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高辛氏的來歷是什么和玉皇大帝有關

眾妙之門 2023-07-04 17:51:03

高辛氏(shi)的來歷(li)是(shi)什么(me)和玉皇大帝有關

你們知道華夏人(ren)文共祖帝(di)(di)嚳又稱為(wei)“高辛氏”,來歷和玉皇(huang)大帝(di)(di)有(you)關,接下來小(xiao)編(bian)為(wei)您講解

帝嚳(kù)(生卒年不詳),姬姓,高辛氏,名俊, 黃帝的曾孫,古帝顓(zhuan)頊(zhuān xū)的侄子,中(zhong)華上古時期部(bu)落聯盟首領,也就是“上古五帝”中(zhong)的第三位。

傳說帝嚳一(yi)誕生,便有許(xu)多神(shen)秘奇異之處(chu),他“生而神(shen)靈,自言其名(ming)”。帝嚳長大后,才(cai)智過人,繼(ji)承了顓頊(xu)的帝位,他能(neng)順(shun)應天時地利,愛(ai)護(hu)百姓,為人民(min)做(zuo)了許(xu)多好事,深得民(min)心。成為后世天下人的表率。因(yin)此,他統治期間,四海升平(ping),國泰民(min)安。

而關于“高辛”二字的(de)來(lai)(lai)龍去(qu)脈,也有個神(shen)秘奇特的(de)傳說(shuo)。據說(shuo),在顓(zhuan)頊擔(dan)任帝位的(de)時(shi)候,有九(jiu)個諸侯部落相約(yue)前(qian)來(lai)(lai)攻打中原,顓(zhuan)頊知道帝嚳足智多謀,便找他前(qian)來(lai)(lai)出謀劃策。帝嚳說(shuo):“九(jiu)個諸侯國同時(shi)來(lai)(lai)攻打我(wo)們,我(wo)們如(ru)果跟他們硬(ying)打硬(ying)拼,必然顧此(ci)失(shi)彼,很難(nan)取(qu)勝。”

顓頊(xu)說:“那么以你之見呢?”帝嚳(ku)說:“這九個敵人都想獨吞我們的地盤,但(dan)他(ta)們之間彼此提防,各(ge)(ge)有各(ge)(ge)的打算。我們若(ruo)能叫他(ta)們之間互相(xiang)打起來(lai),不就好消滅他(ta)們了嗎?”

顓頊聽了(le)喜出望外,連(lian)連(lian)叫好:“哈哈,妙(miao)計!妙(miao)計!”。于是就(jiu)派人分別到九(jiu)路(lu)人馬中(zhong)(zhong)調撥他們的關系,很快這九(jiu)路(lu)人馬就(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)計了(le),互相之(zhi)間亂打起(qi)來。

等到這九路人馬互相(xiang)打的(de)人困馬乏(fa)的(de)時(shi)候,顓(zhuan)頊派出一支精銳(rui)部隊,沒費多大(da)力(li)氣(qi),就平滅了這次叛亂。

顓(zhuan)頊看帝嚳很有能耐(nai),就把他(ta)封在“辛”(今河南(nan)省(sheng)商丘(qiu)市睢(sui)陽區高辛鎮)這個區域,掌(zhang)管(guan)所有的大小事物。

當(dang)時,辛這(zhe)個(ge)地方經常鬧水災,水來了(le),老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)就往另一(yi)個(ge)地方遷(qian)徙(xi)(xi)。而(er)重新遷(qian)徙(xi)(xi)的地方又鬧了(le)水災,老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)便又重新遷(qian)回來。這(zhe)樣遷(qian)來遷(qian)去,老(lao)是不能安居樂業。

帝(di)嚳想(xiang)了一個辦法:帶領大家把住處的(de)地勢加高(gao)。但是(shi)加高(gao)的(de)速度卻趕不上水(shui)漲的(de)速度,頭天加高(gao)的(de),第(di)二(er)天又被水(shui)淹沒了。

夜(ye)里,帝嚳(ku)翻來覆去的(de)睡不(bu)著(zhu),便一怒之下跑(pao)到天庭(ting),同玉皇大帝爭論起來,并說:“既(ji)然上天誕生了人類(lei),為什(shen)么(me)又故意與人類(lei)為難,不(bu)叫人類(lei)活下去呢(ni)?”

