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小陷胸湯原文,小陷胸湯方歌,有哪些作業和功效

生(sheng)活(huo)百事通 2023-09-20 17:58:56

小陷胸湯

《傷寒論》

【組成(cheng)】 黃連(lian)一兩(6g) 半(ban)夏半(ban)升(sheng),洗(12g) 瓜蔞(lou)實大者(zhe)一枚(20g)

【用法(fa)】 上三味,以水六升,先煮(zhu)瓜(gua)蔞,取三升,去滓,內(nei)諸(zhu)藥(yao),煮(zhu)取二升,去滓,分溫三服(現代(dai)用法(fa):先煮(zhu)瓜(gua)蔞,后納他藥(yao),水煎(jian)溫服)。

【功用】 清(qing)熱(re)化痰,寬胸散結。

【主治(zhi)】 痰(tan)熱(re)互結證。胸(xiong)脘(wan)痞(pi)悶,按之(zhi)則痛,或心(xin)胸(xiong)悶痛,或咳痰(tan)黃(huang)稠,舌紅苔(tai)黃(huang)膩,脈滑數(shu)。

【方歌】小陷胸湯連(lian)夏(xia)萎,寬胸散結(jie)滌痰(tan)優(you),痰(tan)熱(re)內結(jie)痞滿痛,苔(tai)黃(huang)脈滑此方求(qiu)。

【方解】 本方原治傷寒表證誤(wu)下(xia)(xia),邪熱(re)(re)內陷(xian),與痰(tan)濁結(jie)(jie)(jie)于心下(xia)(xia)的(de)小結(jie)(jie)(jie)胸(xiong)病。痰(tan)熱(re)(re)互結(jie)(jie)(jie)心下(xia)(xia)或胸(xiong)膈(ge),氣(qi)郁不通,故胃脘或心胸(xiong)痞(pi)悶(men),按之(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)痛(tong)。治宜(yi)清熱(re)(re)滌(di)痰(tan),寬(kuan)胸(xiong)散(san)結(jie)(jie)(jie)。方中(zhong)全瓜(gua)蔞甘(gan)寒,清熱(re)(re)滌(di)痰(tan),寬(kuan)胸(xiong)散(san)結(jie)(jie)(jie),用時先煮,意在“以緩治上”而通胸(xiong)膈(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)痹(bi)。臣以黃(huang)連苦(ku)寒泄熱(re)(re)除痞(pi),半夏辛(xin)溫(wen)化(hua)痰(tan)散(san)結(jie)(jie)(jie)。兩者(zhe)合用,一苦(ku)一辛(xin),體現辛(xin)開苦(ku)降之(zhi)(zhi)法;與瓜(gua)蔞相(xiang)伍,潤燥相(xiang)得,是為清熱(re)(re)化(hua)痰(tan)、散(san)結(jie)(jie)(jie)開痞(pi)的(de)常用組合。

本方與大(da)陷(xian)胸湯(tang)雖皆主(zhu)治熱(re)(re)(re)實結(jie)胸,但病(bing)(bing)因、病(bing)(bing)位、病(bing)(bing)情(qing)、病(bing)(bing)勢不盡相(xiang)同(tong),故方有大(da)、小(xiao)陷(xian)胸之(zhi)分。大(da)陷(xian)胸湯(tang)證(zheng)為水(shui)熱(re)(re)(re)互結(jie)心(xin)(xin)下(xia),涉及胸腹,病(bing)(bing)情(qing)較重(zhong),病(bing)(bing)勢較急,可見(jian)(jian)心(xin)(xin)下(xia)痛(tong),按之(zhi)石硬(ying),甚則從(cong)心(xin)(xin)下(xia)至(zhi)少腹硬(ying)滿而痛(tong)不可近(jin),脈象沉緊,故用(yong)大(da)黃(huang)、芒(mang)硝與甘遂配伍(wu),瀉熱(re)(re)(re)逐水(shui)破結(jie)。本方證(zheng)為痰熱(re)(re)(re)互結(jie)心(xin)(xin)下(xia),病(bing)(bing)位局(ju)限(xian),病(bing)(bing)情(qing)相(xiang)對較輕,病(bing)(bing)勢較緩(huan),僅見(jian)(jian)胸脘(wan)痞(pi)悶,按之(zhi)始痛(tong),脈象浮滑,故用(yong)瓜(gua)蔞與黃(huang)連、半夏相(xiang)伍(wu),清熱(re)(re)(re)滌痰散結(jie)。

【運用】

1.辨證要點(dian):本方為治療痰熱結胸(xiong)的常用方。臨(lin)床應用以(yi)胸(xiong)脘痞悶,按(an)之(zhi)則痛,舌(she)紅苔黃膩,脈滑數為辨證要點(dian)。

