偏(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)常見(jian)的頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)癥(zheng),一(yi)般經常有壓力的人(ren)和睡(shui)眠不好的人(ren)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)作。偏(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)是(shi)一(yi)種神經性(xing)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong),如果不及時治(zhi)療(liao)(liao),就(jiu)會(hui)引起(qi)顱內血(xue)管(guan)功能異常,因此,偏(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)患者要(yao)及時發(fa)(fa)現原(yuan)因并進行治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。那(nei)么(me),偏(pian)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)是(shi)是(shi)么(me)原(yuan)因導致的,應該怎么(me)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)呢?。
1、引發偏(pian)頭痛的原因
遺傳因素
很(hen)多(duo)臨床實例已(yi)經證實偏頭(tou)痛是具有(you)一(yi)定遺(yi)(yi)傳因素,但是目前還未發現其(qi)具體的遺(yi)(yi)傳規律(lv),也沒(mei)有(you)明顯(xian)的顯(xian)性(xing)和隱性(xing)的區分(fen),只(zhi)反映了其(qi)遺(yi)(yi)傳性(xing)和環境因素以及多(duo)種控(kong)制基因有(you)關,并(bing)是不是單一(yi)基因決定,具有(you)60%的家(jia)族遺(yi)(yi)傳可(ke)能,有(you)偏頭(tou)痛病史的人其(qi)親屬的患病風險是正常(chang)人的3~6倍(bei)。
內分泌因素
偏(pian)頭痛多(duo)以(yi)年輕女性為高發(fa)(fa)人群,男性和絕經(jing)期(qi)(qi)后的(de)(de)女性發(fa)(fa)作較少,尤其以(yi)女性經(jing)期(qi)(qi)為只要高發(fa)(fa)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),由此(ci)可見(jian)這種頭痛癥與內(nei)分泌有關,經(jing)期(qi)(qi)時(shi)女性的(de)(de)內(nei)分泌系統比較紊亂(luan),偏(pian)頭痛高發(fa)(fa),此(ci)外,5-羥色胺(5-HT)、去(qu)甲腎上(shang)腺(xian)素、P物質和花生四烯(xi)酸等代謝異常也(ye)可影響(xiang)偏(pian)頭痛發(fa)(fa)生。
藥食因素
很多食(shi)物(wu)藥物(wu)中都(dou)能(neng)含有(you)刺激(ji)性成分(fen),有(you)的(de)(de)成分(fen)自身對體(ti)內(nei)(nei)多種受體(ti)具有(you)活性,能(neng)和體(ti)內(nei)(nei)很多受體(ti)結合,擾(rao)亂(luan)(luan)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)泌,有(you)的(de)(de)成分(fen)則是(shi)通過刺激(ji)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)激(ji)素(su)的(de)(de)分(fen)泌來(lai)擾(rao)亂(luan)(luan)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)泌,比(bi)如奶酪(lao)中含有(you)酪(lao)胺(an),腌制(zhi)食(shi)物(wu)中含有(you)亞(ya)硝酸銨,味(wei)精(jing)中含有(you)谷(gu)氨(an)酸鈉(na)等(deng)根(gen)由很多食(shi)物(wu)中含有(you)雌激(ji)素(su),這些都(dou)是(shi)偏(pian)頭痛的(de)(de)引(yin)發因素(su)。
情緒因素
人是感情動(dong)物,激動(dong)時會出現體內(nei)激素分(fen)泌過多,最為明顯的是心跳加快(kuai),血液循(xun)環加速,那(nei)抑郁時呢(ni)?其實,緊張情緒,精神(shen)創傷(shang),憂慮,焦慮,失眠,過度勞累等都(dou)(dou)會改變(bian)體內(nei)內(nei)分(fen)泌,都(dou)(dou)有可能引(yin)發偏頭痛。
2、偏(pian)頭(tou)痛應該做哪些檢查
腦電(dian)圖檢(jian)查(cha):偏頭痛主要表現是頭痛,應該首先(xian)查(cha)腦電(dian)圖,看腦電(dian)圖是否(fou)存在特異性(xing)。
腦脊液(ye)檢查:頭痛嚴(yan)重時(shi)需要進行腦脊液(ye)檢查,避(bi)免感(gan)染引(yin)起腦部疼(teng)痛。
腦血圖(tu)檢查:偏頭(tou)痛(tong)的腦血圖(tu)具(ju)有明顯(xian)的變化,主要(yao)表現是波(bo)幅(fu)不(bu)具(ju)有對稱性,高(gao)低不(bu)平衡。
血(xue)小(xiao)板機能檢查:偏頭痛的病人血(xue)小(xiao)板可能出現異常(chang),比如集聚性升高等。
3、偏頭痛的治療
藥物治療
