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遠交近攻是秦昭襄王統一六國時的外交和軍事策略

歷史(shi)典故 2023-07-20 15:27:39

“遠(yuan)交近(jin)攻”是指一(yi)種外交河軍事上的(de)(de)策略(lve)(lve),和遠(yuan)方國家(jia)結(jie)盟,而與相近(jin)的(de)(de)國家(jia)為(wei)敵(di)。是因為(wei)這個(ge)策略(lve)(lve)秦國才(cai)能統(tong)一(yi)華夏,吞并六(liu)(liu)國,為(wei)秦始皇實(shi)現(xian)了(le)統(tong)一(yi)六(liu)(liu)國的(de)(de)愿(yuan)望。

秦(qin)昭王(wang)即位(wei)時期,秦(qin)國(guo)因(yin)為商鞅變法使得(de)國(guo)力已(yi)經(jing)遠遠地(di)超過了(le)其他(ta)六(liu)國(guo)。幾十年來(lai),雖然秦(qin)國(guo)在與六(liu)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)戰中取得(de)了(le)一系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利,但是(shi)(shi)在擴(kuo)(kuo)大秦(qin)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疆(jiang)域上(shang)并沒有多(duo)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化,也沒有明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)進展,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為秦(qin)國(guo)在策略上(shang)并沒有正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略目標,秦(qin)昭王(wang)急需一位(wei)能在他(ta)擴(kuo)(kuo)大疆(jiang)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路上(shang)指點迷津的(de)(de)(de)(de)人士,直到他(ta)碰見了(le)策士范雎,終于(yu)為他(ta)指明了(le)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路。

“遠(yuan)交(jiao)近攻(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)策(ce)略正是(shi)他們談話時的(de)(de)(de)(de)精華所在。范雎先是(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)秦(qin)昭王列(lie)舉了秦(qin)國(guo)在軍事上所擁有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢,但是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)優勢卻并不(bu)能轉化成實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益,緊(jin)接著(zhu)范雎向(xiang)(xiang)秦(qin)昭王提出了“遠(yuan)交(jiao)近攻(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)策(ce)略,提出全力(li)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)秦(qin)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄰國(guo)韓(han)(han)、魏(wei)兩(liang)國(guo),放棄本(ben)來想要攻(gong)(gong)打的(de)(de)(de)(de)齊國(guo)。并且與遠(yuan)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)齊國(guo)等國(guo)進(jin)行(xing)聯盟。秦(qin)昭王其實也(ye)有(you)想過用這(zhe)個方法(fa),但是(shi)又擔心韓(han)(han)、魏(wei)兩(liang)國(guo)不(bu)會輕易(yi)地屈服,從而導致與韓(han)(han)、魏(wei)兩(liang)國(guo)糾纏不(bu)清,這(zhe)樣既(ji)耗費了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間,又損耗了秦(qin)國(guo)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵力(li),對(dui)于之后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)就很難有(you)把握。

了(le)解了(le)秦昭王的(de)(de)擔憂后,范(fan)雎(ju)又提出(chu)了(le)割裂(lie)對方的(de)(de)領土,進行軍事打擊加上外交欺(qi)騙等(deng)具體的(de)(de)措施(shi),并提出(chu)哪怕等(deng)到韓(han)、魏一點(dian)(dian)點(dian)(dian)土地也是具有(you)戰略(lve)作用的(de)(de)。最終,秦昭王同意了(le)范(fan)雎(ju)的(de)(de)策略(lve),從此秦國(guo)開始了(le)統(tong)一六國(guo)的(de)(de)計劃(hua)。

遠交近攻戰略

?“遠交(jiao)近攻”是指(zhi)聯(lian)絡距(ju)離遠的國(guo)(guo)家,進攻鄰近的國(guo)(guo)家。這是戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期范雎(ju)為秦昭王統(tong)一六國(guo)(guo)所提出來的外交(jiao)和軍(jun)事策略。