玉皇(huang)大帝辯(bian)不(bu)過他,只得派天神下來,一下子(zi)把“辛(xin)”這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)的地(di)勢抬高(gao)。這(zhe)(zhe)兒的老百姓再也(ye)(ye)不(bu)怕水災了,可以建設家園了。從此“辛(xin)”便稱為(wei)(wei)“高(gao)辛(xin)”,帝嚳也(ye)(ye)被稱為(wei)(wei)“高(gao)辛(xin)氏”。

各位誰知(zhi)道昊天上帝和玉皇大帝到底什么區別

按神話學的說法,到天界當神是為了享福的, 那么,就看下面吧。 秦漢時曾把黃帝、炎帝、少昊、太昊、顓頊等作為上帝,那么上古的君主,應該都曾被人尊崇為上帝。這些君主,依皇甫謐《帝王世紀》,有燧人氏、伏羲氏、女媧氏、大庭氏、柏皇氏、中央氏、栗陸氏、驪連氏、赫胥氏、尊盧氏、混沌氏、皞英氏、有巢氏、朱襄氏、葛天氏、陰康氏、無懷氏。此后是神農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)熊氏(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和蚩尤氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。再(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫:金(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)少昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、高陽氏(shi)(shi)(shi)顓頊、高辛(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)俈。再(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陶唐(tang)(tang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)堯、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞氏(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)舜、夏(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)禹(yu)。 這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)名(ming)(ming)(ming)單(dan)若說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)全無(wu)根據(ju),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)許多帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),都曾在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先秦著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)。夏(xia)商以(yi)(yi)前(qian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)社會(hui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定更換了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)許多君主(zhu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)知名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君主(zhu)留在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)憶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾位(wei),被(bei)秦漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)。 據(ju)唐(tang)(tang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)趙(zhao)匡和宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)朱熹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋(shi),魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)禘(di)祭(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)許多國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)所(suo)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),也(ye)(ye)(ye)該有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)內。 據(ju)《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)·封禪書(shu)(shu)》,齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)所(suo)祭(ji)八神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),晉即韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)祭(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),與(yu)秦相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)近(jin)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)至上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),秦漢(han)(han)(han)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初都保留了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),并且(qie)允許在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)安為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)立祭(ji)壇。只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。 亳人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謬忌奏祠太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang),曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)貴者(zhe)(zhe)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)佐曰五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)春秋(qiu)祭(ji)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)南郊……”(《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)·封禪書(shu)(shu)》) 關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)歷(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)創(chuang)(chuang)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡(ji)非(fei)常明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)。那(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謬忌,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)士(shi),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)儒生(sheng),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)兼(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),也(ye)(ye)(ye)再(zai)(zai)(zai)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)問題(ti),我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)也(ye)(ye)(ye)只能留給后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。 太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)給諸(zhu)位(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)找到了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)首(shou)領。雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)(ran)依理而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)論(lun)(lun)(lun),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)(bie)(bie),僅僅相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)聯盟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盟主(zhu)和其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)(bie)(bie),還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)至高無(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和大(da)臣(chen)、諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)(bie)(bie)。太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian),把(ba)(ba)(ba)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)都降為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔佐,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)宣布,漢(han)(han)(han)家(jia)(jia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)高于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統治者(zhe)(zhe),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)盟主(zhu)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)剛剛平定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)七國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叛亂、又離春秋(qiu)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),顯(xian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)割據(ju)、甚至反叛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政權提(ti)供著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)學上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期,淮(huai)南王(wang)(wang)(wang)劉(liu)長(chang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曾經自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“東(dong)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”(14),此后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)吳(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)劉(liu)濞又自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“東(dong)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”(15)。 然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)儒經。雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)(ran)漢(han)(han)(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)確(que)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)獨尊(zun)(zun)儒術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)系(xi)(xi)統這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)問題(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)獨尊(zun)(zun)儒術,似乎還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)許多工作(zuo)(zuo)要做。 上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)仙上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)魂(hun),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)?從(cong)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)所(suo)見(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料看來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)約三(san)種意(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。 漢(han)(han)(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)認(ren)(ren)(ren)真(zhen)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信(xin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)“且(qie)戰且(qie)學仙”、而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)騎龍升(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),并且(qie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此慨嘆道:“嗟乎!吾誠得如黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),吾視(shi)去妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)如脫屣耳(er)”。(《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)·封禪書(shu)(shu)》)《淮(huai)南子(zi)(zi)(zi)·地形(xing)訓》說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),建(jian)(jian)木是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“眾(zhong)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)”。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),也(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)質性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)莽(mang)(mang)(mang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)所(suo)見(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《紫閣圖》又說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)仙上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),那(nei)么,相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)信(xin)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)物(wu)質性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),當(dang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)。 