薨(hong),貴(gui)戚大臣作亂,攻吳起(qi)(qi)。起(qi)(qi)走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)尸而(er)(er)(er)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),擊起(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒因(yin)射起(qi)(qi)并中(zhong)王(wang)尸。既葬,肅王(wang)即(ji)位,使令尹盡(jin)誅為亂者(zhe)(zhe),坐(zuo)起(qi)(qi)夷宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)七十(shi)家。齊(qi)大夫與蘇秦(qin)爭寵,使人刺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不死(si),殊而(er)(er)(er)走,齊(qi)王(wang)求賊(zei)不得(de),蘇秦(qin)且死(si),乃謂齊(qi)王(wang)曰(yue):“臣即(ji)死(si),車裂臣以徇于(yu)市,曰(yue):‘蘇秦(qin)作亂于(yu)齊(qi)。’如(ru)此則臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)必(bi)得(de)矣(yi)。”于(yu)是如(ru)其(qi)言,而(er)(er)(er)殺蘇秦(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)果(guo)自出,齊(qi)王(wang)因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)誅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若起(qi)(qi)與秦(qin),身死(si)而(er)(er)(er)能以術自報其(qi)仇,智更足多矣(yi)。
【解評】
蘇不韋僅憑一(yi)人之力,報(bao)了殺父之仇。而李暠由于挾(xie)怨誣告,竟然禍及妻子兒女,并且辱及父親(qin)尸骨,到(dao)最后連自己也被氣得(de)吐血而死(si)。蘇不韋在報(bao)仇的同時,并非是一(yi)味蠻干,也重(zhong)復利用了智慧。
陳星卿懲治惡霸
【原文】
嘉(jia)定、青(qing)浦之(zhi)間有(you)(you)村焉(yan)。陳星卿(qing)者(zhe),年(nian)少高才(cai),貧不遇(yu),訓蒙村中(zhong),人(ren)(ren)未之(zhi)奇也。村有(you)(you)寡(gua)婦,屋數(shu)間,田百余(yu)畝,有(you)(you)子(zi)方(fang)在抱。侄(zhi)欺之(zhi),陰(yin)獻其(qi)產(chan)于勢家子(zi),得蠅頭(tou),遁去。勢家子(zi)擇吉往(wang)閱新莊(zhuang),而(er)先期使(shi)干仆持告(gao)(gao)示往(wang)逐寡(gua)婦。寡(gua)婦不知所從來,抱兒泣于門,鄉人(ren)(ren)俱憤(fen)憤(fen),而(er)愛(ai)莫能助。星卿(qing)適過焉(yan),叩得其(qi)故,謂鄰人(ren)(ren)曰(yue):“從吾計,保無恙。”鄰人(ren)(ren)許(xu)之(zhi),令(ling)寡(gua)婦謹避他處。明(ming)日,勢家子(zi)御游船,門客(ke)數(shu)輩,簫鼓競(jing)發,從天而(er)下(xia)。既登岸,指揮灑掃(sao),懸匾,召諭(yu)諸佃,粗畢,往(wang)田間布席野飲,星卿(qing)率鄉之(zhi)強(qiang)有(you)(you)力者(zhe)風(feng)雨而(er)至,舉(ju)槍摏其(qi)舟,舟人(ren)(ren)出不意,奔告(gao)(gao)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)。主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)趨舟,舟既沉矣(yi),〔邊(bian)批:快。〕遙望新莊(zhuang),所懸匾已碎于街,眾洶(xiong)洶(xiong)索(suo)斗,乃懼而(er)竄(cuan),方(fang)召主(zhu)文謀訟之(zhi),而(er)縣牒已下(xia)。〔邊(bian)批:又快。〕蓋嘉(jia)定新令(ling)韓公(gong)頗以扶抑為己任,星卿(qing)率其(qi)鄰即日往(wang)控,呈詞既美(mei),情復慘(can)激,使(shi)捕(bu)衙往(wang)視,則匾及舟在焉(yan)。勢家子(zi)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)居間,終不聽,竟置(zhi)諸干仆及寡(gua)婦之(zhi)侄(zhi)于法。寡(gua)婦鬻(yu)其(qi)產(chan)而(er)他適,星卿(qing)遂名重(zhong)郡(jun)邑間。
【譯文】
嘉定、青浦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)個小村落,住著(zhu)一位叫(jiao)陳星卿(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),他雖年紀輕學(xue)識高,但一直懷才(cai)不(bu)(bu)遇(yu),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)生活貧困,平(ping)日靠在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)村中(zhong)教人(ren)(ren)(ren)讀(du)書習(xi)字維持生活,村民也(ye)看不(bu)(bu)出他有(you)(you)異(yi)于常人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方。村里有(you)(you)位寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu),有(you)(you)幾間(jian)屋舍(she)(she)及(ji)百畝田地(di),還有(you)(you)一名(ming)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)襁(qiang)褓中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)。寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侄(zhi)子(zi)常常欺負他們(men),竟(jing)暗中(zhong)將(jiang)寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)舍(she)(she)田產(chan)獻給當地(di)有(you)(you)權勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡霸(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),得(de)了(le)點小利,然后(hou)自己逃跑了(le)。