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中藥藥效不顯著?有可能是煎藥方法不對,正確煎藥方法分享

生(sheng)活百(bai)事通 2023-09-20 12:42:22

作者:蔻仁君

除了開(kai)對方藥(yao)之外,中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)煎(jian)煮也(ye)是治療的(de)重要環(huan)節。看似簡(jian)單的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)煎(jian)煮,其實還有(you)許多(duo)需(xu)要注意的(de)細節,今天金華佗就給大(da)家帶來正確的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)煎(jian)煮法。

煎藥用具:煎(jian)藥鍋(guo)宜用砂鍋(guo)或搪瓷(ci)皿為好,忌鐵器。

煎藥前準備:潔凈冷水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)沒(mei)藥(yao)物(wu),略(lve)高于藥(yao)面2~3公分,滋補藥(yao)加水(shui)(shui)宜多些,浸(jin)泡(pao)20~30分鐘,以利(li)有效(xiao)成分溶(rong)出(chu)。

煎藥方法:藥(yao)(yao)物經水浸片(pian)刻,再(zai)行煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu)。沸(fei)(fei)后(hou)改用微火,以(yi)免過快煎(jian)(jian)(jian)干。一般藥(yao)(yao)物煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu)兩次(ci)(ci),頭煎(jian)(jian)(jian)沸(fei)(fei)后(hou)約25分鐘(zhong),二煎(jian)(jian)(jian)約20分鐘(zhong)。若含芳香(xiang)揮發油(you)或解表藥(yao)(yao)如紫蘇、荊芥、薄荷(he)等煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu)時間應短(duan),煮(zhu)(zhu)沸(fei)(fei)后(hou)保持3~5分鐘(zhong)即可,滋補藥(yao)(yao)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu)時間宜(yi)(yi)長,煮(zhu)(zhu)沸(fei)(fei)后(hou)文火煮(zhu)(zhu)1~2小時。每次(ci)(ci)熬(ao)成藥(yao)(yao)液200到(dao)300毫升為宜(yi)(yi),一、二次(ci)(ci)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)汁混合一起,分兩次(ci)(ci)或數(shu)次(ci)(ci)飲(yin)服。實踐證明(ming),除解表藥(yao)(yao)和(he)芳香(xiang)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)外,二煎(jian)(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)效果(guo)不次(ci)(ci)于一煎(jian)(jian)(jian)。治熱性(xing)病,煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)液宜(yi)(yi)多些,并需分多次(ci)(ci)飲(yin)服,才能保證藥(yao)(yao)力(li)持續,收到(dao)療效。

細(xi)心的朋友可(ke)能會有(you)疑問,為什么中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)須(xu)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)呢?中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分逐漸由(you)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材內部向(xiang)湯液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)解,但(dan)也(ye)不是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直溶(rong)(rong)出,當飲(yin)片(pian)本身(shen)與藥(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分濃(nong)度(du)平衡時,溶(rong)(rong)出會減少甚至停止,這時取(qu)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)汁(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),加清(qing)水建立新的濃(nong)度(du)差,進行二煎(jian)(jian)(jian),可(ke)使有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步溶(rong)(rong)出(研究提示煎(jian)(jian)(jian)兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)可(ke)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)出有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分的90%以上,較(jiao)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)煮(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)可(ke)提升效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)約(yue)10%)。此(ci)外,由(you)于各(ge)種藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材的質(zhi)地堅(jian)松有(you)異,有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分的難溶(rong)(rong)、易溶(rong)(rong)有(you)別,所(suo)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)、次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)汁(zhi)(zhi)的藥(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)不但(dan)在濃(nong)度(du)上有(you)所(suo)不同,而且內容成(cheng)(cheng)分也(ye)稍有(you)差別。例如(ru):薄荷、砂(sha)仁等芳香性藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)雖然已經“后(hou)(hou)下”,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)到了(le)第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)取(qu)時基本上可(ke)說是(shi)(shi)“藥(yao)(yao)(yao)力已過(guo)”;相反,一(yi)(yi)(yi)些質(zhi)堅(jian)性膩的藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(如(ru)牡蠣,熟地),其(qi)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分不易煎(jian)(jian)(jian)出,如(ru)按一(yi)(yi)(yi)般煎(jian)(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的習慣,有(you)時二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)汁(zhi)(zhi)并不比一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)汁(zhi)(zhi)淡。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)見,中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)僅煎(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)不夠的,煎(jian)(jian)(jian)兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)比較(jiao)合(he)理,少數地區還(huan)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)第(di)三汁(zhi)(zhi)。當然,不管煎(jian)(jian)(jian)幾(ji)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),比較(jiao)科學的辦法是(shi)(shi)將煎(jian)(jian)(jian)汁(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)和(he)后(hou)(hou)分次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)服(fu)用。