偏(pian)頭(tou)痛疼痛時(shi)很(hen)難忍受,因此,藥物(wu)治療(liao)主要選(xuan)擇一些止痛鎮痛的藥物(wu),這(zhe)類藥物(wu)是頭(tou)痛時(shi)的臨(lin)時(shi)藥物(wu),在頭(tou)痛時(shi)服(fu)(fu)用,在正常是需要服(fu)(fu)用其他類藥物(wu)來預防偏(pian)頭(tou)痛,也(ye)同(tong)時(shi)對偏(pian)頭(tou)痛的伴(ban)隨癥狀也(ye)需進行(xing)治療(liao)。
鎮(zhen)痛止痛藥物:乙(yi)酰氨基酚、萘(nai)普生、布洛芬(fen)等單一(yi)止痛藥物。
預(yu)防藥(yao)物:β腎上腺素能受體阻滯劑,鈣離(li)子拮抗(kang)劑,抗(kang)癲癇藥(yao),抗(kang)抑郁藥(yao)等。
伴隨(sui)癥(zheng)狀藥物:止吐劑(ji),鎮(zhen)靜劑(ji)。
物理治療
偏頭痛可以通(tong)過理療來緩解癥狀(zhuang),主要通(tong)過磁療和氧療來促(cu)進血液循環,緩解病癥。但是(shi)歲(sui)疾病的根本上治療卻(que)沒(mei)有多大作用。
情緒治療
情(qing)緒是導致片頭痛的(de)一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)要因(yin)素,因(yin)此,情(qing)緒的(de)治(zhi)療也是必不可(ke)少的(de),定時的(de)去看(kan)心理(li)醫(yi)生(sheng),進行心理(li)的(de)疏導,緩解(jie)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)壓力,對偏(pian)頭痛有很好的(de)預防和(he)治(zhi)療效果。
4、偏(pian)頭痛的注意事項
1.酪(lao)胺類食物是偏頭痛(tong)患者的禁忌(ji)飲食,比如:奶酪(lao),巧克力等(deng)。
2.飲酒會引(yin)發(fa)頭(tou)痛(tong),因此,偏(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)患(huan)者要盡量少飲酒,尤(you)其(qi)紅酒,其(qi)含有很多引(yin)發(fa)偏(pian)頭(tou)痛(tong)的化學成分。
3.調整生(sheng)活和工作的(de)時間,注意(yi)緩(huan)解壓力,放松自(zi)己,保持(chi)一個良好的(de)心(xin)情是(shi)偏頭痛的(de)主要(yao)預防措施(shi)。
4.作(zuo)息(xi)規律(lv),睡眠保證,適(shi)當的運動,尤其是(shi)加重呼吸的訓(xun)練,比(bi)如瑜(yu)伽(jia),氣功(gong)等。
5、偏頭痛患者(zhe)應適量吃的(de)食(shi)物
一、含酪胺酸的食(shi)物。
奶酪(lao)起司、巧克力、柑橘類食物、以及腌漬(zi)沙(sha)丁魚、雞(ji)肝、西紅柿、牛奶、乳酸(suan)飲料等富含酪(lao)胺酸(suan),而酪(lao)胺酸(suan)是造成血管痙攣的主要誘因,所以如果你有偏(pian)頭疼的病史,那(nei)么最(zui)好(hao)遠離這些食物。
二、香腸、熱狗。
香腸、熱狗、火(huo)腿、臘(la)肉(rou)等(deng)腌熏(xun)肉(rou)類、加工(gong)肉(rou)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)含有(you)亞硝酸鹽(yan)的食品(pin)(pin)。以及含味精多的食品(pin)(pin)會(hui)害(hai)你偏頭痛,日(ri)常生活中(zhong)最好盡量(liang)少吃(chi)些。
三、警惕代糖食品。
代(dai)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)會(hui)過度刺(ci)激(ji)或干擾神經末梢、增加肌肉(rou)緊張,而引(yin)發(fa)偏(pian)頭疼,而低(di)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)可樂、低(di)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)汽(qi)水、無(wu)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)口(kou)香糖(tang)(tang)(tang)、冰淇淋、綜合維他命和許多成藥中都含(han)有阿斯巴甜(tian),所以對代(dai)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)過敏的人,只要啜飲一小口(kou)低(di)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)汽(qi)水就會(hui)引(yin)發(fa)頭痛。
四、謹慎(shen)使(shi)用止痛藥。
止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)藥可能是個誘人(ren)的陷阱(jing)。許多人(ren)私自服(fu)用(yong)止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)藥以企圖減輕疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),然(ran)而超量服(fu)用(yong)止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)藥,不(bu)但(dan)無(wu)法解疼,相(xiang)反地(di)會(hui)造成(cheng)藥物引(yin)起的“反彈性頭痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”,讓你患(huan)上(shang)慢性偏頭疼,如果你一星期(qi)吃(chi)超過2或3次(ci)止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)藥來緩解疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。請馬(ma)上(shang)就(jiu)醫!
