領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)內(nei)大(da)(da)臣(chen)是(shi)清朝(chao)的(de)官名。清代制度(du)設“侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)處”，領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)內(nei)大(da)(da)臣(chen)是(shi)皇帝貼(tie)身警衛(wei)的(de)指揮、調度(du)人，領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)內(nei)大(da)(da)臣(chen)是(shi)正一品(pin) ，建威將(jiang)軍(jun)、領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)衛(wei)內(nei)大(da)(da)臣(chen)、掌衛(wei)事大(da)(da)臣(chen)、八(ba)旗都統、各省駐防將(jiang)軍(jun)、提(ti)督”等均(jun)穿(chuan)戴(dai)一品(pin)麒麟補服。

遏必隆、鰲拜、明(ming)珠、胤祥(xiang)、尹德、傅恒、兆惠、阿里袞、和珅、福(fu)康(kang)安等(deng)滿(man)洲親貴都曾任領侍衛內大臣。

官職介紹

《清(qing)(qing)史稿》記(ji)載，侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)處(chu)三旗(qi)領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)六人(ren)(ren)，正(zheng)黃(huang)旗(qi)、鑲黃(huang)旗(qi)、正(zheng)白旗(qi)各二(er)人(ren)(ren)。領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)掌(zhang)董(dong)帥侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)親(qin)(qin)軍，偕(xie)內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、散(san)秩(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)翊(yi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)扈從(cong)。協理、主事(shi)(shi)、筆(bi)帖式(shi)(shi)，分掌(zhang)章(zhang)奏(zou)(zou)文移(yi)。侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)掌(zhang)營衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周廬，更番(fan)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)。分兩翼宿(su)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)(qing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、內(nei)(nei)右(you)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、神(shen)武門(men)(men)(men)(men)、寧壽門(men)(men)(men)(men)為內(nei)(nei)班，太和門(men)(men)(men)(men)為外(wai)班。行(xing)幸駐(zhu)蹕如(ru)宮(gong)禁(jin)制(zhi)。朝(chao)會、祭祀出入，則衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官填街，騎士塞路(lu)。領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)班領(ling)，帥豹尾班侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。散(san)秩(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)長，執纛親(qin)(qin)軍以供導從(cong)，大(da)(da)(da)閱則按(an)隊(dui)環衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。親(qin)(qin)軍校(xiao)掌(zhang)分轄(xia)(xia)(xia)營眾。其(qi)常日侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、王大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)兼(jian)任。御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)走、乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)(qing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)行(xing)走，俱侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)特簡。無常員(yuan)。故(gu)事(shi)(shi)，凡宿(su)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之臣(chen)(chen)(chen)，惟(wei)滿員(yuan)授(shou)(shou)乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)(qing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，其(qi)重以貴戚(qi)或異材(cai)(cai)，乃擢(zhuo)入御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。漢(han)籍(ji)輒除大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)上侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)之。其(qi)以材(cai)(cai)勇擢(zhuo)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)(qing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)者(zhe)，班崇(chong)極矣。惟(wei)嘉(jia)慶(qing)問(wen)楊芳特授(shou)(shou)國什(shen)哈轄(xia)(xia)(xia)，漢(han)國什(shen)哈內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)，嘆為未有。其(qi)出入扈從(cong)者(zhe)，后扈大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)二(er)人(ren)(ren)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、領(ling)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)兼(jian)任。前(qian)(qian)(qian)引大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)十人(ren)(ren)。內(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、散(san)秩(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)、前(qian)(qian)(qian)鋒統領(ling)、護軍統領(ling)、副都統兼(jian)任。所轄(xia)(xia)(xia)奏(zou)(zou)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)兼(jian)管。侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一人(ren)(ren)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)(qing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)特簡。章(zhang)京(jing)六人(ren)(ren)，內(nei)(nei)府司員(yuan)四人(ren)(ren)。各部、院司員(yuan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)。筆(bi)帖式(shi)(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)，內(nei)(nei)府筆(bi)帖式(shi)(shi)兼(jian)充。奏(zou)(zou)蒙古事(shi)(shi)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六人(ren)(ren)。乾(qian)(qian)清(qing)(qing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)或大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兼(jian)充。

紫(zi)禁(jin)(jin)城(cheng)戒備森嚴，警衛星羅棋布，人所(suo)共知。但宮禁(jin)(jin)機(ji)構(gou)到底(di)有哪些(xie)?由誰掌管?皇帝警衛到底(di)有多(duo)少?出身(shen)哪里?