第(di)二(er)(er)種,當(dang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《淮(huai)南子(zi)(zi)(zi)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)訓》、《淮(huai)南子(zi)(zi)(zi)·精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)訓》和董仲舒為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)副(fu)”,說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)什么天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四肢(zhi);天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang)(xiang)圓,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)頭圓;地象(xiang)(xiang)方(fang)(fang),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)足方(fang)(fang);天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十二(er)(er)月,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十二(er)(er)節(jie);耳(er)目像日月,頭發像星(xing)辰(chen),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)藏副(fu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing),呼吸副(fu)風氣(qi)(qi)等等。(16)這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),似乎并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象(xiang)(xiang),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo),這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)觀,并非(fei)西方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)論(lun)(lun)(lun)。西方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)論(lun)(lun)(lun),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie);而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種把(ba)(ba)(ba)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)當(dang)成(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),并且(qie)主(zhu)宰(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事,賞善罰惡。 第(di)三(san)種,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)當(dang)作(zuo)(zuo)精(jing)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。據(ju)《漢(han)(han)(han)書(shu)(shu)·郊祀(si)(si)志(zhi)》,王(wang)(wang)(wang)莽(mang)(mang)(mang)曾經改(gai)革郊祀(si)(si)制(zhi)(zhi)度,并重新(xin)(xin)確(que)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)字。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)土(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、太(tai)(tai)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)青(qing)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)勾芒(東(dong)方(fang)(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)赤靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)祝(zhu)融(rong)(南方(fang)(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、少昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)白靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)蓐收(西方(fang)(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、顓頊黑靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)玄(xuan)冥(北(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))”。把(ba)(ba)(ba)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”,顯(xian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)表示著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)精(jing)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)從(cong)這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候起(qi),我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)才能把(ba)(ba)(ba)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)和靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)連在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi),合稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。 這(zhe)(zhe)三(san)種有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀念,可(ke)(ke)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),但沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發生(sheng)爭(zheng)論(lun)(lun)(lun)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),各(ge)信(xin)各(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。甚至在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),也(ye)(ye)(ye)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)信(xin)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種,時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)信(xin)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種,比如王(wang)(wang)(wang)莽(mang)(mang)(mang)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)明(ming)(ming)確(que)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),并且(qie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)祇觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要進步。 與(yu)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)體(ti)質逐漸明(ming)(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)逐漸向(xiang)(xiang)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)儒經確(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)發展。王(wang)(wang)(wang)莽(mang)(mang)(mang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)前(qian)面所(suo)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”名(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao),出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)《尙(shang)書(shu)(shu)·召誥》:“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),改(gai)厥元子(zi)(zi)(zi)茲(zi)大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)”。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian),表明(ming)(ming)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)系(xi)(xi)統儒教化程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)深。 大(da)約在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)發生(sheng)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改(gai)變。據(ju)顏(yan)師古(gu)《漢(han)(han)(han)書(shu)(shu)注·郊祀(si)(si)志(zhi)》,則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)威(wei)仰(蒼(cang)(cang)、青(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、赤熛(biao)怒(nu)(nu)(赤帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、白招(17)矩(ju)(ju)(白帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、葉(xie)(18)光紀(ji)(黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、含(han)樞(shu)紐(黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)府(蒼(cang)(cang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、文(wen)(wen)(wen)祖(赤帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、顯(xian)紀(ji)(白帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、玄(xuan)矩(ju)(ju)(黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))、神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)斗(黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di))。據(ju)司(si)馬貞《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)索隱(yin)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)官書(shu)(shu)》,靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)威(wei)仰等名(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)緯(wei)書(shu)(shu)《詩·含(han)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)霧》;據(ju)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)輯(ji)佚而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緯(wei)書(shu)(shu),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《河圖》類、《春秋(qiu)》類緯(wei)書(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)威(wei)仰等帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載。唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)杜佑《通(tong)典》卷四十二(er)(er),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)感生(sheng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)……”下(xia)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)注道:“鄭(zheng)玄(xuan)據(ju)《春秋(qiu)緯(wei)》說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),蒼(cang)(cang)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)威(wei)仰,赤則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)赤熛(biao)怒(nu)(nu)……”。說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)緯(wei)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)(men)(men),已(yi)(yi)經普遍(bian)認(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)(ke)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)威(wei)仰等名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。緯(wei)書(shu)(shu)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒者(zhe)(zhe),給五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)重新(xin)(xin)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)宗教禮(li)儀方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要創(chuang)(chuang)造。 到了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han),儒者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)(men)(men)對(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)觀念又進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)熱烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)討論(lun)(lun)(lun)。鄭(zheng)眾(zhong)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)·大(da)宗伯》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye);上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),玄(xuan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”(鄭(zheng)玄(xuan)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)注》引(yin))唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)賈公彥(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)疏》,認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)眾(zhong)認(ren)(ren)(ren)玄(xuan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易·文(wen)(wen)(wen)言傳》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地黃(huang)(huang)(huang)”。把(ba)(ba)(ba)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)看作(zuo)(zuo)玄(xuan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),表明(ming)(ming)他(ta)(ta)已(yi)(yi)經不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)(zai)(zai)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)。 