歷史上有許多戰爭都采用了(le)“遠(yuan)交近攻”的(de)(de)這種戰略,如袁(yuan)紹奪取(qu)冀州就(jiu)是(shi)運用這種“遠(yuan)交近攻”的(de)(de)戰術。袁(yuan)紹先與(yu)公孫(sun)(sun)瓚(zan)(zan)進行(xing)聯(lian)合,讓(rang)公孫(sun)(sun)瓚(zan)(zan)攻打冀州,對韓馥造(zao)成正面的(de)(de)打擊,然后(hou)自己率領同時(shi)壓向冀州,讓(rang)韓馥走投(tou)無路,又派出了(le)說客進行(xing)游說,最(zui)終韓馥選擇投(tou)降,讓(rang)出了(le)冀州。但袁(yuan)紹并沒(mei)有因(yin)此而感謝公孫(sun)(sun)瓚(zan)(zan),反而將下一(yi)步的(de)(de)目標對準了(le)公孫(sun)(sun)瓚(zan)(zan)。與(yu)公孫(sun)(sun)瓚(zan)(zan)進行(xing)合作是(shi)為了(le)自己的(de)(de)利益,一(yi)旦達到了(le)目的(de)(de),便開(kai)始兵(bing)戎相向。

上面一個(ge)例(li)子是(shi)運用“遠交近攻(gong)”策略(lve)比較成功(gong)的(de)案(an)例(li),但(dan)(dan)是(shi)歷史(shi)上也有許多運用失敗的(de)例(li)子,尤(you)其(qi)在宋(song)(song)(song)朝。先犯(fan)錯(cuo)(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)是(shi)北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song),北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)末年,宋(song)(song)(song)國的(de)北(bei)邊(bian)的(de)鄰國是(shi)遼(liao)(liao)國,而在遼(liao)(liao)國以北(bei)的(de)地方就是(shi)新興的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)國了(le)。北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)的(de)皇帝采(cai)取“遠交近攻(gong)”的(de)策略(lve),與金(jin)(jin)(jin)國進行(xing)聯(lian)合選擇滅(mie)(mie)掉遼(liao)(liao)國,想討回自(zi)己的(de)領(ling)地,但(dan)(dan)結(jie)果在滅(mie)(mie)掉遼(liao)(liao)國之后的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)軍長(chang)驅直下,對宋(song)(song)(song)朝造成了(le)極大的(de)影響,幸好有長(chang)江為庇護,才(cai)算是(shi)保住了(le)宋(song)(song)(song)朝的(de)半壁江山。之后的(de)南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)又(you)犯(fan)了(le)一個(ge)與北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)同樣的(de)錯(cuo)(cuo)誤(wu),在南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)末年,南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)的(de)皇帝又(you)搞“遠交近攻(gong)”,派使者與蒙古結(jie)盟,夾攻(gong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)國,金(jin)(jin)(jin)國雖被滅(mie)(mie)了(le)但(dan)(dan)是(shi)南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)也被徹底滅(mie)(mie)亡了(le)。

從以上成功(gong)和失(shi)敗(bai)的(de)案例來(lai)看,“遠(yuan)交近攻”雖然是(shi)一個非常有用的(de)軍事策(ce)略,但是(shi)需要用在恰當地方上,不能盲目使用。

遠交近攻的來歷

“遠(yuan)交近攻(gong)”這個成語出自(zi)《戰國(guo)(guo)策(ce)》中(zhong)的秦策(ce),范(fan)雎建(jian)議秦始(shi)皇說(shuo):“大(da)王(wang)(wang)不如選擇對(dui)遠(yuan)方的國(guo)(guo)家進(jin)行結(jie)盟(meng),對(dui)近國(guo)(guo)進(jin)行攻(gong)打。得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)寸土(tu)地是大(da)王(wang)(wang)的土(tu)地,得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)尺土(tu)地還是大(da)王(wang)(wang)的土(tu)地。”這句話是范(fan)雎說(shuo)服秦始(shi)皇的一(yi)句名句,也成為了一(yi)個很好的計策(ce)。

春秋戰國(guo)末(mo)年,七雄開始(shi)了爭霸(ba)。秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)在經(jing)過商鞅變法(fa)之后,不論是(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟還(huan)是(shi)(shi)軍事實(shi)力都(dou)發展的特別快。于是(shi)(shi),秦(qin)(qin)昭王就開始(shi)了他吞(tun)(tun)并(bing)六國(guo)的計劃,把六國(guo)都(dou)給吞(tun)(tun)并(bing),自己獨霸(ba)中原。

