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中國人民銀行治理體制改革

話(hua)歷史 2023-12-28 21:04:25

在22年前的今天,1998年11月15日(ri),中國人民銀行管理體(ti)制改(gai)革(ge)。

1998年11月15日,黨中(zhong)央、國務院作出決定,對中(zhong)國人民銀行管理體制實(shi)行改革,撤消省(sheng)(sheng)級分行,跨省(sheng)(sheng)(自(zi)治區、直轄市)設置9家分行。

為(wei)貫徹黨中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)決(jue)定,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)京召開全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)長會議。中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)政治局委員、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)副總理(li)溫家寶到會并作(zuo)重要(yao)講(jiang)話。溫家寶說,根據黨中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)部署,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)管理(li)體制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)工作(zuo)開始(shi)全面(mian)啟動。撤消人(ren)民(min)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)省級(ji)分(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing),跨行(xing)(xing)(xing)政區設置分(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing),是(shi)黨中(zhong)央(yang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)出的(de)(de)重要(yao)決(jue)策,是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)金融體制(zhi)的(de)(de)一項重大改革,對建立(li)現代金融體制(zhi)具有深(shen)遠的(de)(de)歷(li)史意義。

溫家寶說,改(gai)革開(kai)放20年(nian)來,我國(guo)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)穩步發展,對外開(kai)放逐漸擴大,金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)制改(gai)革逐漸深化(hua)(hua)。到今年(nian)10月(yue)底,金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構人民幣各(ge)項存款余額(e)達9.3萬(wan)億元(yuan)(yuan),各(ge)項貸款余額(e)8.3萬(wan)億元(yuan)(yuan),國(guo)家外匯(hui)儲(chu)備達1437億美元(yuan)(yuan),分(fen)別比1978年(nian)增長82倍(bei)(bei),45倍(bei)(bei)和845倍(bei)(bei);個人儲(chu)蓄(xu)存款余額(e)5.2萬(wan)億元(yuan)(yuan),比1978年(nian)增長249倍(bei)(bei)。目(mu)前,已基本構成了(le)由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)銀行(xing)調控和監督、國(guo)家銀行(xing)動(dong)主體(ti)、政(zheng)策性金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)與商(shang)業(ye)性金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)分(fen)工、多種(zhong)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構合作(zuo)、功(gong)能互補的(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。新(xin)的(de)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)在(zai)抑制通貨(huo)膨脹和增進(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)發展中(zhong)(zhong)發揮了(le)積極(ji)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。與此(ci)同(tong)時,我們必須蘇醒地認識到我國(guo)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)在(zai)發展中(zhong)(zhong)也存在(zai)風險(xian)。黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)、國(guo)務院對防(fang)范(fan)和化(hua)(hua)解金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)10分(fen)重視,去年(nian)11月(yue),中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)召(zhao)開(kai)全國(guo)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)工作(zuo)會議,制定了(le)深化(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)改(gai)革、整理金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)秩序、防(fang)范(fan)和化(hua)(hua)解金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風險(xian)的(de)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)措施。目(mu)前,這些措施正在(zai)逐漸貫徹(che)落實,并已收到成效。

溫家寶說,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系的(de)核(he)心,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)事關全部(bu)經濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)和(he)(he)(he)宏觀調(diao)控(kong)的(de)大局。隨(sui)著金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)深入和(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)發展,現行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)已不能(neng)適(shi)應新情(qing)勢(shi)下中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)依法實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職責(ze)的(de)需(xu)要(yao),而且與金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構業務發展不相適(shi)應,改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)勢(shi)在必(bi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。這次改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)人民銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)是建立(li)社會主義市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)必(bi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu),也是當前加強(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)迫切需(xu)要(yao)。人民銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)方案,是黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)務院經太長(chang)期醞(yun)釀、反復研究、慎重決(jue)策肯定(ding)(ding)的(de)。撤消人民銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)省(sheng)級分行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),建立(li)9個(ge)跨省(sheng)(自治區、直轄市(shi))分行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有益(yi)于增(zeng)強(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貨幣政策的(de)權(quan)威(wei)性;有益(yi)于增(zeng)強(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)獨立(li)性;有益(yi)于增(zeng)強(qiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)統一和(he)(he)(he)效能(neng),在跨省(sheng)范圍內統一調(diao)度監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)氣力(li),擺脫各方面(mian)的(de)干預,嚴(yan)肅查(cha)處背規的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構和(he)(he)(he)責(ze)任人,提高金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)效力(li)。這項改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)標(biao)志著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)進(jin)入了(le)(le)1個(ge)新階(jie)段,邁出了(le)(le)重要(yao)的(de)1步。

溫家寶說(shuo),這次人(ren)民銀行(xing)跨省區市設置分行(xing)的(de)改(gai)革(ge),牽涉各個方(fang)面的(de)關系,工(gong)作(zuo)任(ren)務很艱巨。因此(ci),一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)加強領導,精心組織,周到部署。要(yao)(yao)把(ba)各方(fang)面的(de)思(si)想(xiang)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)到中央的(de)決策上來。統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)認識(shi),統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)動,確保體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)和金融監管工(gong)作(zuo)兩不誤。他對做好人(ren)民銀行(xing)管理體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)工(gong)作(zuo)提出了3點要(yao)(yao)求:

