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楷書第一碑:歐陽詢《九成宮醴泉銘》

人生百(bai)味 2023-07-22 04:24:42

楷書(shu)第一碑:歐陽詢(xun)《九成宮醴泉(quan)銘》。由魏征撰(zhuan)文,記(ji)載唐太(tai)宗在九成宮避暑時發(fa)現泉(quan)水(shui)之(zhi)事。此(ci)碑書(shu)法,高華莊重(zhong),法度森嚴(yan),筆畫似(si)方似(si)圓,結構布置精(jing)嚴(yan),上承下覆(fu),左揖右讓,局部險(xian)勁(jing)而整(zheng)體端莊,無一處紊亂(luan),無一筆松塌。被(bei)視為“楷書(shu)法的極則”是歷代學書(shu)者的楷模。

九成宮醴泉銘原文:

秘(mi)書監檢校侍中鉅(ju)鹿(lu)郡公臣魏徵奉敕撰,維貞觀六年孟夏之(zhi)(zhi)月,皇(huang)帝避暑乎(hu)(hu)九成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)宮(gong),此則(ze)(ze)隨之(zhi)(zhi)仁壽宮(gong)也。冠(guan)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)殿,絕(jue)壑為(wei)池,跨(kua)水架楹,分巖聳闕,高閣周建,長(chang)廊四起(qi),棟宇膠葛,臺榭(xie)參差。仰視則(ze)(ze)迢遞百尋,下臨則(ze)(ze)崢(zheng)嶸千仞(ren),珠(zhu)璧交映(ying),金碧相暉,照灼云霞(xia),蔽(bi)虧(kui)日月。觀其(qi)移(yi)山(shan)(shan)回澗,窮泰極侈,以人從欲,良足深尤(you)。至于炎景流金,無郁(yu)蒸之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi),微風徐動,有凄清之(zhi)(zhi)涼,信安體(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)佳所,誠養神之(zhi)(zhi)勝地,漢之(zhi)(zhi)甘泉(quan)不能尚也。皇(huang)帝爰在弱冠(guan),經營四方,逮乎(hu)(hu)立

年(nian),撫臨(lin)億兆,始以(yi)武功(gong)(gong)壹海內(nei),終以(yi)文(wen)德(de)懷遠(yuan)人(ren)。東(dong)越(yue)青丘,南(nan)逾丹徼 ,皆(jie)獻琛(chen)奉贄,重譯來(lai)王,西暨(ji)輪臺(tai),北拒玄(xuan)闕(que),并地列(lie)州縣,人(ren)充編戶。氣淑年(nian)和,邇安遠(yuan)肅(su),群(qun)生咸(xian)(xian)遂,靈(ling)貺(kuang)畢(bi)臻(zhen),雖藉二儀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong),終資一人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慮。遺(yi)身利物(wu),櫛風沐雨,百姓為(wei)(wei)心(xin),憂(you)勞成疾,同堯肌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)臘,甚(shen)(shen)禹足之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胼胝,針(zhen)石屢加,腠理(li)猶(you)滯(zhi)。爰居京室,每(mei)弊炎(yan)暑,群(qun)下(xia)請建離宮,庶可怡神養性(xing)。圣(sheng)上愛一夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li),惜十家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產,深閉固拒,未肯俯從。以(yi)為(wei)(wei)隨氏舊宮,營于(yu)(yu)(yu)曩代,棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則可惜,毀(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則重勞,事(shi)貴因循,何必改作(zuo)(zuo)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)斫(zhuo)雕為(wei)(wei)樸,損之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又損,去其泰甚(shen)(shen),葺其頹壞,雜丹墀以(yi)沙礫,間粉壁以(yi)涂泥,玉砌接于(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)階,茅茨續(xu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)瓊室。仰觀(guan)壯麗,可作(zuo)(zuo)鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)既(ji)(ji)往,俯察卑儉,足垂訓于(yu)(yu)(yu)后昆(kun)。此所(suo)謂(wei)至人(ren)無為(wei)(wei),大圣(sheng)不(bu)(bu)作(zuo)(zuo),彼竭其力(li),我享其功(gong)(gong)者也。 然昔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)池沼,咸(xian)(xian)引谷澗,宮城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei),本乏水(shui)源,求而(er)(er)無之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)乎一物(wu),既(ji)(ji)非(fei)人(ren)力(li)所(suo)致,圣(sheng)心(xin)懷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)忘。粵以(yi)四月甲申朔旬(xun)有(you)六日己亥,上及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)宮,歷覽臺(tai)觀(guan),閑步西城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰,躊(chou)躇高(gao)閣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),俯察厥土(tu),微(wei)覺有(you)潤,因而(er)(er)以(yi)杖導之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)泉隨而(er)(er)涌(yong)出(chu),乃承(cheng)以(yi)石檻,引為(wei)(wei)一渠。其清(qing)若(ruo)鏡,味甘如(ru)醴,南(nan)注丹霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右(you),東(dong)流度于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙闕(que),貫(guan)穿青瑣(suo),縈帶紫房,激揚清(qing)波,滌(di)蕩(dang)瑕穢(hui),可以(yi)導養正(zheng)性(xing),可以(yi)澄瑩心(xin)神。鑒映群(qun)形,潤生萬物(wu),同湛恩(en)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)竭,將玄(xuan)澤于(yu)(yu)(yu)常流,匪(fei)唯乾象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精,蓋亦坤靈(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶。謹案:《禮(li)緯》云:王者刑殺當罪,賞錫當功(gong)(gong),得禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,則醴泉出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)闕(que)庭。《鹖冠(guan)子(zi)(zi)》曰:圣(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),上及(ji)(ji)太清(qing),下(xia)及(ji)(ji)太寧(ning),中(zhong)及(ji)(ji)萬靈(ling),則醴泉出(chu)。《瑞(rui)應圖(tu)》曰:王者純和,飲食不(bu)(bu)貢獻,則醴泉出(chu),飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令人(ren)壽。《東(dong)觀(guan)漢記》曰:光武中(zhong)元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian),醴泉出(chu)京師,飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者痼疾皆(jie)愈。然則神物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai),寔扶明圣(sheng),既(ji)(ji)可蠲(juan)茲(zi)沉痼,又將延彼遐齡。是(shi)以(yi)百辟卿士,相(xiang)趨(qu)動色(se),我后固懷撝挹,推而(er)(er)弗有(you),雖休(xiu)勿休(xiu),不(bu)(bu)徒(tu)聞(wen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)往昔,以(yi)祥為(wei)(wei)懼(ju),實(shi)取驗于(yu)(yu)(yu)當今。斯乃上帝玄(xuan)符,天子(zi)(zi)令德(de),豈臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末學所(suo)能丕顯。但職在(zai)記言,屬茲(zi)書(shu)事(shi),不(bu)(bu)可使國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)美,有(you)遺(yi)典(dian)策,敢陳(chen)實(shi)錄,爰勒斯銘。其詞曰:

