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評述老子其人及老子之哲學

華(hua)里士 2023-07-20 15:25:29

夫道德,天下之至重,包含宇宙之機,天地萬物之理,老子何(he)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)(ruo)是之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)簡(jian)哉?以五(wu)千言(yan)概之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?夫道(dao)(dao)不(bu)可(ke)雜,雜則(ze)多(duo),多(duo)則(ze)亂,老子傷(shang)世風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)古,痛(tong)虛文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂國,憤(fen)繁(fan)禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)損性,故(gu)其(qi)言(yan)也(ye)至樸,其(qi)論也(ye)至簡(jian),大道(dao)(dao)貴簡(jian),萬(wan)物(wu)皆源(yuan)于(yu)一,萬(wan)事皆起于(yu)簡(jian),惟(wei)其(qi)一也(ye),故(gu)可(ke)合天人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao);惟(wei)其(qi)簡(jian)也(ye),故(gu)可(ke)囊天地萬(wan)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。簡(jian)以概全,繁(fan)以成偏。老子開(kai)其(qi)始,不(bu)欲明言(yan),欲待(dai)后(hou)人發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《道(dao)(dao)德經(jing)》開(kai)篇即曰:“道(dao)(dao)可(ke)道(dao)(dao),非常道(dao)(dao)。”道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)可(ke)明言(yan)也(ye),明言(yan)非常道(dao)(dao)也(ye),故(gu)老子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)至簡(jian)也(ye),甚隱(yin)(yin)也(ye),惟(wei)其(qi)隱(yin)(yin)也(ye),而(er)能近道(dao)(dao),“道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為物(wu),惟(wei)恍惟(wei)惚”,故(gu)老子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),若(ruo)(ruo)隱(yin)(yin)若(ruo)(ruo)明。

王(wang)弼曰(yue)(yue):“《老子(zi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)幾乎可(ke)一(yi)言而(er)蔽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。噫!崇(chong)本息末(mo)而(er)已矣(yi)。觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)由,尋(xun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)歸(gui),言不(bu)(bu)遠宗(zong),事不(bu)(bu)失主。文雖五千(qian),貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者一(yi);義(yi)雖廣瞻,眾則(ze)同類(lei)。……故其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)歸(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye),論太始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原以(yi)明自然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,演(yan)幽(you)冥(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)以(yi)定惑(huo)罔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迷。因而(er)不(bu)(bu)為(wei),損(sun)而(er)不(bu)(bu)施(shi);崇(chong)本以(yi)息末(mo),守母以(yi)存子(zi);賤夫巧術,為(wei)在未有;無責于人,必求諸(zhu)己;此其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)要也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”弼可(ke)謂善發老子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),然(ran)(ran)僅發老子(zi)意(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)偏(pian),非能(neng)全也(ye)(ye)(ye),弼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解,弼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),非盡老子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫簡,本也(ye)(ye)(ye);繁(fan),末(mo)也(ye)(ye)(ye);簡,根也(ye)(ye)(ye);繁(fan),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。老子(zi)尚(shang)簡,欲(yu)崇(chong)本以(yi)賤末(mo)耳(er)。世(shi)人每貴枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁(fan)茂(mao)(mao)、華美,而(er)不(bu)(bu)知根以(yi)撐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),根之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陋(lou)也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)及枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明顯、繁(fan)茂(mao)(mao),而(er)實枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)賴,根有損(sun),則(ze)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)少;根善長,則(ze)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)茂(mao)(mao);枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂(mao)(mao),根致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)自茂(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)世(shi)人每貴外(wai)顯而(er)豐茂(mao)(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),而(er)賤不(bu)(bu)顯而(er)丑(chou)陋(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根,好(hao)美而(er)惡丑(chou),故老子(zi)嗤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)著(zhu)《道德(de)經(jing)》以(yi)明根本。樹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)壯大(da)(da)繁(fan)茂(mao)(mao),須養其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)根,而(er)非澆其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),根良,則(ze)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)無不(bu)(bu)茂(mao)(mao);葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)雖茂(mao)(mao),根病,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)必不(bu)(bu)久也(ye)(ye)(ye)。善治國者亦然(ran)(ran),治其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本,而(er)不(bu)(bu)治其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)。不(bu)(bu)可(ke)獨見其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁(fan)茂(mao)(mao),而(er)忽(hu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)根柢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病損(sun),故曰(yue)(yue):“為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于未有,治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于未亂。”

老子之人,史載不清,生平不明,孔子“猶龍之嘆”,感其可見而不可明也。夫龍能隱能顯,能升能藏,人不可測,老子亦猶是耶?彼著《道德經》而離世隱居,莫知所終,豈非神龍見首不見尾耶?太史公曰:“或曰:‘老萊子亦楚人也,著書十五篇,言道家之用,與孔子同時云。’蓋老子百又六十余歲,或言二百余歲,以其修道而養壽也。自孔子死之后百二十九年而史記周太史儋見秦獻公曰:‘始秦與周合而離,雖五百歲而復合,合七十歲而霸王出焉。’或曰:‘儋,老子也。’或曰:‘非也。’世莫知其然否。”《道德》一書彌綸天地萬物之理,春秋時,書多集眾人之成,殆非一人所著也,猶《易經》,亦集眾圣賢之成,以老子一人而著《道德經》,吾不信也。《道德》有“建言有之”,《列子》又引《黃帝書》曰:“谷神不(bu)死(si) 是(shi)謂(wei)玄牝”,與老子言相似(si),列子略晚于(yu)老子,則《道德》一書,如孔子刪(shan)定(ding)六經,集(ji)上(shang)古文(wen)化之精華,眾賢共(gong)成也。故《道德》之論,非老子獨創,乃繼承上(shang)古而發(fa)也。