公元前270年,秦昭王(wang)準備出兵攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)遠(yuan)在天邊的(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。范雎見此情景,就向秦昭王(wang)獻上了(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)計謀(mou),就是“遠(yuan)郊近鄰”的(de)(de)策略,勸說(shuo)秦昭王(wang)不要(yao)輕易(yi)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。范雎對秦昭王(wang)說(shuo):“齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)實(shi)力(li)很強大(da),而且離秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)(you)非常遠(yuan),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)時候,我們(men)的(de)(de)軍隊必定(ding)會經過韓、魏兩(liang)個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家。軍隊派少了(le)(le)的(de)(de)話(hua),難(nan)以(yi)取(qu)得勝(sheng)(sheng)利。但是軍隊多的(de)(de)話(hua),就算打(da)(da)勝(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)秦軍也無法占有齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)土地。不如先(xian)與齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)行結(jie)盟(meng),再(zai)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)鄰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)韓、魏,然后(hou)逐(zhu)步進(jin)行推進(jin)。”秦昭王(wang)聽(ting)了(le)(le)范雎的(de)(de)話(hua)覺得非常有道(dao)理,于(yu)是決定(ding)先(xian)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)(da)韓、魏,為了(le)(le)防止齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與韓、魏進(jin)行結(jie)盟(meng),秦昭王(wang)又(you)(you)派使者主(zhu)動(dong)去跟齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)行結(jie)盟(meng)。以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)四十余(yu)年,秦昭王(wang)繼(ji)續(xu)堅持運用(yong)“遠(yuan)交近攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)策略,與遠(yuan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)、楚兩(liang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)行結(jie)盟(meng),首先(xian)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)下了(le)(le)韓、魏,然后(hou)又(you)(you)從兩(liang)翼進(jin)兵,攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破了(le)(le)趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)河燕國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),統一了(le)(le)北方(fang)(fang)(fang),又(you)(you)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破了(le)(le)楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),平定(ding)了(le)(le)南方(fang)(fang)(fang),最后(hou)才對齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)行用(yong)兵,齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也被收入囊中。就這(zhe)樣,秦始(shi)皇征(zheng)戰十年,終于(yu)實(shi)現了(le)(le)統一六(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)愿望。

遠交近攻的意思

“遠交近攻”最初是作為外交和軍事上的策略,主要的策略就是指與遠方的國家進行結盟,而對鄰國進行攻擊。這樣做的話既可以防止鄰國發生叛變,又可以使得鄰國兩面受敵,無法與自己國家進行抗衡。
秦昭王畫像

“遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近外交”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)秦(qin)昭王(wang)統一(yi)六國(guo)(guo)(guo)所提出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)(lve),范雎建議秦(qin)昭王(wang)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)近攻(gong)魏、趙(zhao)、韓三(san)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)而遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交齊、楚兩個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外交策略(lve)(lve),這個(ge)策略(lve)(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非常有(you)效,幫(bang)助了(le)(le)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)實現了(le)(le)統一(yi)六國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大業。產(chan)生于(yu)春秋時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交近攻(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)外交策略(lve)(lve),到(dao)現在(zai)世(shi)界上許多國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)仍然在(zai)運用。其中日本和印度是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)。之所以要(yao)“遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)距離較遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)(lve)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)盟或者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宿敵(di)。之所以要(yao)“近攻(gong)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)敵(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)就在(zai)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)眼前(qian)。在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)上,相(xiang)(xiang)鄰國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出于(yu)互相(xiang)(xiang)敵(di)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態,他們(men)為(wei)了(le)(le)擴大自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地為(wei)了(le)(le)獲(huo)取(qu)資(zi)源而相(xiang)(xiang)互進(jin)攻(gong)。在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長河中,以鄰為(wei)友的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幾乎找(zhao)不到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de),他們(men)為(wei)了(le)(le)自(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)而采(cai)取(qu)進(jin)攻(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式,去搶奪別人的(de)(de)(de)(de)地盤(pan),因(yin)此鄰里之間常常會爆發(fa)打戰爭。

但(dan)在如今(jin)全球化的發展中(zhong),中(zhong)國政府提(ti)(ti)出了“以鄰為友”、“以鄰為伴”的國際關系的新(xin)的外(wai)交策略,樹(shu)立了新(xin)的價值(zhi)觀(guan),這(zhe)個戰略自然跟歷史(shi)上的“遠交近攻(gong)”的外(wai)交策略存在了很大(da)的差(cha)異(yi),應該說是與我國所提(ti)(ti)倡的新(xin)的價值(zhi)觀(guan)是背道而馳的。

秦始皇統(tong)一六國的軍事戰略(lve)是(shi)什么(me)?