鄭(zheng)玄(xuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)鄭(zheng)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian),他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冬至于(yu)(yu)(yu)圜丘所(suo)祭(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)(huang),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)星(xing),名(ming)(ming)(ming)叫耀魄寶(bao)。并且(qie),昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又名(ming)(ming)(ming)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紫微宮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。(參(can)見(jian)(jian)(jian)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)》鄭(zheng)玄(xuan)注、賈公彥(yan)(yan)疏) 依鄭(zheng)玄(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)實異名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實體(ti),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)星(xing)。也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)星(xing)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)太(tai)(tai)微垣(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing),也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)威(wei)仰、赤熛(biao)怒(nu)(nu)等等。 依鄭(zheng)玄(xuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六位(wei),他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)星(xing)和太(tai)(tai)微垣(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)星(xing)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尊(zun)(zun)貴。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)影響深遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)”。 漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),三(san)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)曹魏(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儒者(zhe)(zhe)王(wang)(wang)(wang)肅反對(dui)鄭(zheng)玄(xuan),他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”:“以(yi)(yi)地有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),故(gu)亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”(《孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)語(yu)注·五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)》)但他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“佐成(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)事”(同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能和昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)提(ti)并論(lun)(lun)(lun)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe),莫(mo)若于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”(王(wang)(wang)(wang)肅《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易注·震卦(gua)》)。 從(cong)此以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六位(wei),儒者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)(men)(men)進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)長(chang)期反復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)討論(lun)(lun)(lun)。但上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)從(cong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)肅開始,已(yi)(yi)經不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)(zai)(zai)發生(sheng)異議。葛洪道: 山川草木,井灶洿池,猶皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)精(jing)氣(qi)(qi);人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)魂(hun)魄,況天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至大(da)者(zhe)(zhe),于(yu)(yu)(yu)理當(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)宜賞善而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)罰惡。但其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)大(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)網疏,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)機發而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)響應(ying)耳(er)。(《抱樸子(zi)(zi)(zi)內篇·微旨》) 這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次出(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、明(ming)(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萬物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)論(lun)(lun)(lun)主(zhu)張。并且(qie)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。 自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)從(cong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)莽(mang)(mang)(mang)據(ju)《尙(shang)書(shu)(shu)》將上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)繼(ji)承(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)莽(mang)(mang)(mang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)去掉了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)“太(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,僅稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。此后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鼎立,曹魏(wei)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“皇(huang)(huang)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”,吳(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“皇(huang)(huang)皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,蜀(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)承(cheng)漢(han)(han)(han)家(jia)(jia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)仍(reng)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。晉統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次據(ju)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)》,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。此后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),南朝(chao)梁武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曾稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)北(bei)(bei)(bei)朝(chao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)多稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。隋承(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)朝(chao)制(zhi)(zhi)度,唐(tang)(tang)又承(cheng)隋,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”終于(yu)(yu)(yu)穩固下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)。儒者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)(men)(men)據(ju)《毛詩》,又對(dui)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo): 《毛詩傳》云:元氣(qi)(qi)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)大(da),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。遠視(shi)蒼(cang)(cang)蒼(cang)(cang),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蒼(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。此則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)蒼(cang)(cang)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)體(ti),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入星(xing)辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)列。(19) 唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)儒者(zhe)(zhe)肯定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《毛詩》對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)使(shi)《毛詩》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儒教上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)初葉(xie),儒者(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)(men)(men)仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)(ran)信(xin)奉《毛詩》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)觀。北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)建(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久于(yu)(yu)(yu)開寶(bao)年間制(zhi)(zhi)訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《開寶(bao)通(tong)禮(li)》道:“元氣(qi)(qi)廣大(da)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),據(ju)遠視(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蒼(cang)(cang)然(ran)(ran)(ran),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蒼(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)尊(zun)(zun),莫(mo)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),托(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),故(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。……天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)蒼(cang)(cang)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)體(ti),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入星(xing)辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)列。”(《宋(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)·禮(li)志(zhi)》)也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),那(nei)遠視(shi)蒼(cang)(cang)蒼(cang)(cang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浩大(da)元氣(qi)(qi),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)。那(nei)么,這(zhe)(zhe)廣大(da)元氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)?《開寶(bao)通(tong)禮(li)》沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)喻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)思想家(jia)(jia)張載說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“凡可(ke)(ke)狀,皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye);凡有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),皆(jie)象(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye);凡象(xiang)(xiang),皆(jie)氣(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)本虛而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)與(yu)性(xing)乃(nai)氣(qi)(qi)所(suo)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),此鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)體(ti)物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)遺也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”(《正蒙·乾稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)篇》)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)和性(xing),既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。那(nei)么,哪里存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi),哪里也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)與(yu)性(xing),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切事物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)遺漏