2.加減運用(yong):方中加入(ru)破氣(qi)除(chu)痞(pi)之枳實,可(ke)提高療效(xiao)。若心胸悶痛(tong)者(zhe),加柴(chai)胡、桔梗、郁(yu)金、赤芍等以(yi)(yi)行氣(qi)活(huo)血止痛(tong);咳痰(tan)黃稠難咯者(zhe),可(ke)減半夏(xia)用(yong)量,加膽南星、杏仁(ren)、貝母等以(yi)(yi)清潤(run)化(hua)痰(tan)。

3.現代運用(yong):急(ji)性胃炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、膽囊炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、肝(gan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、冠心(xin)病、肺心(xin)病、急(ji)性支氣(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、胸(xiong)膜炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、胸(xiong)膜粘連等屬痰熱互(hu)結心(xin)下或胸(xiong)膈者,均可(ke)用(yong)本方加味治(zhi)療。

【附方】

柴(chai)胡(hu)陷胸湯(tang)(《重訂通(tong)俗傷寒論(lun)》) 柴(chai)胡(hu)一錢(qian)(3g) 姜半夏三錢(qian)(9g) 小(xiao)川連八分(2.5g) 苦(ku)桔梗一錢(qian)(3g) 黃芩錢(qian)半(4.5g) 瓜蔞仁杵,五(wu)錢(qian)(15g) 小(xiao)枳實錢(qian)半(4.5g) 生姜汁四滴,分沖 水(shui)煎服。功用:和解清熱(re),滌痰寬(kuan)胸。主治:邪陷少(shao)陽,痰熱(re)結胸證。寒熱(re)往(wang)來,胸脅(xie)痞滿,按之疼(teng)痛,嘔惡(e)不(bu)食,口(kou)苦(ku)且粘,目眩,或咳嗽痰稠,苔黃膩,脈(mo)弦(xian)滑數。

柴(chai)胡(hu)陷胸湯(tang)(tang)乃小(xiao)柴(chai)胡(hu)湯(tang)(tang)與(yu)小(xiao)陷胸湯(tang)(tang)兩方加(jia)減(jian)化(hua)裁(cai)而成,即小(xiao)柴(chai)胡(hu)湯(tang)(tang)去人(ren)參、甘草、大棗扶正之(zhi)(zhi)品,加(jia)瓜(gua)蔞(lou)、黃連、枳實、苦桔(jie)梗等清熱化(hua)痰、快氣寬(kuan)胸之(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao),共奏和解少(shao)陽,清熱滌痰,寬(kuan)胸散結之(zhi)(zhi)效,對于少(shao)陽結胸,少(shao)陽證具,胸膈(ge)痞滿,按之(zhi)(zhi)疼痛,用柴(chai)胡(hu)枳桔(jie)湯(tang)(tang)未效者(zhe),較為適宜。

【文獻摘要】

1.原書主治

《傷寒論(lun)·辨(bian)太陽病(bing)(bing)脈證并治》:“小結胸病(bing)(bing),正在心(xin)下(xia),按(an)之則痛,脈浮滑者,小陷胸湯主之。”

2.方論選錄

柯(ke)琴(qin)《傷(shang)寒(han)(han)來(lai)蘇集·傷(shang)寒(han)(han)附翼(yi)》卷上:“熱入有(you)淺深,結(jie)(jie)胸分大小(xiao)。心(xin)腹硬痛,或連(lian)小(xiao)腹不可按者(zhe),為(wei)(wei)大結(jie)(jie)胸,此土(tu)燥(zao)水堅(jian),故(gu)脈(mo)亦(yi)應(ying)其(qi)象而(er)沉緊。止在心(xin)下(xia)(xia),不及(ji)胸腹,按之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知痛不甚(shen)硬者(zhe),為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)結(jie)(jie)胸,是(shi)水與熱結(jie)(jie),凝滯成痰,留于膈(ge)上,故(gu)脈(mo)亦(yi)應(ying)其(qi)象而(er)浮滑(hua)也。穢物據清陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),法當(dang)瀉心(xin)而(er)滌痰。用(yong)黃連(lian)除心(xin)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痞(pi)實,半夏(xia)消心(xin)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痰結(jie)(jie),寒(han)(han)溫并用(yong),溫熱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)自平(ping)。瓜蔞實色赤形圓,中含(han)津液,法象于心(xin),用(yong)以為(wei)(wei)君,助黃連(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦,且以滋(zi)半夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燥(zao),洵為(wei)(wei)除煩滌痰開結(jie)(jie)寬胸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)。雖同名陷胸,而(er)與攻利水谷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方懸殊矣。”