希望對(dui)(dui)你(ni)有幫助:遠交近攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)始(shi)皇親(qin)(qin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou),聽取(qu)(qu)李(li)(li)(li)斯(si)進(jin)(jin)獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議,著(zhu)手規(gui)劃(hua)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)業。其總(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)方針,是(shi)(shi)由近及遠,集(ji)中(zhong)力(li)(li)量(liang),各個(ge)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)破(po);先(xian)北取(qu)(qu)趙(zhao)(zhao),中(zhong)取(qu)(qu)魏,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)取(qu)(qu)韓(han)(han)(han),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)進(jin)(jin)取(qu)(qu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、齊(qi)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)首先(xian)選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)目(mu)標為韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。因為韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實力(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)弱,是(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)走(zou)向(xiang)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)道路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)障礙(ai)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)還(huan)沒(mei)有到(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)堪一(yi)(yi)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)步。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)屢(lv)次進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),均被(bei)韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)退。在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)主力(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)對(dui)(dui)韓(han)(han)(han)采取(qu)(qu)扶植(zhi)親(qin)(qin)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)勢(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逐步肢解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)231年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)陽(yang)郡(jun)“假(jia)守(shou)”(即代理(li)郡(jun)守(shou))騰,向(xiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)獻(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)他(ta)(ta)所管轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬地(di)。騰被(bei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)任(ren)命(ming)為內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)史,后(hou)(hou)(hou)又派(pai)(pai)他(ta)(ta)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。騰對(dui)(dui)韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)如(ru)指掌,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)順利(li)(li),于公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)(qian)230年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))俘(fu)獲韓(han)(han)(han)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)安,韓(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)(qian)229年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)生大(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)震和大(da)(da)(da)(da)災荒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui),又派(pai)(pai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦領兵(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)趙(zhao)(zhao)。趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)派(pai)(pai)李(li)(li)(li)牧(mu)、司(si)馬尚(shang)率(lv)(lv)兵(bing)抵御,雙方相持了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊要(yao)關頭,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)使出(chu)(chu)(chu)殺(sha)手锏—離(li)間計。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦用(yong)(yong)重金(jin)收(shou)買了(le)(le)(le)(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寵臣郭開,要(yao)他(ta)(ta)散布李(li)(li)(li)牧(mu)、司(si)馬尚(shang)企(qi)圖謀反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流言(yan)。趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)輕(qing)(qing)信(xin)謠言(yan),派(pai)(pai)人替代李(li)(li)(li)牧(mu)。李(li)(li)(li)牧(mu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)敵當前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)據不(bu)(bu)讓(rang)(rang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)權,趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)竟暗(an)地(di)派(pai)(pai)人逮捕李(li)(li)(li)牧(mu)并處死(si)了(le)(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)殺(sha)掉了(le)(le)(le)(le)司(si)馬尚(shang)。殺(sha)死(si)李(li)(li)(li)牧(mu),無疑為秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)亡(wang)(wang)趙(zhao)(zhao)掃清了(le)(le)(le)(le)道路。此(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)如(ru)入無人之境,攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城略(lve)地(di),痛擊(ji)(ji)(ji)趙(zhao)(zhao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)228年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po)邯鄲,這(zhe)座名城落入秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之手。不(bu)(bu)久,出(chu)(chu)(chu)逃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趙(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)遷(qian)被(bei)迫獻(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)圖降(jiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實際上(shang)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)子嘉卻(que)帶著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)伙人逃到(dao)(dao)代郡(jun)(今(jin)河(he)北蔚縣(xian)),自(zi)立為王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)222年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其俘(fu)虜(lu)。至此(ci),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)北方。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 前(qian)(qian)(qian)231年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),魏景(jing)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)迫于秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)威力(li)(li),主動(dong)向(xiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)獻(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)麗邑,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求緩兵(bing)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正調集(ji)兵(bing)力(li)(li)準(zhun)備向(xiang)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)起(qi)總(zong)(zong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)想分散兵(bing)力(li)(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)魏,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)接受了(le)(le)(le)(le)獻(xian)地(di)。