世界歷史人(ren)物,有(you)神、圣、鬼、妖、父的人(ren)有(you)那些

上古諸神
(一)主神

1、盤古:天辟地神
天地混沌如雞子,盤谷生其中。萬八千歲,天地開辟,陽晴為天,陰濁為地。盤谷在其中,一日九變,神于天,圣于地。天日高一丈,地日厚一丈,盤古日長一丈,如此萬八千歲。天數極高,地數極深,盤古極長。后乃有三皇。數起于一,利于三,成于五,盛于七,處于九,古天地去九萬里。

2、女媧: 造人,婚姻
傳說天地開辟,未有人民,女媧摶土作人,劇務,力不暇供,乃引繩于洹泥中,舉以為人。故富貴知者,黃土人也;貧賤凡庸者,洹人也。

3、伏羲: 教化世人
伏羲是中華民族敬仰的人文始祖,居三皇之首。相傳伏羲的母親華胥氏外出,在雷澤中無意中看到一個特大的腳印,好奇的華胥用她的足跡丈量了大人的足跡,不知不覺感應受孕,懷胎十二年后,伏羲降生了。晉皇甫謐《帝王世紀》說:“太昊帝庖犧氏,風姓也,燧人之世有巨人跡出于雷澤,華胥以足履之,有娠,生伏羲于成紀。”東晉王嘉《拾遺記》說:“春皇者,庖犧之別號。所都之國有華胥之州,神母游其上,有青虹繞神母,久而方滅,即覺有娠,歷十二年而生庖犧。”唐司馬貞《補史記.三皇本紀》說:“太暤包犧氏,風姓,代燧人氏繼天而王。母曰華胥,履大人跡于雷澤,而生庖犧于成紀。蛇身人首,有圣德。”

4、后土: 幽都的統治者

5、共工: 水神
共工氏,姓姜,是炎帝的后裔。《淮南子》記載:昔者共工與顓頊爭為帝,怒而觸不周之山,天柱折,地維絕,天傾西北,故日月星辰移焉;地不滿東南,故水潦塵埃歸焉。

6、祝融:火神,掌管夏天
重黎(簡稱黎),又稱祝誦,祝和。相傳帝嚳高辛氏時,他在有熊氏之虛(今鄭新)擔任火正之官,能昭顯天地之光明,生柔五谷材木,為民造福。帝嚳命曰祝融,后世尊為火神。
祝融氏是黃帝的后世子孫。《史記卷四十?楚世家》說:“ 高陽者,黃帝之孫,昌意之子也。高陽生稱,稱生卷章,卷章生重黎。重黎為帝嚳高辛居火正,甚有功,能光融天下,帝嚳命曰祝融。共工氏作亂,帝嚳使重黎誅之而不盡。帝乃以庚寅日誅重黎,而以其弟吳回為重黎后,復居火正,為祝融。

7、雷神:雷神
澤受孕中的那個雷神。

8、羲和:太陽女神 西方天帝帝俊的妻子。羲和國中有個女子名叫羲和,她生了十個太陽。“太陽之母”是關于她的傳說之一。“羲和者帝俊之妻,生十日。”《山海經?大荒南經》

9、句芒:生命之神,木神,主管春天

10、蓐收:刑罰之神,人面虎爪。手里拿了一把曲尺掌管秋天。

11、西王母:主管瘟疫刑罰的神(是司天之厲及五殘)西王母其狀如人,豹尾虎齒而善嘯,蓬發戴勝,是司天之厲及五殘。

12、神農:主管農業,醫藥之神
傳說中的上古帝王神農氏。因以火德王,故稱為炎帝。繼女媧后為天下共主,傳說是農耕和醫藥的發明者,又創造五弦瑟,開始蠟祭和市場.自他以后中國進入農耕社會.