五、適量咖啡。
咖啡(fei)因會(hui)刺(ci)激神(shen)經(jing)系統(tong)干擾睡(shui)眠,喝(he)多易上癮(yin),而(er)戒咖啡(fei)時則會(hui)引發偏頭疼,所以一天(tian)中攝入的咖啡(fei)的含(han)量最(zui)好(hao)少(shao)于100毫(hao)克。
偏頭痛是(shi)人(ren)類歷史(shi)上(shang)最常見的病痛之一,大約有12%的人(ren)受此(ci)病痛困擾。女性(xing)發病人(ren)數遠超男性(xing)。人(ren)類對偏頭痛的治療有三次顯(xian)著突破。
1.要(yao)治(zhi)療(liao)疾病(bing)一(yi)般都是(shi)先要(yao)弄清楚致(zhi)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)原因。最(zui)初人們對偏(pian)頭(tou)痛的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)因認(ren)知(zhi)是(shi)非常簡單粗暴(bao)的(de)(de)(de),認(ren)為這是(shi)惡靈入侵大腦(nao)所致(zhi)。所以采取放血、鉆頭(tou)蓋骨、請巫(wu)師驅(qu)魔等等。直到1920年代醫生發現偏(pian)頭(tou)痛的(de)(de)(de)疼(teng)痛頻率和節(jie)奏與脈(mo)(mo)搏高度一(yi)致(zhi)。而且(qie)用力壓(ya)迫(po)頸動(dong)脈(mo)(mo)疼(teng)痛就會(hui)緩(huan)解。人們第一(yi)次突破(po)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識到偏(pian)頭(tou)痛與腦(nao)部供血有(you)密(mi)切關系。經(jing)過(guo)解剖學(xue)進一(yi)步(bu)研究終于(yu)知(zhi)道(dao)一(yi)切頭(tou)疼(teng)都是(shi)腦(nao)部血管過(guo)度充血壓(ya)迫(po)腦(nao)神經(jing)引起的(de)(de)(de)。
2.之后對于(yu)偏(pian)頭痛(tong)的(de)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)往往是通過(guo)讓血(xue)(xue)(xue)管收縮(suo)(suo)的(de)藥(yao)(yao)物來治(zhi)療(liao)(liao),從(cong)最早(zao)的(de)麥角(jiao)胺(an)到后來發展到以(yi)曲(qu)坦類(lei)為主藥(yao)(yao)物,其目的(de)都(dou)是要讓腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)管強烈收縮(suo)(suo)減輕痛(tong)感(gan)。從(cong)臨床(chuang)實(shi)驗(yan)來看治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)效(xiao)果一般。因為這(zhe)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)物起效(xiao)緩慢,患者感(gan)覺偏(pian)頭痛(tong)要發作開(kai)始(shi)吃藥(yao)(yao),有(you)(you)些(xie)在服用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物幾(ji)小時后才(cai)有(you)(you)類(lei)似血(xue)(xue)(xue)管收縮(suo)(suo)的(de)療(liao)(liao)效(xiao),但是疼痛(tong)已(yi)經過(guo)去了。而且曲(qu)坦類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)物原本(ben)是用(yong)于(yu)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓和(he)心血(xue)(xue)(xue)管的(de)藥(yao)(yao)物。一旦開(kai)始(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)便要長期(qi)服用(yong)才(cai)能見效(xiao),有(you)(you)一定副作用(yong)。有(you)(you)些(xie)效(xiao)果好(hao)的(de)曲(qu)坦類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)物還有(you)(you)成(cheng)癮的(de)潛在危險(xian)。
3.最(zui)近一(yi)次治(zhi)療偏(pian)頭痛(tong)的(de)突破是在神(shen)經(jing)學的(de)到長足發展之后,人們(men)認識到三(san)叉神(shen)經(jing)是導致(zhi)大腦(nao)疼(teng)痛(tong)的(de)主要回路。只要找到激(ji)活三(san)叉神(shen)經(jing)通路的(de)化學物(wu)(wu)質,并(bing)用其他(ta)物(wu)(wu)質將它(ta)阻斷(duan)(duan),那(nei)么(me)大腦(nao)就(jiu)感受(shou)不(bu)到疼(teng)痛(tong)了(le)。這(zhe)就(jiu)好比將原本的(de)鑰匙弄插上一(yi)把(ba)大小差不(bu)多(duo)但卻不(bu)能(neng)開鎖的(de)鑰匙,那(nei)么(me)正確的(de)鑰匙就(jiu)沒(mei)機(ji)會(hui)開鎖了(le)。這(zhe)種激(ji)活三(san)叉神(shen)經(jing)的(de)物(wu)(wu)質被叫做CGRP,針對阻斷(duan)(duan)這(zhe)種物(wu)(wu)質所研(yan)發的(de)藥物(wu)(wu)取得了(le)非常好的(de)療效。那(nei)些(xie)(xie)偏(pian)頭痛(tong)最(zui)嚴重的(de)患者(zhe)用藥后疼(teng)痛(tong)次數平(ping)均減少60%。有(you)些(xie)(xie)甚(shen)至再也沒(mei)有(you)復發過。但是偏(pian)頭痛(tong)的(de)治(zhi)療研(yan)究還遠沒(mei)有(you)結束(shu),為什么(me)人體(ti)會(hui)產生(sheng)讓自己(ji)頭痛(tong)的(de)化學物(wu)(wu)質?是不(bu)是警告身體(ti)某些(xie)(xie)部位承(cheng)受(shou)太(tai)大壓力(li)需要休(xiu)息?目前(qian)這(zhe)種阻斷(duan)(duan)治(zhi)療會(hui)有(you)其他(ta)副作用?這(zhe)都(dou)在進一(yi)步的(de)研(yan)究當中。
偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)并不完(wan)全清楚(chu)(chu),目(mu)前考(kao)慮(lv)有(you)(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),首先是遺(yi)傳因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su),如(ru)(ru)果父母患有(you)(you)(you)(you)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),其子女(nv)犯偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)率比(bi)(bi)(bi)普通人(ren)群要(yao)(yao)高。其次由于(yu)(yu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)好發(fa)(fa)于(yu)(yu)女(nv)性,尤其是月(yue)經前后容(rong)易(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo),考(kao)慮(lv)可(ke)能(neng)與(yu)雌激(ji)(ji)素(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan),因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此考(kao)慮(lv)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)能(neng)跟性激(ji)(ji)素(su)是有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)些食(shi)物可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),如(ru)(ru)牛(niu)奶、巧克力、紅酒,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)熏(xun)(xun)(xun)制品,如(ru)(ru)熏(xun)(xun)(xun)魚(yu)、熏(xun)(xun)(xun)肉(rou)等含有(you)(you)(you)(you)酪氨酸比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)高都(dou)可(ke)以誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也有(you)(you)(you)(you)誘(you)(you)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),如(ru)(ru)情緒(xu)緊(jin)張(zhang)、過度勞(lao)累(lei)(lei),在強光(guang)刺(ci)激(ji)(ji)下(xia)會(hui)誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此要(yao)(yao)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免(mian),總(zong)(zong)之引起(qi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)目(mu)前尚不完(wan)全清楚(chu)(chu),應該盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免(mian)誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)并不完(wan)全清楚(chu)(chu),目(mu)前考(kao)慮(lv)有(you)(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),首先是遺(yi)傳因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su),如(ru)(ru)果父母患有(you)(you)(you)(you)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),其子女(nv)犯偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)率比(bi)(bi)(bi)普通人(ren)群要(yao)(yao)高。其次由于(yu)(yu)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)好發(fa)(fa)于(yu)(yu)女(nv)性,尤其是月(yue)經前后容(rong)易(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo),考(kao)慮(lv)可(ke)能(neng)與(yu)雌激(ji)(ji)素(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan),因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此考(kao)慮(lv)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)能(neng)跟性激(ji)(ji)素(su)是有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)些食(shi)物可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),如(ru)(ru)牛(niu)奶、巧克力、紅酒,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)熏(xun)(xun)(xun)制品,如(ru)(ru)熏(xun)(xun)(xun)魚(yu)、熏(xun)(xun)(xun)肉(rou)等含有(you)(you)(you)(you)酪氨酸比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)高都(dou)可(ke)以誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也有(you)(you)(you)(you)誘(you)(you)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin),如(ru)(ru)情緒(xu)緊(jin)張(zhang)、過度勞(lao)累(lei)(lei),在強光(guang)刺(ci)激(ji)(ji)下(xia)會(hui)誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此要(yao)(yao)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免(mian),總(zong)(zong)之引起(qi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)目(mu)前尚不完(wan)全清楚(chu)(chu),應該盡(jin)(jin)(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免(mian)誘(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)。
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