八字格局之八格:命理格局
財官(guan)印綬發偏正(zheng),兼論食傷(shang)八(ba)格定。
【原注(zhu)】自(zi)形象氣局(ju)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),而格(ge)(ge)為最(zui)。格(ge)(ge)之(zhi)真者,月支之(zhi)神,透于(yu)天(tian)干也(ye)。以(yi)散亂之(zhi)天(tian)干,而尋其得所附于(yu)提(ti)綱,非格(ge)(ge)也(ye)。自(zi)八(ba)格(ge)(ge)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),若曲(qu)直五格(ge)(ge)皆為格(ge)(ge),而方已局(ju)氣象定之(zhi)者,不可言格(ge)(ge)也(ye)。五格(ge)(ge)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),飛天(tian)合祿雖為格(ge)(ge),而可以(yi)破害(hai)刑沖論之(zhi)者,亦(yi)不可言格(ge)(ge)了也(ye)。
【任氏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)】八格(ge)(ge)者(zhe),命中之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理也(ye)。先觀(guan)月(yue)(yue)令(ling)所得(de)何(he)(he)支(zhi),次(ci)看天(tian)(tian)干(gan)透(tou)出何(he)(he)神(shen),再究司令(ling)以(yi)(yi)定真假,然后取用(yong),以(yi)(yi)分清濁,此(ci)實依經順理,若(ruo)月(yue)(yue)逢祿刃,無(wu)格(ge)(ge)可(ke)取,須審日(ri)主之(zhi)(zhi)喜忌另尋(xun)別支(zhi)透(tou)出天(tian)(tian)干(gan)者(zhe),借以(yi)(yi)為用(yong)。然格(ge)(ge)局有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)變,正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)必(bi)兼五(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)常禮也(ye),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)官印(yin),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)煞(sha)印(yin),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)財煞(sha),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)神(shen)制殺(sha),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)神(shen)生(sheng)財,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)傷官佩印(yin),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)傷官生(sheng)財;變者(zhe),必(bi)從(cong)五(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)氣勢也(ye),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)從(cong)財,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)從(cong)官殺(sha),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)從(cong)食(shi)傷,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)從(cong)強,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)從(cong)弱,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)從(cong)勢,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)行(xing)得(de)氣,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)兩氣成(cheng)形。其余(yu)外(wai)格(ge)(ge)我端,余(yu)務考群(qun)書,俱不(bu)從(cong)五(wu)行(xing)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理,盡屬(shu)謬談;至(zhi)于《蘭(lan)臺妙選》,所定一(yi)切奇格(ge)(ge)異(yi)局,納音諸法,尤屬(shu)不(bu)經,不(bu)待辯而知其荒(huang)唐也(ye).自唐宋以(yi)(yi)來,作(zuo)者(zhe)甚多(duo),皆(jie)虛邙之(zhi)(zhi)論;更有(you)吉兇神(shen)煞(sha),不(bu)知起自何(he)(he)人,作(zuo)此(ci)險語,往往全無(wu)應驗,誠意伯〈千金(jin)賦〉云:“吉兇神(shen)煞(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)端,何(he)(he)如生(sheng)克(ke)制化之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)理”。一(yi)言以(yi)(yi)蔽之(zhi)(zhi)矣,即如壬(ren)辰日(ri)為“王騎龍背(bei)”,壬(ren)寅日(ri)為“王騎虎背(bei)”,何(he)(he)不(bu)再取壬(ren)午(wu)、壬(ren)申、壬(ren)戌、壬(ren)子(zi),謂(wei)(wei)騎猴馬(ma)犬鼠之(zhi)(zhi)背(bei)乎(hu)?又(you)如六(liu)辛(xin)日(ri)逢子(zi)時(shi),謂(wei)(wei)“六(liu)陰(yin)朝陽(yang)”,夫五(wu)陰(yin)皆(jie)陰(yin),何(he)(he)獨辛(xin)金(jin)可(ke)朝陽(yang),余(yu)干(gan)不(bu)可(ke)朝陽(yang)乎(hu)?且(qie)子(zi)乃體陽(yang)用(yong)陰(yin),子(zi)中癸水,六(liu)陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi),何(he)(he)謂(wei)(wei)陽(yang)也(ye)?又(you)如六(liu)乙日(ri)逢子(zi)時(shi),謂(wei)(wei)“鼠貴(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)”,夫鼠者(zhe),耗也(ye),何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)為貴(gui)(gui)?且(qie)十干(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)貴(gui)(gui),時(shi)支(zhi)皆(jie)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),豈余(yu)干(gan)不(bu)可(ke)貴(gui)(gui)乎(hu)?不(bu)待辯而知其謬也(ye)。其余(yu)謬格(ge)(ge)甚多(duo),支(zhi)離無(wu)當,學者(zhe)宜細(xi)詳正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理五(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)格(ge)(ge),弗(fu)以(yi)(yi)謬書為惑也(ye)。
【白話提要】
八字八格
此節(jie)原文(wen)“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou)分偏(pian)(pian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),兼論食(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang)八(ba)格(ge)(ge)定”看上去(qu)比較(jiao)容易理(li)解(jie)(jie)。“偏(pian)(pian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“偏(pian)(pian)”和(he)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”。“偏(pian)(pian)”和(he)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)相對的(de)(de)(de)。