急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)呼吸(xi)(xi)道(dao)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)中，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)占(zhan)90％，而病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)則以(yi)上呼吸(xi)(xi)道(dao)為主，有(you)普(pu)通感(gan)(gan)冒、咽(yan)炎(yan)(yan)、喉-氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)-支(zhi)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)、細支(zhi)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)、嬰(ying)兒(er)(er)皰疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)咽(yan)峽炎(yan)(yan)（herpangina）以(yi)及流(liu)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)胸痛(tong)（pleurodynia）等(deng)。引(yin)(yin)起(qi)肺炎(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不多見，其中以(yi)流(liu)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)感(gan)(gan)冒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為常(chang)見，其他為副(fu)流(liu)感(gan)(gan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、巨細胞(bao)(bao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、腺病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、鼻(bi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、冠狀病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和某些腸(chang)道(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，如柯薩奇、埃可(ke)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)，以(yi)及單(dan)純(chun)皰疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水痘-帶(dai)狀皰疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、風疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、麻疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。嬰(ying)幼(you)兒(er)(er)還常(chang)由呼吸(xi)(xi)道(dao)合胞(bao)(bao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)產生肺炎(yan)(yan)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺炎(yan)(yan)多發(fa)生于冬(dong)春季節，可(ke)散(san)發(fa)流(liu)行(xing)或暴發(fa)。在(zai)非細菌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺炎(yan)(yan)中，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)約占(zhan)25％～50％，患者(zhe)多為兒(er)(er)童，成人(ren)相(xiang)對少見。近年(nian)來由于免疫(yi)抑(yi)制(zhi)藥物廣泛應(ying)用于腫瘤、器(qi)官(guan)移(yi)植，以(yi)及艾滋病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)數逐年(nian)增多等(deng)，單(dan)純(chun)皰疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、水痘-帶(dai)狀皰疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、巨細胞(bao)(bao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)，都可(ke)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)肺炎(yan)(yan)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺炎(yan)(yan)為吸(xi)(xi)入性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)，通過人(ren)與人(ren)的(de)(de)飛沫傳(chuan)(chuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)，主要是由上呼吸(xi)(xi)道(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)向(xiang)下蔓延(yan)所致，常(chang)伴氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)-支(zhi)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)，家畜如馬、豬等(deng)有(you)時帶(dai)有(you)某種流(liu)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)感(gan)(gan)冒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，偶見接觸(chu)傳(chuan)(chuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)。糞經口傳(chuan)(chuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)見于腸(chang)道(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，呼吸(xi)(xi)道(dao)合胞(bao)(bao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)通過塵埃傳(chuan)(chuan)染(ran)(ran)(ran)。器(qi)官(guan)移(yi)植的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例可(ke)以(yi)通過多次輸血(xue)，甚至供者(zhe)的(de)(de)器(qi)官(guan)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。血(xue)行(xing)播散(san)的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺炎(yan)(yan)并(bing)不伴氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)-支(zhi)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)。

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