惡霸(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)選了(le)個吉日前(qian)往(wang)接(jie)收新產(chan)業(ye),并事(shi)(shi)(shi)先命(ming)手下拿(na)著(zhu)告示到(dao)(dao)寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)家,要寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)搬走(zou)。寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)清楚到(dao)(dao)底(di)發生了(le)什(shen)么事(shi)(shi)(shi),只(zhi)(zhi)好抱著(zhu)兒子(zi),站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)門(men)外哭泣。鄉人(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)道此(ci)事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou),都為寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)感(gan)到(dao)(dao)憤憤不(bu)(bu)平(ping),卻又(you)愛莫能(neng)助(zhu)。正巧陳星卿(qing)(qing)(qing)經過(guo)此(ci)地(di),問(wen)明(ming)原因,對(dui)鄉人(ren)(ren)(ren)說:“只(zhi)(zhi)要肯(ken)聽我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話,保(bao)證寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)沒事(shi)(shi)(shi)。”鄉人(ren)(ren)(ren)點頭表(biao)示愿意配合(he)。陳星卿(qing)(qing)(qing)要寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)先暫時住在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其他地(di)方。第二天,惡霸(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)帶著(zhu)一群門(men)客搭乘游船(chuan),鼓樂齊奏,仿佛從天而降。上岸(an)后(hou),惡霸(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)就(jiu)指揮仆人(ren)(ren)(ren)打掃屋舍(she)(she),懸掛(gua)匾額,召集佃農訓(xun)話,一切(qie)結(jie)束后(hou),便到(dao)(dao)鄉間(jian)席地(di)野宴。陳星卿(qing)(qing)(qing)帶領(ling)一批(pi)強壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村夫(fu),如急風暴(bao)雨般地(di)來到(dao)(dao)岸(an)邊(bian),拿(na)著(zhu)長矛(mao)搗毀他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)只(zhi)(zhi),船(chuan)夫(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)倉皇中(zhong)飛奔告知(zhi)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),等(deng)到(dao)(dao)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)趕到(dao)(dao)岸(an)邊(bian)時,船(chuan)早已(yi)沉入水中(zhong)了(le)。惡霸(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)遠(yuan)望田莊,只(zhi)(zhi)見所(suo)(suo)懸掛(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾額已(yi)被人(ren)(ren)(ren)砸爛(lan),又(you)見眾(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)氣勢(shi)洶洶地(di)要與他們(men)搏斗,就(jiu)害怕地(di)拔腿就(jiu)跑。正想召來師(shi)爺謀求對(dui)策時,縣(xian)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公文已(yi)經下達(da)。原來新上任的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)令(ling)(ling)韓(han)公,以(yi)伸張正義為己任,陳星卿(qing)(qing)(qing)率領(ling)村民在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)毀船(chuan)后(hou),立即趕往(wang)官府投訴(su),訴(su)狀用辭典雅,情節(jie)感(gan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。縣(xian)令(ling)(ling)于是命(ming)衙役前(qian)去(qu)查證,見匾額及(ji)船(chuan)只(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)證物俱在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。惡霸(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)雖托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)調停(ting),但韓(han)公根本不(bu)(bu)予理會,終于將(jiang)一批(pi)惡人(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)寡(gua)(gua)歸(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侄(zhi)子(zi)繩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)法。此(ci)后(hou),寡(gua)(gua)婦(fu)(fu)(fu)變賣了(le)產(chan)業(ye)遷居到(dao)(dao)他地(di)。而陳星卿(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)聲也(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)州縣(xian)大噪。
【夢龍評】
郡中(zhong)得星卿(qing)數輩(bei),勢家子不復橫矣。保小民,亦所以保大家也。雖然,星卿(qing)之敢于奮臂(bei)者,乘(cheng)新令扶(fu)抑(yi)之始,用其膽氣耳,星卿(qing)亦可謂智矣!