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)遇到(dao)陰(yin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),陰(yin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)遇到(dao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),中(zhong)(zhong)庸平(ping)和(he),陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下天(tian)(tian)地(di)之間存有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”;陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)遇到(dao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),陰(yin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)遇到(dao)陰(yin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)勢(shi)偏(pian)(pian)枯,陰(yin)陰(yin)之氣(qi)(qi)(qi)或陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下天(tian)(tian)地(di)之間存有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之氣(qi)(qi)(qi),這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“偏(pian)(pian)”。“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)六(liu)(liu)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)星,按(an)照(zhao)“偏(pian)(pian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”可以分成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)偏(pian)(pian)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。我(wo)克(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)妻財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”在命局(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)現為(wei)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)被日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)克(ke)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)。“官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)六(liu)(liu)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)星,按(an)照(zhao)“偏(pian)(pian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”可以分成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)偏(pian)(pian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),偏(pian)(pian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)時候又作七殺(sha),所以統稱官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殺(sha)。克(ke)我(wo)者(zhe)(zhe)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鬼(gui),“官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”在命局(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)現為(wei)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)克(ke)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)。“印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)六(liu)(liu)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou),按(an)照(zhao)“偏(pian)(pian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”可以分成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)印(yin)(yin)(yin)和(he)偏(pian)(pian)印(yin)(yin)(yin)。生(sheng)我(wo)者(zhe)(zhe)父母,父母即印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou),“印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou)”在命局(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)現為(wei)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)。“食(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)六(liu)(liu)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen),“傷(shang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)六(liu)(liu)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。我(wo)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)子孫,子孫即食(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)傷(shang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),“食(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang)”在命局(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)現為(wei)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)被日(ri)(ri)主(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)。最后根據以上關于“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”、“官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou)”、“食(shi)(shi)(shi)”、“傷(shang)”的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)釋(shi),我(wo)們得(de)到(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)格(ge)(ge)、偏(pian)(pian)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)格(ge)(ge)、正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)格(ge)(ge)、偏(pian)(pian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)格(ge)(ge)、正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)印(yin)(yin)(yin)格(ge)(ge)、偏(pian)(pian)印(yin)(yin)(yin)格(ge)(ge)、食(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)格(ge)(ge)、傷(shang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)格(ge)(ge)八(ba)種格(ge)(ge)局(ju)(ju)。這(zhe)八(ba)種格(ge)(ge)局(ju)(ju)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)“八(ba)格(ge)(ge)”。也(ye)有(you)(you)人把偏(pian)(pian)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)格(ge)(ge)和(he)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)格(ge)(ge)合作財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)格(ge)(ge),偏(pian)(pian)印(yin)(yin)(yin)格(ge)(ge)和(he)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)印(yin)(yin)(yin)格(ge)(ge)合作印(yin)(yin)(yin)綬(shou)格(ge)(ge),這(zhe)樣(yang)八(ba)格(ge)(ge)就變成(cheng)(cheng)了六(liu)(liu)格(ge)(ge)。