說(shuo)到宮禁(jin)，不能(neng)不說(shuo)到八(ba)旗(qi)。清入(ru)關以后把八(ba)旗(qi)兵分為(wei)禁(jin)旅八(ba)旗(qi)和駐(zhu)防八(ba)旗(qi)，駐(zhu)防八(ba)旗(qi)分駐(zhu)全國各地，禁(jin)旅八(ba)旗(qi)就駐(zhu)扎京師。禁(jin)旅八(ba)旗(qi)又分為(wei)郎衛(wei)和兵衛(wei)。

郎衛(wei)(wei)，即(ji)皇(huang)(huang)帝的(de)(de)(de)近身(shen)警(jing)衛(wei)(wei)，包括(kuo)侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)處和親軍(jun)營(ying)等，其組成主(zhu)要(yao)是滿(man)、蒙八旗(qi)(qi)中選拔的(de)(de)(de)精銳人員(yuan)。充(chong)當(dang)領侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)內大臣(chen)或(huo)御(yu)前大臣(chen)的(de)(de)(de)都(dou)是皇(huang)(huang)帝從勛戚大臣(chen)中選拔出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)。侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)中的(de)(de)(de)御(yu)前侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)是皇(huang)(huang)帝的(de)(de)(de)貼身(shen)警(jing)衛(wei)(wei)，由御(yu)前大臣(chen)負責，人員(yuan)都(dou)是從上三旗(qi)(qi)(鑲黃旗(qi)(qi)、正(zheng)黃旗(qi)(qi)、正(zheng)白旗(qi)(qi))中挑選出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)才武出(chu)眾者，共有(you)官兵約600人。另外還有(you)藍翎侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)、宗室侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)數(shu)百人，以(yi)及從滿(man)、蒙上三旗(qi)(qi)中挑選出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)侍(shi)衛(wei)(wei)親軍(jun)1400余人。

發展歷史

唐后期置樞(shu)(shu)密(mi)使，以宦官(guan)任之，掌承受表奏;又用宦官(guan)任護(hu)軍中尉(wei)(wei)，統領神策軍，防守京師。樞(shu)(shu)密(mi)使和護(hu)軍中尉(wei)(wei)稱(cheng)為“內大臣(chen)(chen)”。 清王(wang)士禛《池北偶談·談故二·內大臣(chen)(chen)》：“按唐制，兩樞(shu)(shu)密(mi)使、左右中尉(wei)(wei)稱(cheng)內大臣(chen)(chen)。”

清代制度(du)，設“侍衛(wei)(wei)處”，《清史稿·職(zhi)官(guan)(guan)志》說(shuo):“侍衛(wei)(wei)處設領侍衛(wei)(wei)內大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)，正(zheng)(zheng)一品(pin)(pin);內大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)，從一品(pin)(pin)，各(ge)六(liu)人(ren)”。清官(guan)(guan)名。掌(zhang)統率由(you)上三(san)(san)旗(qi)子弟(di)組成的侍衛(wei)(wei)親軍，翊衛(wei)(wei)扈從。官(guan)(guan)階正(zheng)(zheng)一品(pin)(pin)，鑲(xiang)黃(huang)、正(zheng)(zheng)黃(huang)、正(zheng)(zheng)白三(san)(san)旗(qi)各(ge)二(er)(er)人(ren)，在武職(zhi)中品(pin)(pin)級最高。以(yi)下有內大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)六(liu)人(ren)，從一品(pin)(pin)，亦(yi)每(mei)旗(qi)二(er)(er)人(ren);散秩大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)無員限，從二(er)(er)品(pin)(pin)。所轄侍衛(wei)(wei)，一等(deng)六(liu)十人(ren)均正(zheng)(zheng)三(san)(san)品(pin)(pin);二(er)(er)等(deng)一百五(wu)十人(ren);三(san)(san)等(deng)二(er)(er)百七十人(ren)，正(zheng)(zheng)五(wu)品(pin)(pin);藍翊侍衛(wei)(wei)九十人(ren);以(yi)及四等(deng)侍衛(wei)(wei)、漢(han)侍衛(wei)(wei)、親軍校等(deng)。營(ying)兵(bing)亦(yi)自(zi)三(san)(san)旗(qi)中挑選。

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