13、常羲:月亮女神

14、禹虢:海神和風神,掌管冬天

15 相柳:沼澤神

16 英招:園林神

17 長乘:沙漠神

18 冰夷:河神
(二)五方天帝

東方 木 天帝:伏羲(也有叫太皓的)輔神:九河神女華胥氏及屬神句芒
后為女媧所繼承。

南方 火 天帝:炎帝 輔神:火神祝融
本來炎帝是最高神,炎黃之戰后退到南方掌管一方。

西方 金 天帝:少昊 輔神:水神共工
本來應該是東方海外一個鳥國的國王,后來成了西方的天帝。

北方 水 天帝:顓頊 輔神:海神禺強(又名冬神玄冥)
黃帝的曾孫。

中央 土
天帝:黃帝 最高神。這才是真正的"天帝",統管四方。

黃帝時代的諸神
陸吾、英招、離珠、金甲神
蚩尤、風伯雨師、赤松子、力牧、神皇、風后、應龍、魃、夸父、大力神夸娥氏、
大庭氏、五龍氏
炎帝,又稱為神農氏
炎帝的女兒
女娃(后化身精衛鳥)
瑤姬,
還有一個小女兒,其名不可考,
少昊母為皇娥、長子春神句芒、次子秋神蓐收

顓頊的后代
四子:虐鬼、魍魎、送窮鬼、梼杌
后代:老童、太子長琴、黎、重、彭祖(孫)
帝俊
天上妻子:羲和、常羲
人間妻子(省略)
女丑、羿
鯀 妻:女喜。
堯 又名:放勛, 妻女皇;
舜 姓姚,名重華,妻娥皇,女英;
禹,父鯀,妻"女嬌",又名涂山氏,系九尾白狐精

三皇:
指天地人三皇,分別是伏羲、神農與女媧。

五帝:
通常指 黃帝 | 顓頊 | 帝俊 | 堯 | 舜

1、鬼母造鬼
世界有了天,有了地,但是還沒有人。黃帝聽說鬼母的本事極大,就命令她造人。按照皇帝的指令,她造得十分努力,一次就生下了十個生靈,但卻不是人,是地地道道的鬼,他們就是主管地獄的十閻王。鬼就是鬼,怎么能產出人呢?

2、鐘山燭龍
鬼母造人失敗了,皇帝又找到鐘山的燭龍神。燭龍神長著人的臉,蛇的身子,紅色的皮膚,身軀有一千里長。燭龍神努力的生產了一千年,但最終沒有造出人來,只是生下了很多鱷目啊,鱷蜥什么的,也許是因為他身上還殘留著動物的體形,所以不能產出人類來。

3、雷澤受孕
黃帝覺得需要有兩個本領高強的天神,一個管理下界地上的神仙,一個管理即將誕生的人類。于是他就召見雷神,要他到下界西北幾千萬里的地方去,在那里孕育出兩個本領高強的天神。有一天,沼澤之中下起了狂風暴雨,雷神就在這里留下了巨大的腳印,誰先踩到這個腳印,誰就會懷孕,接受孕育天神的使命。在西北極樂世界這里,有個叫做華胥氏的仙女,生得國色天香,她因為好奇和好玩踩了那個腳印,孕育兩大天神的使命就這樣落到了她的身上。華胥氏一次生下了兩個孩子,他們就是伏羲和女媧。那個沼澤,就叫做雷澤。