張秉成(cheng)《成(cheng)方便讀》卷1:“治小結(jie)胸,正(zheng)在心下,按之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)痛,脈浮滑,痰(tan)熱互結(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證。前方(大(da)陷胸湯)因水熱互結(jie),而(er)成(cheng)胃實不(bu)大(da)便,硬滿而(er)痛不(bu)可(ke)近者,故非(fei)大(da)下不(bu)除。此(ci)(ci)則(ze)因痰(tan)熱互結(jie),未成(cheng)胃實,觀(guan)其脈浮滑,知其邪在上焦,故但以(yi)半夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辛溫散結(jie)豁痰(tan),瓜(gua)蔞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甘寒潤燥滌垢,黃連之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦寒降火泄熱。此(ci)(ci)方以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治傷(shang)寒亦(yi)可(ke),以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治雜病(bing)亦(yi)可(ke),即表未解而(er)里(li)有痰(tan)熱者,皆(jie)可(ke)兼而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”

【臨床報道】

鄒氏以小(xiao)(xiao)陷(xian)胸(xiong)(xiong)湯(tang)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)急性(xing)糜(mi)(mi)爛性(xing)胃炎65例(li)(li)(li),并設西藥對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)36例(li)(li)(li)。治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中出(chu)血者14例(li)(li)(li),淺(qian)表(biao)潰(kui)瘍(yang)者9例(li)(li)(li),局部(bu)病變者12例(li)(li)(li),整個(ge)胃粘膜(mo)(mo)病變者53例(li)(li)(li);對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中出(chu)血者6例(li)(li)(li),淺(qian)表(biao)潰(kui)瘍(yang)者5例(li)(li)(li),局部(bu)病變者8例(li)(li)(li),整個(ge)胃粘膜(mo)(mo)病變者28例(li)(li)(li)。基礎方:小(xiao)(xiao)陷(xian)胸(xiong)(xiong)湯(tang)加烏賊(zei)骨、仙(xian)鶴草。對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)按常規用藥。結果:治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中痊愈48例(li)(li)(li),好轉(zhuan)11例(li)(li)(li),無效6例(li)(li)(li);總有數率90.8%。對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中痊愈9例(li)(li)(li),好轉(zhuan)22例(li)(li)(li),無效5例(li)(li)(li),總有效率86.1%。治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)療(liao)(liao)(liao)效明(ming)顯優(you)于對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。[鄒永(yong)勝.小(xiao)(xiao)陷(xian)胸(xiong)(xiong)湯(tang)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)急性(xing)糜(mi)(mi)爛性(xing)胃炎臨床觀察。江西中醫藥 1998;(6):22]

胡(hu)氏(shi)等以小(xiao)陷胸(xiong)湯(tang)治(zhi)療(liao)冠(guan)(guan)心(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)心(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)52例(li),并設消心(xin)(xin)痛(tong)(tong)、心(xin)(xin)痛(tong)(tong)定對(dui)(dui)(dui)照組(zu)(zu)34例(li)。治(zhi)療(liao)組(zu)(zu)用小(xiao)陷胸(xiong)湯(tang)合(he)冠(guan)(guan)心(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)Ⅱ號(hao):瓜(gua)蔞、半夏(xia)、黃連、川(chuan)芎、赤芍(shao)、丹(dan)參、紅花(hua)、降(jiang)香,水煎服,日1劑(ji),分2次(ci)服。對(dui)(dui)(dui)照組(zu)(zu)口服消心(xin)(xin)痛(tong)(tong)10ng、心(xin)(xin)痛(tong)(tong)定10mg,日3次(ci)。均30天為1療(liao)程(cheng)(cheng),觀察1~2個療(liao)程(cheng)(cheng)。根(gen)據1979年中西醫結(jie)合(he)治(zhi)療(liao)冠(guan)(guan)心(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)心(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)及心(xin)(xin)律失常(chang)座談會制定的《冠(guan)(guan)心(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)心(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)及心(xin)(xin)電圖(tu)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評定標準》評定療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。結(jie)果:對(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),治(zhi)療(liao)組(zu)(zu)顯效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)19例(li),好轉23例(li),無效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)8例(li),總(zong)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率84.00%。對(dui)(dui)(dui)照組(zu)(zu)顯效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)16例(li),好轉13例(li),無效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)4例(li),總(zong)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率87.88%。治(zhi)療(liao)組(zu)(zu)與對(dui)(dui)(dui)照組(zu)(zu)在緩解(jie)心(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)方(fang)面差異不大(P>0.05)。[胡(hu)天真,等.小(xiao)陷胸(xiong)湯(tang)合(he)冠(guan)(guan)心(xin)(xin)Ⅱ號(hao)治(zhi)療(liao)冠(guan)(guan)心(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)心(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)52例(li)。山(shan)東中醫雜志 1997;16(9):396]

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