濕(shi)疹瘙(sao)癢多形疹,內因責(ze)脾外邪成。理脾化濕(shi)為大法,祛邪養陰相須行。
濕疹(zhen)系由多種內(nei)外因素(su)所引起(qi)的(de)一種瘙(sao)癢性(xing)皮(pi)膚病。其特點(dian)是皮(pi)損呈多形性(xing),既可侵犯全身的(de)各個區域(yu),又能發生于任何年齡,況且(qie)反復發作,病程遷延,素(su)為(wei)臨床醫家(jia)所重視。
鑒于濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)病因(yin)復(fu)雜(za),臨床分(fen)(fen)類也很不(bu)統一。一般而(er)論,按(an)病演變(bian)分(fen)(fen)急性(xing)(xing)期、亞(ya)急性(xing)(xing)期、慢性(xing)(xing)期,按(an)病變(bian)部(bu)位(wei)分(fen)(fen)頭皮(pi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、耳部(bu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(月蝕(shi)瘡(chuang))、口周濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(燕(yan)窩瘡(chuang))、眼周濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、乳部(bu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(乳疳)”、臍(qi)窩濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(臍(qi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)瘡(chuang)〉、股部(bu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、肛門濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、女陰濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陰囊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、手部(bu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(惡(e)瘡(chuang));按(an)病者年齡分(fen)(fen)成人濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和嬰兒濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen);按(an)皮(pi)損形態分(fen)(fen)丘疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)皰(pao)性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、糜(mi)爛滲(shen)出性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、膿皰(pao)性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),干燥(zao)性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅(hong)斑(ban)性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等;按(an)病因(yin)分(fen)(fen)細菌(jun)性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、職業性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、素(su)質性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、脂溢性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、營養不(bu)良性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等。總之,從中醫學角度(du)認為(wei)(wei),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是形現于外而(er)因(yin)發(fa)(fa)在(zai)內的(de)一種(zhong)皮(pi)膚病,在(zai)內的(de)因(yin)素(su),主(zhu)要(yao)責在(zai)飲食傷脾,如(ru)過食腥燥(zao)、炙煿厚味、煙酒、濃茶(cha)、辛(xin)辣等,致使(shi)脾為(wei)(wei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)所(suo)困;在(zai)外的(de)因(yin)素(su)以風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)邪為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。正是由于內蘊(yun)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)與外來的(de)風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)邪相搏(bo),使(shi)之濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)之邪充于腠(cou)理,發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)瘍。又因(yin)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)重濁有質之邪,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)氤氳,故病程纏綿,經常復(fu)發(fa)(fa)。
辨(bian)證論(lun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本病應當重(zhong)視標本同治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),內(nei)外兼顧的(de)(de)整(zheng)體與(yu)局部(bu)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)原則。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本的(de)(de)重(zhong)點在(zai)脾;治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標的(de)(de)要點則要分別而(er)論(lun),比(bi)如熱重(zhong)于(yu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi),相當于(yu)急性(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),以治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標為主;濕(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)于(yu)熱,相當于(yu)亞急性(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),以治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脾為主,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)蘊日久不(bu)解,相當于(yu)慢性(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),酌加祛風止癢(yang),或(huo)養(yang)血潤(run)膚之品(pin),不(bu)過,理(li)脾化濕(shi)(shi)(shi)是治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)基本大法(fa)。作者曾跟隨近代(dai)名中(zhong)醫(yi)趙(zhao)炳南老(lao)師侍診(zhen),發現趙(zhao)老(lao)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)處方(fang)不(bu)僅配(pei)伍嚴謹,而(er)且用藥井然有條。經過一(yi)段時間(jian)的(de)(de)總結(jie),自(zi)擬(ni)內(nei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基本方(fang):
茯苓皮12克(ke)(ke)、土炒白術(shu)10克(ke)(ke)、生薏苡仁15克(ke)(ke)、白蘚(xian)皮10克(ke)(ke)。
以熱為主(zhu)(證見皮疹潮紅,狀如云片(pian)涂(tu)丹,輕度(du)腫脹,繼而粟(su)疹融合成片(pian),或水疤(ba)密集,滲液流津,自覺瘙癢不休(xiu);伴心煩口渴,大便(bian)秘結(jie),或小(xiao)便(bian)短赤(chi),脈(mo)多弦數洪大,舌(she)質紅,苔黃(huang)(huang)膩)加龍膽草、黃(huang)(huang)連(lian)、梔子、黃(huang)(huang)芩、澤瀉、連(lian)翹、炒(chao)槐花、生地、車前草、大黃(huang)(huang)、木通、甘草;
以濕為主(zhu)(證見(jian)皮疹增厚(hou)(hou)變粗、脫屑,色澤(ze)暗褐,滲液較少,瘙癢劇烈,甚則影響(xiang)睡(shui)眠;偶見(jian)便溏,舌質淡紅,苔白膩(ni),脈多沉緩)加陳皮、枳殼、厚(hou)(hou)樸、豬苓(ling)、大(da)豆(dou)黃卷、赤茯苓(ling)、蒼術、滑石(shi);
頑濕郁結(jie)日久(證見皮疹(zhen)肥厚(hou),色澤(ze)暗黑,狀如席(xi)紋(wen);瘙癢難忍)加全蝎、苦參(can)、蒼術、皂角刺、威(wei)靈仙、黃柏、干(gan)地黃;
濕熱化(hua)毒(證見皮(pi)疹焮(xin)赤,滲(shen)液,糜爛,結有膿痂)加龍葵(kui)、連翹(qiao)心、蓮(lian)子(zi)心、野菊花、天花粉、梔(zhi)子(zi)、大黃。
這里(li),要強調指出:在內(nei)治方面祛(qu)濕(shi)不(bu)忘養陰(yin);養陰(yin)不(bu)礙化濕(shi)。如豬苓、澤瀉之用,取(qu)其利濕(shi)而不(bu)傷陰(yin);但又考慮病程(cheng)較(jiao)長,濕(shi)郁(yu)化熱,熱灼(zhuo)陰(yin)液,故養陰(yin)、護(hu)陰(yin),亦不(bu)可(ke)少,常用干地黃、丹參、丹皮,既能起到養血潤膚的作用,又能體現(xian)滋陰(yin)而不(bu)戀(lian)濕(shi),可(ke)謂(wei)兩全其美。
——本(ben)文摘自《中醫精華淺說》
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