《子平(ping)真(zhen)詮》把建祿格(ge)(ge)和(he)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)刃格(ge)(ge)也(ye)另列成(cheng)(cheng)格(ge)(ge),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)很多版本的(de)(de)(de)《滴天(tian)(tian)髓》都不(bu)同意這(zhe)個觀點。徐樂吾更是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)截了當地(di)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了反對,“建祿、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)刃,不(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)專格(ge)(ge)。如因財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)旺(wang)(wang)而用祿刃,屬(shu)于財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)格(ge)(ge),因食(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang)旺(wang)(wang)而用祿刃,屬(shu)于食(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang)。祿旺(wang)(wang)喜(xi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang)之泄,歸入食(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang);刃旺(wang)(wang)喜(xi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殺(sha)之制,歸于官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殺(sha)。若(ruo)祿刃旺(wang)(wang)而無(wu)克(ke)、泄,屬(shu)于專旺(wang)(wang),故無(wu)另立(li)專格(ge)(ge)之必要也(ye)”。
正格、變格與外格
根(gen)據任(ren)鐵樵(qiao)的注疏(shu),“然格(ge)局(ju)有(you)正(zheng)有(you)變,正(zheng)者(zhe)必兼(jian)五(wu)行之常理也(ye)”,“變者(zhe),必從(cong)五(wu)行之氣勢也(ye)”,八(ba)格(ge)中(zhong)還(huan)(huan)可以分(fen)出(chu)正(zheng)格(ge)和變格(ge),最后“其余(yu)外格(ge)多端”又從(cong)八(ba)格(ge)分(fen)出(chu)外格(ge)。所以八(ba)格(ge)作為(wei)命理格(ge)局(ju),還(huan)(huan)可以劃分(fen)為(wei)正(zheng)格(ge)、變格(ge)、外格(ge)三類,其中(zhong)各自的定義(yi)特點(dian)如下:
正格(ge)(ge),“必(bi)兼五(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)常理也”,遵循五(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)氣的(de)常理,也是狹義的(de)八格(ge)(ge),即正財格(ge)(ge)、偏財格(ge)(ge)、正官格(ge)(ge)、偏官格(ge)(ge)、正印(yin)格(ge)(ge)、偏印(yin)格(ge)(ge)、食神格(ge)(ge)、傷(shang)官格(ge)(ge)。正格(ge)(ge)的(de)特點就(jiu)是格(ge)(ge)局中(zhong)生(sheng)克制化,五(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)氣中(zhong)正平和(he)。
變(bian)格(ge)(ge),“必(bi)從(cong)(cong)五(wu)行之(zhi)氣勢(shi)(shi)也”,依從(cong)(cong)五(wu)行之(zhi)氣的氣勢(shi)(shi),其中(zhong)包括從(cong)(cong)財格(ge)(ge)、從(cong)(cong)殺格(ge)(ge)、從(cong)(cong)兒格(ge)(ge)、從(cong)(cong)強(qiang)格(ge)(ge)、從(cong)(cong)弱格(ge)(ge)、從(cong)(cong)勢(shi)(shi)格(ge)(ge)等,還包括之(zhi)前提到(dao)的炎(yan)上格(ge)(ge)、潤(run)下(xia)格(ge)(ge)、從(cong)(cong)革(ge)格(ge)(ge)、曲(qu)直(zhi)格(ge)(ge)、橡穡格(ge)(ge)、仁壽格(ge)(ge)和相(xiang)生各(ge)半五(wu)局(ju)、相(xiang)克各(ge)半五(wu)局(ju)。
外(wai)格,“其余”“多(duo)端”,就是不能(neng)歸于(yu)正格、變(bian)格的(de)格局(ju),特點是復(fu)雜多(duo)樣。夕卜格其實(shi)也可以(yi)劃分出(chu)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong),第一種(zhong)(zhong)就是由正格變(bian)化而出(chu)的(de)外(wai)格,比如六辛(xin)朝陽(yang)、六一
鼠貴、日(ri)祿(lu)歸(gui)時、飛天祿(lu)馬、井(jing)欄叉(cha)等(deng)格(ge)(ge)局(ju)(ju);第(di)二種就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)五(wu)行延續下(xia)來的(de)(de)外(wai)格(ge)(ge),一般要(yao)么(me)(me)從(cong)(cong)納音要(yao)么(me)(me)從(cong)(cong)神煞,比如生死相聚、五(wu)行具(ju)足(zu)、日(ri)貴、日(ri)德、金神、魁罡(gang)等(deng)格(ge)(ge)局(ju)(ju);第(di)三種是(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)命(ming)(ming)局(ju)(ju)中(zhong)的(de)(de)天干地支配合(he)得出(chu)的(de)(de)外(wai)格(ge)(ge),比如暗合(he)、夾(jia)拱、倒沖、連(lian)珠、暗沖、遙合(he)等(deng)格(ge)(ge)局(ju)(ju);第(di)四種就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)正格(ge)(ge)和變格(ge)(ge)混合(he)的(de)(de)外(wai)格(ge)(ge),比如財官雙美格(ge)(ge),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)正格(ge)(ge)中(zhong)的(de)(de)正財格(ge)(ge)和正官格(ge)(ge)一同(tong)在命(ming)(ming)局(ju)(ju)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)格(ge)(ge)局(ju)(ju);第(di)五(wu)種就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)從(cong)(cong)五(wu)行之理的(de)(de)外(wai)格(ge)(ge),正統(tong)的(de)(de)命(ming)(ming)理學家都(dou)認(ren)為屬于謬(miu)談。
“五行之常理”就是五行之氣(qi)遵(zun)循中庸平(ping)和的(de)命理學基本理論,通過彼此的(de)生克制(zhi)化,達到五行的(de)中正(zheng)平(ping)和。
“五(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)氣(qi)勢”就是命局中五(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)氣(qi)旺衰的自然規律,關于“五(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)氣(qi)勢”,我們應(ying)該“順(shun)”,不應(ying)該“逆”,總(zong)之(zhi)就是要順(shun)其(qi)自然。
所以綜上所述,原文“財官(guan)(guan)(guan)印(yin)綬(shou)分偏正(zheng)(zheng),兼論食傷(shang)(shang)八(ba)格(ge)(ge)(ge)定”就是說的正(zheng)(zheng)財格(ge)(ge)(ge)、偏財格(ge)(ge)(ge)、正(zheng)(zheng)官(guan)(guan)(guan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)、偏官(guan)(guan)(guan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)、正(zheng)(zheng)印(yin)格(ge)(ge)(ge)、偏印(yin)格(ge)(ge)(ge)、食神格(ge)(ge)(ge)、傷(shang)(shang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)這(zhe)八(ba)格(ge)(ge)(ge)。接下來我們將對這(zhe)八(ba)種格(ge)(ge)(ge)局分別(bie)進行詳細的分析。
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