唯皇撫運(yun),奄壹寰宇,千載(zai)膺(ying)期(qi),萬物斯睹,功(gong)高大(da)舜(shun),勤深(shen)伯禹,絕后光前,登三邁五。握機(ji)蹈(dao)矩,乃圣乃神,武克禍亂,文懷遠人(ren),書(shu)契未紀,開辟不臣,冠冕并襲(xi),琛贄咸(xian)陳。大(da)道無(wu)(wu)名,上德不德,玄功(gong)潛運(yun),幾(ji)深(shen)莫(mo)測,鑿井而飲,耕(geng)田而食,靡謝天功(gong),安知帝力(li)。上天之(zhi)載(zai),無(wu)(wu)臭無(wu)(wu)聲,萬類資(zi)始,品物流形,隨感變質,應德效靈,介焉(yan)如響,赫赫明明。雜沓景(jing)福,葳蕤繁祉,云氏龍官,龜(gui)圖(tu)鳳紀,日含(han)五色(se),烏呈三趾,頌(song)不輟工,筆無(wu)(wu)停(ting)史。上善降祥,上智斯悅(yue),流謙潤下,潺湲皎潔,萍旨醴甘,冰凝(ning)鏡澈,用之(zhi)日新,挹之(zhi)無(wu)(wu)竭。道隨時泰,慶與(yu)泉流,我后夕惕,雖休弗休,居崇(chong)茅宇,樂不般游,黃(huang)屋非貴,天下為憂。人(ren)玩其華,我取(qu)其實,還淳(chun)反本,代文以質,居高思(si)墜,持滿戒溢,念(nian)茲在茲,永保貞吉(ji)。

兼(jian)太子率更令勃海男(nan)臣歐陽詢奉(feng)敕書。

歐陽詢之評價

唐張懷瓘《書斷》:“詢(xun)八體(ti)(ti)(ti)盡能,筆(bi)力險勁,篆體(ti)(ti)(ti)尤精(jing),飛白冠絕,峻于古人,猶龍蛇(she)戰斗之(zhi)(zhi)象,云霧輕寵之(zhi)(zhi)勢,風旋雷激,操舉(ju)若神。真行之(zhi)(zhi)朽出于大令(ling),別成(cheng)一體(ti)(ti)(ti),森森然(ran)(ran)若武庫矛戟,風神嚴于智水(shui),潤色(se)寡于虞世南。其草(cao)書迭蕩流(liu)通(tong),視之(zhi)(zhi)二王,可為動色(se),然(ran)(ran)驚其跳駿,不避(bi)危(wei)險,傷于清雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)致。”

唐(tang)代書法品評著作《書斷》稱:“詢(xun)八(ba)體盡能,筆力勁險。篆體尤(you)精,飛白(bai)冠絕,峻于(yu)(yu)古人,擾(rao)龍蛇戰(zhan)斗之象,云霧(wu)輕籠之勢,幾(ji)旋雷激,操舉若(ruo)神。真行之書,出(chu)于(yu)(yu)太令(ling),別成一體,森森焉若(ruo)武庫矛戟,風(feng)神嚴于(yu)(yu)智永(yong),潤色(se)寡(gua)于(yu)(yu)虞世南。其(qi)(qi)草書迭蕩流通(tong),視之二王(wang),可為動色(se);然驚其(qi)(qi)跳駿,不避危險,傷于(yu)(yu)清之致。”

宋《宣和(he)書譜》譽(yu)其(qi)正楷為“翰墨之(zhi)冠(guan)”。

唐高祖李(li)淵說:“沒想到(dao)歐陽詢的(de)名聲竟大到(dao)連(lian)遠方的(de)夷狄都知道(dao)。他(ta)們(men)看到(dao)歐陽詢的(de)筆跡,一定以為他(ta)是位形貌魁梧的(de)人物吧(ba)。”

虞(yu)世南說他“不擇紙筆,皆能(neng)如(ru)意”。

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