這(zhe)使得(de)魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又維持了(le)(le)(le)(le)數(shu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)殘局。前(qian)(qian)(qian)225年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主力(li)(li)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之時(shi)(shi)(shi),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi),率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)圍攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)魏都大(da)(da)(da)(da)梁(今(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)開封)。魏軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)緊閉城門,堅(jian)守(shou)不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。由于大(da)(da)(da)(da)梁城防經過多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修建(jian)(jian),異常堅(jian)固(gu),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)強(qiang)(qiang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)想出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)批士(shi)(shi)卒被(bei)安排去挖掘渠(qu)道,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)黃河(he)、鴻溝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)引來,灌注到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)梁。3個(ge)月后(hou)(hou)(hou),大(da)(da)(da)(da)梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城墻壁壘全(quan)被(bei)浸坍(tan),魏王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)假(jia)只得(de)投降(jiang)。魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方大(da)(da)(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疆域遼(liao)闊,山林茂密,物產豐富,號稱擁有甲士(shi)(shi)百萬。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)不(bu)(bu)振,總(zong)(zong)是(shi)(shi)貴族爭權奪利(li)(li),這(zhe)種狀況到(dao)(dao)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末期(qi)尤為嚴重。前(qian)(qian)(qian)228年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)幽(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)死(si),統(tong)(tong)治集(ji)團發(fa)生內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)訌。幽(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)母(mu)弟(di)猶,即位為哀王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),但(dan)僅兩(liang)個(ge)多月,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)被(bei)異母(mu)兄負芻(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門徒殺(sha)掉了(le)(le)(le)(le)。負芻(chu)(chu)成為楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)更加分崩(beng)離(li)析。就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)生內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,前(qian)(qian)(qian)226年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)失時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)地(di)從(cong)(cong)北方伐(fa)(fa)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)線(xian)抽(chou)調秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),連續奪得(de)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)10余個(ge)城池(chi)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)224年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)戰(zhan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)開始(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)先(xian)派(pai)(pai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領李(li)(li)(li)信(xin)率(lv)(lv)20萬秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),被(bei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)敗(bai)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)又派(pai)(pai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦率(lv)(lv)60萬秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦入楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)境后(hou)(hou)(hou),并未馬上(shang)發(fa)動(dong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勢(shi)(shi)。他(ta)(ta)總(zong)(zong)結了(le)(le)(le)(le)李(li)(li)(li)信(xin)輕(qing)(qing)敵冒進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓,采取(qu)(qu)屯兵(bing)練武,堅(jian)壁不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu),麻痹敵人,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逸待勞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)。這(zhe)樣(yang),度過了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)對(dui)(dui)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況基本(ben)適應,士(shi)(shi)氣高昂,體力(li)(li)充沛。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),被(bei)調來抗擊(ji)(ji)(ji)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部隊(dui),斗志(zhi)漸(jian)漸(jian)松懈,加上(shang)糧草不(bu)(bu)足,準(zhun)備東(dong)(dong)歸。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)撤,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)抓住時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)令全(quan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)舉打(da)垮了(le)(le)(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主力(li)(li),并長驅(qu)直(zhi)入,挺入內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)地(di),殺(sha)死(si)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)統(tong)(tong)帥項燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。接著(zhu),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)都壽春(chun)(今(jin)安徽壽縣(xian)),俘(fu)虜(lu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)負芻(chu)(chu),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang),時(shi)(shi)(shi)為公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)(qian)223年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。前(qian)(qian)(qian)222年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),剛在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),又乘勝降(jiang)服(fu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)越君(jun),設置會(hui)稽郡(jun)。于是(shi)(shi),長江流域全(quan)部并入秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)版圖。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)趙(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)已(yi)兵(bing)臨(lin)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)邊境。