4、創造人類
女媧在荒寂的大地上行走,沒有人跟她說話,她覺得很孤獨,于是,她決定創造人類。女媧走出一片茂密的森林,看見了一處水澤,她想了想,就在那處水澤的邊上蹲下來,掘出水邊地上的黃泥,摻合了水,仿造自己的樣子,創造出了人。
“傳說天地開辟,未有人民,女媧摶土作人,劇務,力不暇供,乃引繩于洹泥中,舉以為人。故富貴知者,黃土人也;貧賤凡庸者,洹人也。”上古傳說人物
盤古—盤古開天辟地
-{A|夸父}-—夸父追日
燧人(燧人氏)—鉆燧取火
女媧(女媧氏)—女媧補天、女媧造人
伏羲(伏羲氏)—伏羲造八卦
祝融(祝融氏)
神農(炎帝、后稷、神農氏)—神農嘗百草
黃帝(黃帝氏、軒轅氏、有熊氏)
嫘祖 —黃帝之妻,教人養蠶
蚩尤
刑天
倉頡—倉頡造字


禹—大禹治水
共工—怒觸不周山
后羿—后羿射日
嫦娥—嫦娥奔月
[編輯]道教神話人物
三清—道教的最高神靈。
玉皇大帝
西王母
八仙
[編輯]佛教神話人物
觀音
閻王
龍王
[編輯]民間傳說人物
不少民間傳說都把一些曾驅散瘟疫的將軍將領供奉入廟,所以他們都放進這行列中。
灶君
媽祖
黃大仙
譚公
車公(又稱“車大元帥”)
侯王
洪圣
[編輯]其他神話人物
牛郎
織女
孫悟空—齊天大圣、大鬧天宮、三打白骨精
二郎神
沉香—劈山救母
托塔天王
哪吒
金吒
木吒
千里眼
順風耳
雨神
風婆
雷公
電母
土地(土地佬、土地公)
河伯
城隍
譚公
北帝
必方
海若
玄女
比干(財神)
鐘馗
王子喬
琴高
趙公明(財神)
[編輯]神獸和神怪

嘯天犬
巴蛇
鳳凰
吉光

精衛—精衛填海
鹔鹴

青龍
白虎
朱雀
玄武
龍王
伏藏龍
神龍
地龍
天龍
麒麟
貔貅


僵尸
狐貍精
蛇精
夜叉
年獸
牛頭馬面
蝦兵蟹將
瑞獅
饕餮
窮奇
梼杌
混沌






睚眥
狻猊
狴犴
蒲牢
負質
螭吻(鴟尾,鴟吻)
椒圖
囚牛
嘲風
[編輯]靈地/神仙界
玄圃
瑤池
扶桑
鵲橋
蓬萊
瀛洲
方丈
廣寒宮
天庭
瑯嬛
[編輯]參見
中國占星學
中國宗教
神明列表
易經

首先是希臘神話系譜表:
奧林匹斯山諸神:
烏拉諾斯==該亞
---------------------------------|---------------------------
| | | |
科洛諾斯==瑞亞 科俄斯 == 福柏
---------------------------|------------ |
| | | | | | |
赫斯提 得墨忒耳 哈得斯 波塞冬 宙斯 ==1.赫拉 ==2.勒托
----------------------------| | |
| -------------- |---- ------|-----
| | | | | |
雅典娜 赫柏 阿瑞斯 赫淮斯托斯 阿波羅 阿耳忒彌斯

---------------------------------------
|
伊阿珀托斯
-------------------------|----------------------
| | |
厄庇墨透斯 阿特拉斯 普羅米修斯
| |
==3.狄俄涅 ==4.邁亞 ==5.得墨忒耳 ==6.塞墨勒 ==7.阿爾克墨涅
| | | | |
阿佛洛狄忒 赫耳墨斯 珀耳塞福涅 狄額尼索斯 赫拉克勒斯

海里的神:

烏拉諾斯
+ --|--俄刻阿諾斯--|--伊那科斯
該亞 | |
| |--俄刻阿尼得斯
| |
| |--多里斯
|
|--克洛諾斯
| + --------波塞冬
|-- 瑞亞 + --|--普洛透斯
| 安菲特里特 |
| |--特里同

蓬托斯
+ --|--涅柔斯
該亞 | + ---|--安菲特里特
| 多里斯 |
| |--該拉忒亞
| |
| |--涅瑞伊得斯
| |
| |--忒提斯
| + ---阿喀琉斯
| 珀琉斯
|
|--塔烏瑪斯---|--伊里斯
| |
| | --哈耳皮埃
|
|--福耳庫斯
| + -------|--格賴埃
|-- 刻托 |
|--戈耳工
|
|--塞壬
|
|--斯庫拉
希臘眾神譜系

