如何診(zhen)斷老年(nian)(nian)人黏(nian)液(ye)性瓣膜病?據上海遠大心(xin)胸醫院專家說，本病的發生率(lv)隨增齡而(er)上升(sheng)，以老年(nian)(nian)人最多見，尤其(qi)是75 歲以上的老年(nian)(nian)人。關(guan)于老年(nian)(nian)黏(nian)液(ye)樣變性心(xin)瓣膜病的診(zhen)斷，目前尚無明確(que)的診(zhen)斷標(biao)準(zhun)。
上海遠大心(xin)(xin)胸(xiong)醫院專家表(biao)示，老(lao)年人黏(nian)液(ye)性瓣膜病以二尖(jian)瓣受累最多(duo)見(jian)，故對老(lao)年人尤(you)其是高齡老(lao)年人，心(xin)(xin)尖(jian)區(qu)能(neng)聞(wen)及(ji)收縮期(qi)喀喇音和(he)(或(huo))收縮期(qi)雜音，且易(yi)受某些動作和(he)藥物的影響，若能(neng)排(pai)除二尖(jian)瓣環鈣化、乳(ru)頭(tou)肌功能(neng)不全、肥厚性心(xin)(xin)肌病及(ji)風心(xin)(xin)病等疾(ji)病，應考(kao)慮黏(nian)液(ye)樣變(bian)性所(suo)致的二尖(jian)瓣脫垂。
上海遠大心胸醫院專(zhuan)家(jia)介紹，超聲檢查(cha)對老(lao)年人黏液(ye)性(xing)瓣膜病診斷有(you)很(hen)大的幫(bang)助;瓣膜活檢有(you)確診價值，但幾乎(hu)不可能做到，除非(fei)進(jin)行瓣膜置換術(shu)。在二(er)尖瓣黏液(ye)樣變(bian)性(xing)中(zhong)，有(you)22%的患者伴有(you)叁尖瓣或主動脈(mo)瓣黏液(ye)樣變(bian)性(xing)，稱為聯合(he)瓣膜脫垂。
您要問的是老人去藥店檢查，醫生說老人心臟不好怎么辦嗎？辦法如下：
1、首先要控制低鹽低脂飲食，尤其是對于有心衰的病人要嚴格控制鹽的攝入，同時要注意休息，保證充足的睡眠。
2、其次對于心臟不好、心功能不全的老年人，可以使用呋塞米等利尿劑增加水鈉的排出，使用卡托普利、纈沙坦等藥物抑制心功能不全患者的心臟結構改變及逆轉其重構，急性心衰發作可以使用地高辛等進行治療。
3、最后(hou)可以循環遞(di)進地(di)進行有氧(yang)運(yun)動(dong)，如(ru)散步、打(da)太(tai)極(ji)等(deng)，可根據身體的耐受逐步增加運(yun)動(dong)量。
【心慌氣促？可能是(shi)(shi)心臟“閥門”壞了！出現5種癥狀(zhuang)拖不得，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)這4類(lei)人!】
心(xin)臟(zang)是人體的“發動機”，是血液循環(huan)的一個(ge)主發動機，其結(jie)構復雜精妙。而在心(xin)臟(zang)里(li)藏著扇僅有(you)3平(ping)方(fang)厘米的“生命(ming)之門”，它(ta)的運(yun)行(xing)關乎著生命(ming)安全。只是隨著年齡增長(chang)，這扇門帶來的 健康 隱患也隨之增多(duo)，心(xin)臟(zang)瓣(ban)膜病便是其中之一。
心(xin)臟瓣膜(mo)病(bing)是一種常見的(de)心(xin)臟病(bing)。據流行病(bing)學調查統計，我國心(xin)臟瓣膜(mo)病(bing)的(de)發病(bing)率為2.5％~3.2％，按總人(ren)口計算，心(xin)臟瓣膜(mo)病(bing)的(de)患者(zhe)超(chao)過(guo)400萬人(ren)。
心(xin)(xin)臟瓣(ban)膜病(bing)是臨床中較為常見的一類，隨著人口(kou)老齡(ling)化加劇，老年性瓣(ban)膜病(bing)以(yi)及冠心(xin)(xin)病(bing)、心(xin)(xin)梗后(hou)引起的瓣(ban)膜病(bing)變(bian)也越(yue)來越(yue)多。心(xin)(xin)臟瓣(ban)膜一旦發(fa)生故障主要有兩種情況。
比如二尖(jian)瓣因為風(feng)濕的原因變得狹(xia)窄了(le)(le)，血(xue)(xue)液從(cong)肺往心(xin)臟(zang)里流的時候受(shou)到梗阻，流動就不(bu)通暢了(le)(le)；很多老人(ren)也(ye)會出(chu)現心(xin)臟(zang)出(chu)口的主(zhu)動脈瓣梗阻，供(gong)血(xue)(xue)通道被病變的閥(fa)門(men)堵住了(le)(le)，血(xue)(xue)流也(ye)不(bu)通暢。
2. 缺血性因素引起二尖瓣狹窄甚至關閉不全
瓣膜(mo)(mo)發揮正(zheng)常功能需要血流(liu)，一旦瓣膜(mo)(mo)破損以后，血液(ye)就會發生倒流(liu)，從而對整(zheng)個(ge)血液(ye)循環造成(cheng)紊(wen)亂，出(chu)現各種各樣(yang)的癥狀。
雖然心臟有4個瓣膜，但對于成年人來說，更容易發生問題的瓣膜主要是 二尖瓣 和 主動脈瓣 。
瓣膜病很“狡猾”，這(zhe)4類(lei)人一定要格外注(zhu)意：
1. 先天瓣膜不全的患者
先天瓣(ban)膜(mo)發育不好，致使四個瓣(ban)膜(mo)受(shou)力(li)(li)不均，承(cheng)受(shou)更大壓力(li)(li)的瓣(ban)膜(mo)就會毀(hui)損更快，久(jiu)而(er)久(jiu)之就很容易出現瓣(ban)膜(mo)問題了(le)，所以一定要注意養(yang)心護心。
2. 風濕患者
風濕(shi)病在(zai)醫(yi)學(xue)上來(lai)說是(shi)(shi)結(jie)締組織(zhi)病，而心臟瓣膜就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個結(jie)締組織(zhi)，因此(ci)，風濕(shi)熱發生，瓣膜也會發生改(gai)變，出現狹窄(zhai)關(guan)閉(bi)不全的問題。
3. 中老年人
人隨(sui)著年(nian)齡的增長(chang)，器官(guan)都在不(bu)斷地老化，心臟瓣膜(mo)一直(zhi)不(bu)停地開關(guan)保持血液流動，也開始老化出現打不(bu)開關(guan)不(bu)上的現象，形成老年(nian)退行(xing)性瓣膜(mo)病變(bian)。
這(zhe)類人(ren)群容易(yi)引起(qi)動脈硬(ying)化，而(er)(er)瓣膜也(ye)是血管的一部分，所以容易(yi)受到影響(xiang)而(er)(er)出現(xian)病損的問題。
此外， 糖尿病、高脂血癥 等慢性疾病也會大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加心(xin)臟瓣膜(mo)病的發(fa)病風險。
以(yi)(yi)往心臟瓣膜(mo)病多發生(sheng)(sheng)在65歲以(yi)(yi)上的老年(nian)人身上，但(dan)是近些年(nian)，越來越多的年(nian)輕(qing)患者前往醫院(yuan)就(jiu)診(zhen)，心臟瓣膜(mo)病呈(cheng)現日益年(nian)輕(qing)化的趨勢。工作節奏變快、生(sheng)(sheng)活壓(ya)力大(da)、疲勞導(dao)致免疫狀態改變......都(dou)是造成瓣膜(mo)病年(nian)輕(qing)化的因素。
① 體(ti)力活(huo)動(dong)時有心(xin)慌、氣短、胸悶(men)和呼吸(xi)困難(nan)；
② 活動后(hou)疲乏倦怠、咳嗽(sou)、咯(ge)血、下肢水腫；
③ 活動后(hou)出現頭暈(yun)或眩暈(yun)，心前區(qu)不適(shi)或心絞痛；
④ 近(jin)期出現心悸，存在(zai)既往血(xue)栓栓塞，胃腸(chang)道出血(xue)，皮膚瘀點或(huo)瘀斑(ban)，以及不(bu)明原因發熱等；
⑤ 晚(wan)間睡眠枕(zhen)頭低(di)時感到(dao)憋氣、需要(yao)高枕(zhen)臥位，熟睡或惡夢過(guo)程中突(tu)然驚醒(xing)，感到(dao)心悸、胸悶、呼吸不(bu)暢，需要(yao)坐起后才好(hao)轉。
如何防治心臟瓣膜病？
1.適當的運動和體力勞動
合理的(de)(de)運動能(neng)增(zeng)加心臟(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)代償能(neng)力(li)，但是(shi)(shi)要避免劇烈的(de)(de)運動和重體(ti)力(li)勞動。休息可以減(jian)輕(qing)心臟(zang)(zang)負擔，是(shi)(shi)防治心臟(zang)(zang)瓣膜病的(de)(de)必要措施。
2.保持良好心態，穩定情緒
盡可能(neng)寬心(xin)平氣，放松精神，切忌情緒激動，避免發生(sheng)心(xin)動過速，增(zeng)加心(xin)臟(zang)負擔，造成心(xin)功能(neng)不全(quan)。
#心(xin)臟(zang)病(bing)# #心(xin)臟(zang)瓣膜(mo)病(bing)# #冠心(xin)病(bing)# #主動(dong)脈# #心(xin)臟(zang)#
有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先天性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)時(shi)(shi)就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)—個或(huo)(huo)多個心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)前(qian)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷；也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，由衰(shuai)老(lao)、損傷、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)作或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)疾(ji)(ji)患(huan)(huan)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)前(qian)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個極常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)受(shou)(shou)到感(gan)染(ran)(ran)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。 心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)哪幾(ji)種(zhong)? 