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)惶(huang)(huang)惶(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)終(zhong)日,眼見秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)掃平三(san)晉,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)向(xiang)自(zi)己(ji)殺(sha)來,卻(que)無計可(ke)施(shi)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)太(tai)(tai)子丹(dan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)想出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)孤注一(yi)(yi)擲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暗(an)殺(sha)行動(dong),即歷(li)史上(shang)有名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荊軻(ke)刺秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),時(shi)(shi)(shi)值(zhi)公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)(qian)227年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。刺殺(sha)行動(dong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)失敗(bai),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)差一(yi)(yi)點(dian)死(si)于荊軻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),他(ta)(ta)深恨(hen)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),立即增(zeng)兵(bing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)舉進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)226年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都薊(今(jin)北京市),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)與太(tai)(tai)子丹(dan)逃亡(wang)(wang)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)李(li)(li)(li)信(xin)率(lv)(lv)領秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)千人,窮追太(tai)(tai)子丹(dan)至衍水(shui)(shui)。太(tai)(tai)子丹(dan)因潛伏(fu)于水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)幸免于難。后(hou)(hou)(hou)來,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)經過權衡(heng)利(li)(li)害關系,派(pai)(pai)人將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)(tai)子丹(dan)殺(sha)掉,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其首級獻(xian)給秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),想以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)求得(de)休(xiu)戰(zhan),保住燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)亡(wang)(wang)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)逃到(dao)(dao)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主力(li)(li)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)調往南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)222年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)奉命(ming)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)伐(fa)(fa)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘余勢(shi)(shi)力(li)(li),俘(fu)獲燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)徹底(di)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 前(qian)(qian)(qian)221年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二十(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)令王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)揮戈南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)東(dong)(dong)方六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)個(ge):齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。從(cong)(cong)春(chun)秋(qiu)到(dao)(dao)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)期(qi),齊(qi)是(shi)(shi)山東(dong)(dong)諸國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)比較強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),前(qian)(qian)(qian)284年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、趙(zhao)(zhao)、韓(han)(han)(han)、魏、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)齊(qi),尤其是(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)樂毅橫掃齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),令齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)差點(dian)亡(wang)(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。之后(hou)(hou)(hou),齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)沒(mei)有復強(qiang)(qiang)。而且,此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)無能(neng)之輩。母(mu)親(qin)(qin)健在(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)(ta)依(yi)賴母(mu)親(qin)(qin);母(mu)親(qin)(qin)臨(lin)終(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian),他(ta)(ta)還(huan)死(si)皮(pi)賴臉地(di)要(yao)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)寫下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輔(fu)佐他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)臣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名字(zi)。公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)(qian)249年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),剛毅不(bu)(bu)屈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)逝世,后(hou)(hou)(hou)勝任(ren)宰(zai)相。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)迅速展(zhan)開收(shou)買內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong),向(xiang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)勝饋贈大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金(jin)、玉器。后(hou)(hou)(hou)勝得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)批賓客(ke)相繼(ji)赴(fu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又對(dui)(dui)他(ta)(ta)們大(da)(da)(da)(da)肆賄賂,送(song)給金(jin)錢、珍寶(bao),讓(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)們回齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)充當內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)應。這(zhe)批人從(cong)(cong)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)回來后(hou)(hou)(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)積極地(di)制造親(qin)(qin)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輿論(lun)。他(ta)(ta)們說(shuo)齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)應西去朝秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表歸順,又說(shuo)齊(qi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)是(shi)(shi)姻親(qin)(qin),根本(ben)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)備戰(zhan)抗秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),也不(bu)(bu)要(yao)幫助三(san)晉、燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。正是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)伐(fa)(fa)齊(qi),幾乎就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)沒(mei)有遇到(dao)(dao)過什么抵抗。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長驅(qu)直(zhi)入,來到(dao)(dao)臨(lin)淄,齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)與后(hou)(hou)(hou)勝馬上(shang)向(xiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)不(bu)(bu)戰(zhan)而降(jiang)。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)。 至此(ci),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)走(zou)完了(le)(le)(le)(le)削平群雄、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)程(cheng)。

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