【解評】
膽(dan)量與智謀并存,是取(qu)勝(sheng)的(de)法寶。郡中如(ru)果多幾個像陳(chen)星(xing)卿這種人,那么(me)惡霸也不敢(gan)到處橫行了。保護(hu)百姓(xing)就(jiu)是保護(hu)自己(ji),然而(er),陳(chen)星(xing)卿能及時(shi)把握新上任縣令有(you)伸張正義之心(xin),敢(gan)放(fang)膽(dan)懲治惡徒,也真可說是一位智者。
薛元賞杖殺軍將
【原文】
李相(xiang)(xiang)石在中(zhong)書,京兆尹薛元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)嘗謁(ye)石于(yu)私(si)第。故(gu)事(shi),百僚(liao)將至相(xiang)(xiang)府,前驅不復(fu)呵。元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)下馬,石未(wei)之(zhi)知,方(fang)在廳,若與人(ren)訴競(jing)者(zhe)。元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)問焉,曰(yue):“軍中(zhong)軍將。”元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)排闥進曰(yue):“相(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)朝廷大(da)(da)臣(chen),天子所委任,安有(you)(you)軍中(zhong)一將而敢無禮如(ru)此(ci)?夫綱紀(ji)凌夷,猶(you)望相(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)整頓,豈有(you)(you)出自相(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)者(zhe)耶?”即(ji)(ji)疾(ji)趨而去,顧左右(you):“可便擒來。”時仇士(shi)良(liang)(liang)用事(shi),其輩已有(you)(you)訴之(zhi)者(zhe),宦官連聲傳士(shi)良(liang)(liang)命(ming)(ming)曰(yue):“中(zhong)尉奉屈大(da)(da)尹。”元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)不答,即(ji)(ji)命(ming)(ming)杖殺之(zhi)。士(shi)良(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)怒,元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)乃白衣請見士(shi)良(liang)(liang),士(shi)良(liang)(liang)出曰(yue):“何(he)為擅殺軍中(zhong)大(da)(da)將?”元(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)具言無禮狀,且曰(yue):“宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang),大(da)(da)臣(chen)也;中(zhong)尉,亦大(da)(da)臣(chen)也。彼既可無禮于(yu)此(ci),此(ci)亦可無禮于(yu)彼乎?國家之(zhi)法,中(zhong)尉宜保守。一旦壞之(zhi)可惜,某已白衫待(dai)罪矣(yi)。”士(shi)良(liang)(liang)以其理直,顧左右(you)取酒飲之(zhi)而罷。
【譯文】
唐朝(chao)李石任(ren)宰相時,京(jing)兆尹(yin)薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞到(dao)他家中去(qu)拜訪。按(an)照往例:百(bai)官將(jiang)到(dao)相府時,前面的(de)儀(yi)仗(zhang)隊(dui)不可(ke)再呼喝開道。薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞已(yi)經在(zai)(zai)門口(kou)下(xia)馬(ma),但(dan)李石并不知道有客人(ren)(ren)(ren)來,好像正與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)大廳爭(zheng)吵。薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞問(wen)旁(pang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)李石在(zai)(zai)與(yu)誰(shui)爭(zheng)吵?旁(pang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)答道:“是位軍(jun)中將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)。”薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞推門進(jin)去(qu),對李石說(shuo):“相公您(nin)身為朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)大臣,接受天(tian)子的(de)任(ren)命(ming)委托,怎能容許一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)軍(jun)中將(jiang)軍(jun)對您(nin)如此無(wu)(wu)禮(li)(li)呢?當(dang)今朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)綱紀(ji)(ji)(ji)敗壞(huai),還希望能借相公之力(li)大加整頓,相公又怎么能容忍做出這(zhe)種敗壞(huai)禮(li)(li)儀(yi)綱紀(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)事呢?”說(shuo)完立即策馬(ma)離去(qu),并回頭(tou)命(ming)左(zuo)右:“將(jiang)那(nei)位將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)拿下(xia)。”當(dang)時正是仇(chou)士(shi)良(liang)當(dang)權(quan),已(yi)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)此事報告給他。仇(chou)士(shi)良(liang)命(ming)宦官傳令給薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞:“中尉(wei)請您(nin)屈駕(jia)光(guang)臨(lin)。”薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞一(yi)(yi)句話沒說(shuo),就命(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將(jiang)那(nei)軍(jun)中將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)杖打(da)而死。仇(chou)士(shi)良(liang)得(de)知大為生氣,薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞卻脫下(xia)官服,一(yi)(yi)身白衣求見(jian)仇(chou)士(shi)良(liang)。仇(chou)士(shi)良(liang)見(jian)了薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞說(shuo):“為什么要擅自斬殺(sha)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)軍(jun)中大將(jiang)?”薛(xue)(xue)元(yuan)賞于是訴說(shuo)當(dang)時那(nei)名(ming)(ming)將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)無(wu)(wu)禮(li)(li)的(de)情(qing)形,并且說(shuo):“宰相是朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)大臣,中尉(wei)也是朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)大臣,他既然可(ke)對這(zhe)人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)禮(li)(li),也可(ke)對其(qi)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)禮(li)(li)。國家禮(li)(li)法(fa),中尉(wei)應當(dang)謹守維護,因為綱紀(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)破壞(huai),要想再重(zhong)建就困難了。薛(xue)(xue)某(mou)話已(yi)說(shuo)完,現(xian)在(zai)(zai)已(yi)準備好領(ling)(ling)罪。”仇(chou)士(shi)良(liang)聽了認為有理(li),便命(ming)左(zuo)右備酒(jiu)款待,不再追究軍(jun)官被(bei)殺(sha)之事。
【解評】
薛元(yuan)賞(shang)處死了那個(ge)將領,打擊了宦(huan)官仇士良的氣焰,但又以國家的禮法來說(shuo)明自己做的沒有錯,使得仇士良也無話可說(shuo)。薛元(yuan)賞(shang)不僅(jin)正直,而且也很有智(zhi)慧(hui)。跟權貴作斗爭,不能(neng)只靠蠻力和勇氣,更要(yao)用智(zhi)慧(hui)。
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