一是(shi)抓緊配(pei)備分(fen)行的領(ling)導(dao)班子(zi)。選(xuan)配(pei)好(hao)跨省區市分(fen)行的領(ling)導(dao)班子(zi),是(shi)這次改革順利(li)進(jin)行的重要(yao)保證。關鍵是(shi)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)正確的干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)線路,堅(jian)持(chi)任人(ren)(ren)唯賢(xian),堅(jian)持(chi)德(de)才兼備,堅(jian)持(chi)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)的4化,真正把堅(jian)決履行黨(dang)的基(ji)本線路,有(you)高度革命事業(ye)心(xin)和(he)強烈的政治責任感(gan),熟習金(jin)融(rong)業(ye)務,在金(jin)融(rong)改革和(he)發展中(zhong)實績突出、清(qing)正廉潔(jie)、大眾信(xin)任的干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)提拔到領(ling)導(dao)崗(gang)位上(shang)來。領(ling)導(dao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)必須能上(shang)能下,能進(jin)能出,人(ren)(ren)民銀行各(ge)級領(ling)導(dao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu),要(yao)正確對待權利(li)、名位和(he)去留,自覺服(fu)從組織安排,在新的崗(gang)位上(shang)更好(hao)地為黨(dang)和(he)人(ren)(ren)民工作。

二是(shi)認真實行(xing)中(zhong)央銀行(xing)職(zhi)能。這(zhe)次(ci)改革,要(yao)貫徹宏觀調控(kong)權集中(zhong)于總行(xing),監(jian)管(guan)(guan)權適(shi)當集中(zhong),金融(rong)服務(wu)面向(xiang)基層(ceng)的原則。要(yao)在(zai)服務(wu)中(zhong)加強監(jian)管(guan)(guan),在(zai)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)做好服務(wu),在(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)提高監(jian)管(guan)(guan)和(he)服務(wu)的水平。在(zai)改革進程中(zhong),要(yao)嚴格工(gong)作紀律和(he)財經紀律。業務(wu)工(gong)作不(bu)(bu)能脫節,不(bu)(bu)能出現監(jian)管(guan)(guan)真空。跨(kua)行(xing)政辨(bian)別行(xing)的工(gong)作要(yao)盡快(kuai)到位(wei)。要(yao)與原省(sheng)級分行(xing)做好銜接。體制改革后,要(yao)抓緊建立健(jian)全(quan)新的管(guan)(guan)理制度(du),適(shi)應新的工(gong)作需要(yao)。

三是(shi)主動(dong)爭(zheng)取(qu)各(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)(chi)和(he)配合,確保改(gai)革順利進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跨行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)辨別(bie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)設置,斟酌了各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)經(jing)濟和(he)金(jin)融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯度、各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)金(jin)融(rong)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)發育程(cheng)度、各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)金(jin)融(rong)業(ye)務量和(he)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)交(jiao)通條件等(deng)要(yao)素。在管(guan)理(li)(li)體制改(gai)革和(he)今后實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職責(ze)中(zhong),人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)主動(dong)爭(zheng)取(qu)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)黨委(wei)、政(zheng)(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)心、支持(chi)(chi)和(he)配合。各(ge)級地(di)(di)(di)方黨委(wei)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)府也(ye)要(yao)關(guan)心、支持(chi)(chi)和(he)幫助(zhu)人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做好(hao)改(gai)革工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),保證中(zhong)央銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)依法(fa)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職責(ze)。要(yao)協(xie)(xie)助(zhu)人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做好(hao)干部思想工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),幫助(zhu)解決實際困(kun)難;要(yao)支持(chi)(chi)人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)依法(fa)監管(guan),協(xie)(xie)助(zhu)人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)查處金(jin)融(rong)背(bei)規(gui)背(bei)法(fa)案件;對人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)提出批評和(he)建議,但不干涉人民(min)(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)具體業(ye)務;要(yao)管(guan)理(li)(li)好(hao)本地(di)(di)(di)區城市銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)其它小(xiao)型金(jin)融(rong)機構(gou),整(zheng)理(li)(li)金(jin)融(rong)秩序,防范金(jin)融(rong)風險。

溫家寶最后(hou)要求人(ren)民銀行各(ge)級領導(dao),在(zai)以江澤民同(tong)志為(wei)核心的(de)黨中(zhong)央領導(dao)下,依(yi)照(zhao)黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院(yuan)的(de)部署(shu),認真(zhen)做(zuo)好人(ren)民銀行管理(li)體(ti)制改革工作。

會議(yi)期間,中(zhong)國人(ren)民(min)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行行長戴相龍對中(zhong)央銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行管理(li)體制改革工(gong)作進(jin)行具體部署,并(bing)要求人(ren)民(min)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行系(xi)統廣大干部和職工(gong)要以對黨、對人(ren)民(min)、對中(zhong)央銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行事業高度(du)負責的(de)精神統一(yi)安(an)排各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)作,定期推動人(ren)民(min)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行管理(li)體制改革。

據介紹,人民(min)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)新設(she)立的9個跨(kua)省區市分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是:天津(jin)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)天津(jin)、河北(bei)、山(shan)西(xi)(xi)、內蒙古);沈陽分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)遼寧(ning)、吉(ji)林、黑龍江);上海(hai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)上海(hai)、浙江、福建);南(nan)(nan)京分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)江蘇、安徽(hui));濟南(nan)(nan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)山(shan)東(dong)、河南(nan)(nan));武漢分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)江西(xi)(xi)、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan));廣州分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)廣東(dong)、廣西(xi)(xi)、海(hai)南(nan)(nan));成都分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)四川、貴州、云南(nan)(nan)、西(xi)(xi)藏);西(xi)(xi)安分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)陜西(xi)(xi)、甘肅(su)、青海(hai)、寧(ning)夏、新疆)。撤(che)消北(bei)京分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)和重慶分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing),由總行(xing)(xing)(xing)營(ying)業管(guan)理部實行(xing)(xing)(xing)所在地(di)中央銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)職(zhi)責。

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