然則(ze)(ze)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)書(shu),遂自(zi)隱(yin)于(yu)世而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞也(ye)(ye)(ye)?夫《道德》一(yi)書(shu)發天(tian)(tian)地萬物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),帝(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)治國;將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)戰守(shou)安民;士(shi)民得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)保(bao)身(shen)長壽。老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隱(yin),帝(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)必(bi)征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)必(bi)師之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),士(shi)民必(bi)拜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)厭虛名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)累生(sheng),淪為(wei)帝(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術(shu)士(shi),老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)用(yong)于(yu)世以(yi)(yi)損性害身(shen),故隱(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復出也(ye)(ye)(ye)。老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)雖隱(yin),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)書(shu)傳揚于(yu)世,孫吳蘇秦申韓(han)等兵(bing)家縱橫(heng)法術(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宗其(qi)術(shu)以(yi)(yi)戰以(yi)(yi)辯以(yi)(yi)治焉,俾詐(zha)術(shu)興(xing)于(yu)戰國,何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?熊十力曰:“道家下(xia)(xia)流為(wei)申韓(han),非無(wu)(wu)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。儒(ru)者(zhe)本誠,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)理(li)司化;老(lao)(lao)氏(shi)崇無(wu)(wu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)深靜(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)窺(kui)幾。老(lao)(lao)氏(shi)則(ze)(ze)去儒(ru)漸遠。夫深靜(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)窺(kui)幾者(zhe),冷靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧多(duo),惻怛(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誠少。”甚矣老(lao)(lao)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靜(jing)(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)!“以(yi)(yi)正治國,以(yi)(yi)奇用(yong)兵(bing),以(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)事(shi)取(qu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia),”“處無(wu)(wu)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),行不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教”,“生(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you),為(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恃,功成(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)居”,“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尚賢”,“利萬物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爭”,“物(wu)生(sheng)有(you),有(you)生(sheng)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)”,“以(yi)(yi)其(qi)善下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故能(neng)為(wei)百谷王(wang)(wang)”,“善為(wei)士(shi)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)武,善戰者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怒”,“圣人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,為(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爭”,皆言(yan)(yan)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)!水(shui)靜(jing)(jing)則(ze)(ze)明,心(xin)靜(jing)(jing)則(ze)(ze)一(yi),身(shen)靜(jing)(jing)則(ze)(ze)深,動(dong)則(ze)(ze)混不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)視,躁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)定,人(ren)(ren)得(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如此,何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)保(bao)身(shen)制敵(di)(di)?彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)實無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan);彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)為(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)實無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei);彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爭也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)爭;彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye),實包天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)居也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)實居天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上;彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)實自(zi)貴也(ye)(ye)(ye),豈非“反者(zhe),道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)乎?”其(qi)曰“將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)欲(yu)歙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必(bi)固(gu)張之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)欲(yu)弱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必(bi)固(gu)強(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)欲(yu)廢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必(bi)固(gu)興(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)欲(yu)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必(bi)固(gu)與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”乃言(yan)(yan)物(wu)極(ji)則(ze)(ze)反,或(huo)欲(yu)擒故縱,強(qiang)極(ji),弱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始;興(xing)甚,廢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)云(yun):欲(yu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弱,先逞其(qi)強(qiang),逞強(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)矜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei),則(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)乘勢(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)取(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靜(jing)(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye),彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)令人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)令人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)制敵(di)(di);人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)我(wo)(wo),則(ze)(ze)我(wo)(wo)危矣。故曰:“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)我(wo)(wo)者(zhe)希,則(ze)(ze)我(wo)(wo)貴矣。”

老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)哲(zhe)學(xue),純(chun)客(ke)(ke)(ke)觀,大客(ke)(ke)(ke)觀之(zhi)哲(zhe)學(xue)也(ye),“衣(yi)養萬物而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)”,“吾不(bu)敢為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)客(ke)(ke)(ke)”,此老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)所得,亦老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)所失(shi)也(ye)。彼居于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)外而(er)(er)(er)(er)觀人(ren),隱于(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)外而(er)(er)(er)(er)觀世(shi),人(ren)之(zhi)所言所行,世(shi)之(zhi)百態萬事,彼視之(zhi)甚(shen)明,而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)之(zhi)所感(gan),彼不(bu)能(neng)(neng)體也(ye),故法家之(zhi)不(bu)仁(ren)也(ye),乃不(bu)能(neng)(neng)感(gan)人(ren)之(zhi)所感(gan),故忍(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)仁(ren),老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)以遺之(zhi)也(ye),豈若孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成物如成己,主(zhu)(zhu)客(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)二(er),仁(ren)義一(yi)以貫之(zhi)乎!嗟夫,老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)智,諸子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)莫及,而(er)(er)(er)(er)失(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)仁(ren)也(ye)。荀子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)見于(yu)(yu)(yu)詘,無見于(yu)(yu)(yu)信(xin)”,是知(zhi)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)失(shi)也(ye)。老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“信(xin)言不(bu)美,美言不(bu)信(xin)”,美與信(xin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)彼為(wei)對立,而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)合一(yi),此其所以失(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)仁(ren)歟!

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