頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)很普遍(bian),是(shi)神經內科門(men)診最常(chang)見(jian)的疾病。按(an)照國際通行的《頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)分類(lei)診斷標準(zhun)》,頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)有上(shang)百個種(zhong)類(lei)。但總體來說,上(shang)百種(zhong)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)可以分為兩大類(lei):一類(lei)是(shi)繼發性頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong),能找到明(ming)確病因,包(bao)括顱(lu)內腫瘤、出血、腦膜炎、高血壓等器質性病變;另(ling)一類(lei)是(shi)原發性頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong),即(ji)病人(ren)反復頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong),除此之外(wai)沒有別的不舒服,找不到明(ming)確的導致頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)的原因。
原發性(xing)(xing)頭痛(tong)(tong)一(yi)般有4種。第一(yi)種為偏(pian)頭痛(tong)(tong)。它是反復(fu)發作(zuo)的一(yi)側或兩側搏動性(xing)(xing)頭痛(tong)(tong),一(yi)般疼痛(tong)(tong)劇烈。頭痛(tong)(tong)期間不少患者(zhe)伴隨出(chu)現惡心(xin)、嘔吐、視物不清、畏(wei)光、畏(wei)聲(sheng)等。
第二種為緊張(zhang)型(xing)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛,是慢性頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛中最常見的(de)一(yi)種,其(qi)發(fa)病(bing)與社會心理(li)壓力、焦慮、抑郁(yu),及肌(ji)肉緊張(zhang)、濫(lan)用(yong)止(zhi)痛藥物等因(yin)素有關,多表現為幾乎每(mei)日雙側枕、頸部,額顳部或全頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)非搏動(dong)性頭(tou)(tou)(tou)痛,通常為持(chi)續性鈍痛、脹痛,像一(yi)條帶子緊束頭(tou)(tou)(tou)部的(de)壓迫感或沉重感,有時出(chu)現頭(tou)(tou)(tou)發(fa)牽拉性痛。
第三種是(shi)三叉神經、自主神經性頭痛,這種頭痛常發病急,在一段時間內非常頻(pin)繁,并且程(cheng)度劇烈,陣發性短時劇痛,有(you)時僅為(wei)十(shi)幾秒鐘(zhong),但反復發作,這是(shi)一類最嚴重的頭痛。
第四種(zhong)就是其他原(yuan)發性(xing)頭痛,包括原(yuan)發性(xing)咳嗽頭痛、原(yuan)發性(xing)運(yun)動頭痛、冷刺激頭痛、外部壓力性(xing)頭痛等。
中醫認(ren)為:各種原因導致(zhi)的(de)臟(zang)腑經(jing)絡氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)運(yun)(yun)行不暢(chang)(chang),或瘀滯不行,或產生逆亂(luan),或氣(qi)(qi)機升降失常等氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)運(yun)(yun)行障礙的(de)病(bing)理改變,就會(hui)引起疼(teng)痛,即“不通(tong)則(ze)痛”的(de)病(bing)機。針灸治療通(tong)過對穴位的(de)刺激和溫煦起到疏通(tong)經(jing)脈、行氣(qi)(qi)活血(xue)(xue)的(de)作(zuo)用,改善(shan)病(bing)變部位的(de)氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)運(yun)(yun)行狀態,從而改善(shan)病(bing)痛處(chu)營養狀態,恢(hui)復其正常的(de)生理活動,即經(jing)絡通(tong)暢(chang)(chang),臟(zang)腑恢(hui)復相(xiang)對陰陽(yang)平衡。
針灸可以治(zhi)療許多慢性(xing)疼痛(tong),如頭痛(tong)、頸(jing)椎痛(tong)、肩周炎、痛(tong)經(jing)、帶狀皰疹(zhen)、腰疼、膝關節、踝關節疼痛(tong)等。
頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)嚴格來說它(ta)不是一個(ge)專門的病,只是一個(ge)癥狀。很多病都會引起頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong),感冒發(fa)燒會頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong),腦子里(li)長瘤子也(ye)會頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong),即使(shi)什(shen)么(me)事都沒有也(ye)可能會頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)。專家說:“針(zhen)灸治療原發(fa)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)效果最好。”
所謂原發(fa)的(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)就是(shi)指人體沒有(you)(you)其(qi)他(ta)病,而自發(fa)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)病。頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)很多(duo)經脈(mo)循行所過,不同經脈(mo)病變(bian),在頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)上表(biao)現(xian)為不同部(bu)(bu)位的(de)(de)疼(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)。針灸治(zhi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)用經絡(luo)辨(bian)證(zheng)的(de)(de)方法,將頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)部(bu)(bu)位分(fen)屬(shu)的(de)(de)不同經絡(luo),來辨(bian)證(zheng)取(qu)穴,如兩邊頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)叫(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)陽頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong),頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)頂痛(tong)(tong)(tong)叫(jiao)(jiao)厥(jue)陰頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)。國內外的(de)(de)研(yan)究證(zheng)明,針灸止痛(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)療效比藥物要好(hao)。
針灸(jiu)可以降低頭痛(tong)發作的(de)(de)次數,專家說(shuo),曾(ceng)經(jing)有個(ge)年(nian)輕的(de)(de)女病人,有原(yuan)發性偏頭痛(tong),來月經(jing)的(de)(de)時候疼得更(geng)厲害。經(jing)過(guo)一段時間的(de)(de)針灸(jiu)治療(liao),頭痛(tong)消失,很(hen)少復發。
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