心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)兩類(lei)疾(ji)(ji)患(huan)(huan)，或(huo)(huo)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)—種(zhong)：(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)打開時(shi)(shi)通道狹(xia)(xia)隘(ai)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)受(shou)(shou)到阻塞，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致妨礙(ai)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)情況(kuang)稱為(wei)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)，例如(ru)僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)； (二(er))瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)地(di)開閉(bi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)反向倒流，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)情況(kuang)稱為(wei)反流，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)又(you)(you)稱為(wei)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)關(guan)閉(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)或(huo)(huo)閉(bi)鎖(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)，例如(ru)，僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)閉(bi)鎖(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)穿過僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)(shi)部分反流。這(zhe)(zhe)兩類(lei)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)都會(hui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)重(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)，進而導致心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)力(li)衰(shuai)竭。 風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)怎么引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)? 風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鏈(lian)球菌(jun)侵入(ru)(ru)咽(yan)喉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)癥(zheng)。咽(yan)喉感(gan)染(ran)(ran)在(zai)(zai)某些(xie)(xie)情況(kuang)下(xia)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步導致全(quan)(quan)身(shen)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)征通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)、胸(xiong)(xiong)痛、疲勞、關(guan)節腫大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)疼痛、出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)疹(zhen)。時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)長(chang)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)菌(jun)侵襲(xi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)炎癥(zheng)，使瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)留下(xia)永(yong)久性癱痕。風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)最(zui)(zui)容易(yi)(yi)損害僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)或(huo)(huo)閉(bi)鎖(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)。 風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)輕人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。他(ta)們患(huan)(huan)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)，很少立即(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)受(shou)(shou)損這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)并發(fa)癥(zheng)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般要(yao)到中(zhong)年(nian)才開始出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)氣(qi)喘(chuan)、乏力(li)、頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)(yun)等癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)(zi)己或(huo)(huo)許(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)早(zao)在(zai)(zai)數(shu)十年(nian)前(qian)已經(jing)(jing)受(shou)(shou)到損害。 在(zai)(zai)1940年(nian)開始采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，風(feng)(feng)濕(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)和(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)率(lv)(lv)—直下(xia)降(jiang)。為(wei)了保(bao)持這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)趨勢，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)繼(ji)續(xu)密切(qie)注(zhu)意由鏈(lian)球菌(jun)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咽(yan)喉炎癥(zheng)，及早(zao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治療(liao)。 僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)脫(tuo)垂(chui)(chui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否很嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)? 脫(tuo)垂(chui)(chui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思指(zhi)滑(hua)落(luo)或(huo)(huo)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)脫(tuo)垂(chui)(chui)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)或(huo)(huo)隆(long)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致滑(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)房(心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)上(shang)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔室(shi))，就像一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)把傘反向寧研(yan)。這(zhe)(zhe)么一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)關(guan)緊(jin)(jin)，血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)回流。 這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)：在(zai)(zai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)音(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)先響起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“卡喀”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，然后(hou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“咕濃、咕濃”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)音(yin)(yin)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)，僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)脫(tuo)垂(chui)(chui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)又(you)(you)稱為(wei)“卡喀—咕噥征候(hou)簇”。僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)脫(tuo)垂(chui)(chui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)約(yue)每二(er)十個健康(kang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，顯(xian)(xian)然是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)某些(xie)(xie)遺傳因素所致。 在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多數(shu)情況(kuang)下(xia)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)任何癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，許(xu)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直到年(nian)老(lao)甚(shen)至到生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)完結時(shi)(shi)，都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。另有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)感(gan)覺心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)悸、胸(xiong)(xiong)部不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適、疲倦乏力(li)和(he)時(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)(yun)。從一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例中(zhong)已經(jing)(jing)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)脫(tuo)垂(chui)(chui)可(ke)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)律不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)齊。 醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)怎樣判定(ding)(ding)(ding)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)雜(za)音(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)疾(ji)(ji)患(huan)(huan)? 首先，許(xu)多心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)音(yin)(yin)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聽(ting)診(zhen)器謗聽(ting)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)。例如(ru)，僧(seng)(seng)帽(mao)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)雜(za)音(yin)(yin)通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)短促的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劈(pi)啪(pa)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)緊(jin)(jin)跟著一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)低(di)音(yin)(yin)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隆(long)隆(long)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。又(you)(you)如(ru)，主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)所引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)雜(za)音(yin)(yin)響亮粗澀(se)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、體(ti)(ti)格檢查結果(guo)(guo)和(he)試驗結果(guo)(guo)都提(ti)供重(zhong)要(yao)線索，幫助(zhu)(zhu)醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)那(nei)些(xie)(xie)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)雜(za)音(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否出(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。 為(wei)了診(zhen)斷心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)所患(huan)(huan)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)，除了常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胸(xiong)(xiong)外部X射線檢查和(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電圖檢查之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，最(zui)(zui)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)描記法。這(zhe)(zhe)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)納相(xiang)似，受(shou)(shou)檢者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)感(gan)到疼痛。檢查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，儀器向心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高頻率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)，電腦將反射聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖像。超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅顯(xian)(xian)示出(chu)(chu)(chu)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)房室(shi)本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，還顯(xian)(xian)示心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)搏(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)怎么運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另外一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)漸廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多普勒超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)描記法，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)評定(ding)(ding)(ding)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向和(he)速(su)度，補(bu)充(chong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)超聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)圖所得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)(liao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)閉(bi)鎖(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)和(he)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實情況(kuang)。 患(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)凝血(xue)(xue)劑(ji)、抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)藥(yao)物嗎(ma)? 心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)導致血(xue)(xue)凝塊形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)長(chang)期服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)凝血(xue)(xue)劑(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)降(jiang)低(di)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)血(xue)(xue)凝塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。