特殊處理:為了充分(fen)發揮藥效(xiao),常對(dui)某些藥物采取先煎(jian)(jian),后下,布(bu)包煎(jian)(jian),另煎(jian)(jian),烊化,沖服(fu),泡服(fu)等。

先(xian)煎(jian):礦石(shi)(shi)及(ji)貝(bei)殼(ke)類(lei)質堅(jian)難煎(jian)的藥(yao)物,如生石(shi)(shi)膏、生牡(mu)蠣、龍骨、龍齒、磁石(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)決明、代赭石(shi)(shi)、龜板等應打碎先(xian)煎(jian)數沸,約15~30分鐘,然后再下(xia)其它藥(yao)。

后下:有(you)效(xiao)成分為揮發油、甙類或氣味芳香如砂(sha)仁(ren)、杏仁(ren)、大黃、薄(bo)荷、木香、沉香、降香、丁香、魚腥草、荊芥等不宜久煎,應(ying)在一般藥(yao)物煎煮約15分鐘再下,煎兩三沸(fei)(約3~5分鐘)即可,以防有(you)效(xiao)成分逸散。

包(bao)煎:為防止藥(yao)液渾濁煎糊及減少(shao)對消化道,咽喉的(de)刺激,如旋復花、枇杷葉、赤石(shi)脂等宜布(bu)包(bao)后與(yu)其它藥(yao)物一起煎煮。

另(ling)煎(jian)(jian):有(you)些貴重藥(yao)(yao)物(wu),如人參(can)、鹿茸等需單獨(du)切片另(ling)煎(jian)(jian),煮(zhu)沸(fei)約30分鐘(zhong)后濾(lv)出(chu)藥(yao)(yao)汁(zhi),再煎(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)次,一(yi)(yi)、二(er)兩煎(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)汁(zhi)混合(he),最后可兌入合(he)煎(jian)(jian)的(de)藥(yao)(yao)液中一(yi)(yi)起服用(yong)。

烊(yang)(溶(rong))化:阿膠(jiao)(jiao)、鹿角膠(jiao)(jiao)、飴糖之類,久煎易粘鍋(guo)煮焦(jiao),且(qie)附著它(ta)藥,影響(xiang)藥物有(you)效成分溶(rong)解(jie)。用時應在它(ta)藥煎好后,置去(qu)渣之藥液中溶(rong)解(jie),趁熱內服。

沖(chong)服:丸(wan)、散、自然(ran)汁及某些(xie)藥物需(xu)用溫開水另行沖(chong)服,如珍珠粉、羚羊角粉、牛黃、琥珀末、砂仁末、參(can)三(san)七粉、竹(zhu)瀝、六神丸(wan)等。

泡服:用(yong)(yong)量少(shao)而用(yong)(yong)開水泡后即服,如藏紅(hong)花、肉桂、胖大海(hai)、番瀉(xie)葉、午時(shi)茶(cha)等,將藥物放入有蓋杯(bei)內開水沖入,加(jia)蓋悶10分鐘左(zuo)右,濾取藥汁服用(yong)(yong)。

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