第一代神靈:天神與地神。
在古希臘里,卡俄斯是原始天神。通過單性繁殖,卡俄斯生有:
該亞,大地女神;
俄瑞波斯,黑暗女神;
尼克斯,黑夜女神;
厄洛斯,愛神。
該亞生下天神烏拉諾斯,海神彭透斯。
烏拉諾斯又與該亞婚配。
黑夜女神尼克斯生有:
坦那托斯,死神;
希普托斯,睡神;
奈米西斯,復仇女神;
厄里斯,不和女神;
凱雷斯,集尸女神;
莫伊萊,命運女神。
黑暗女神俄瑞波斯月黑夜女神婚配后生有:埃特耳,太空神;
赫墨拉,光明神。
烏拉諾斯和該亞婚配后生下十二提坦神。
第二代:十二提坦神。包括6男6女,后來組成6對夫婦。
6個男提坦神:
俄克阿諾斯,河流之神;
科俄斯;
克瑞烏斯;
許佩里翁,早期的太陽神;
伊阿佩托斯,普羅米修斯的父親。
克羅諾斯,最年幼又最勇敢的一個。
6個女提坦神:
提亞,最早的光明之神;
瑞亞;
特彌斯;
摩涅莫緒涅,記憶的化身;
福柏,早期的月亮女神;
特提斯,最早的海洋女神。
由于天神烏拉諾斯貪戀權利,所以把該亞生下的孩子們都扔回母腹內。低母該亞深表不滿,就唆使最小的兒子克羅諾斯用鐮刀閹割了父親,濺飛的精液使該亞再次受孕,生下了:復仇三女神:阿勒克托、提西福涅、墨蓋拉;
巨人族;
白橡樹仙女
提坦眾神獲得了自由,其中的四兄弟和四姐妹結婚子:
提亞和許佩里翁,生下太陽神赫利烏斯、月神塞勒涅、黎明女神厄俄斯。
福柏和科俄斯,聲下女神勒托和阿斯特里亞
俄克阿諾斯和特提斯,生下3000條河流和3000個小海神。
克羅諾斯和瑞亞,生下三個女兒赫斯提亞、得墨特耳和赫拉,三個兒子哈得斯、波塞冬和宙斯。

第三:宙斯奪權。
克羅諾斯比他父親更專橫,每當孩子出生,他就把孩子一口吞掉,到最小的宙斯出生的時候,瑞亞設計騙過丈夫,順利地把宙斯生了下來并送給白橡樹仙女撫養。宙斯長大后,和母親一起用催吐劑讓父親吐出了吞下去的五個兄妹。宙斯又聯合原提坦神中的五位,在獨眼巨人和百手巨人的幫助下,經過十年激戰,推翻了父親的統治,做上了王位。

第四:奧林匹斯山神
在宙斯統治下建立,分別是:
宙斯,萬神之王,司掌天堂,暴風雨、雷鳴和閃電
赫拉,司掌女人、婚姻和生育
波賽冬,海神
得墨特耳,谷物和耕作女神
狄扼尼索斯,酒神,狂歡之神
雅典娜,智慧女神,司掌藝術、發明和武藝
赫淮斯托斯,火神,工藝、煅冶之神
阿佛洛狄忒,愛情女神
阿瑞斯,戰神
阿爾忒彌斯,月亮和狩獵女神
阿波羅,太陽神,司掌音樂、詩歌、藝術、預言、雄辯和醫術
赫耳墨斯,神的使者,司掌旅游、商業和貿易

另外,冥王哈得斯也是最強大的神,但他長住冥界,不算奧林匹斯山神。

第五,神人以及其后代
宙斯與塞墨勒,生下酒神狄俄尼索斯
宙斯與達那厄,生下英雄珀耳修斯
宙斯與阿爾克墨涅,生下英雄赫拉克勒斯
宙斯與勒達,生下阿爾戈英雄波呂丟克斯和絕世美女海倫
宙斯與卡利托斯,生下阿爾咯斯
宙斯與伊俄,生下厄帕福斯,后來成為埃及國王
宙斯與歐羅巴,生下彌諾斯和拉迪曼提斯
宙斯與埃特拉,生下英雄忒修斯
波賽冬與墨杜薩,生下克律薩索斯和雙翼馬佩伽索斯
波賽冬與特俄佛涅,生下金羊。
赫拉與伊克西翁,生下半人半馬
厄俄斯與克法洛斯,生下法厄同
特提斯與佩琉斯,生下英(ying)雄(xiong)阿咯琉斯

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