芐丙(bing)酮香豆素是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)凝血(xue)(xue)劑(ji)。瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)也(ye)使得心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)更(geng)(geng)容易(yi)(yi)受(shou)(shou)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)。患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)接受(shou)(shou)牙(ya)科(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)或(huo)(huo)某些(xie)(xie)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)要(yao)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素。又(you)(you)由于(yu)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)干擾(rao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)律，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)需服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)律失常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)藥(yao)物。 聽(ting)說可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)替(ti)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嗎(ma)? 是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，至少對某些(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)么做。瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)打開時(shi)(shi)，孔道比正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)，外科(ke)(ke)醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)切(qie)開或(huo)(huo)擴張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(稱為(wei)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)切(qie)開術(shu)(shu)(shu))；但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)多數(shu)情況(kuang)下(xia)，治療(liao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)換掉。替(ti)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)組織或(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)或(huo)(huo)塑料(liao)(liao)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)樣式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)可(ke)供選擇，全(quan)(quan)都像人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)原來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)那(nei)樣工(gong)作。近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，修補(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)換掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)又(you)(you)多起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)。 醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)怎樣確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)缺(que)(que)(que)(que)陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)須(xu)(xu)要(yao)換掉？ —個非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮因素，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)下(xia)述癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)：呼吸(xi)短促、頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)(yun)、胸(xiong)(xiong)痛。在(zai)(zai)什(shen)么時(shi)(shi)候(hou)施行瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，主(zhu)要(yao)取決于(yu)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)程(cheng)度和(he)檢查結果(guo)(guo)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)認為(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)需要(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)建議病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先作心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)導管(guan)檢查：心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)把導管(guan)經(jing)(jing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)或(huo)(huo)靜脈(mo)插入(ru)(ru)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)測定(ding)(ding)(ding)壓(ya)力(li)，確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)狹(xia)(xia)窄(zhai)或(huo)(huo)閉(bi)鎖(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)現(xian)(xian)今是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)診(zhen)斷瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)檢查。 更(geng)(geng)換瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么風(feng)(feng)險? 瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小，取決于(yu)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)類(lei)型、更(geng)(geng)換數(shu)目、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)情況(kuang)和(he)全(quan)(quan)身(shen)健康(kang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)。死亡率(lv)(lv)為(wei)百分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)到百分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)植(zhi)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)或(huo)(huo)塑料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)異(yi)體(ti)(ti)材料(liao)(liao)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)凝塊形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)長(chang)期服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)凝血(xue)(xue)劑(ji)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)豬體(ti)(ti)，就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)凝血(xue)(xue)劑(ji)。無論(lun)植(zhi)入(ru)(ru)哪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，此后(hou)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)接受(shou)(shou)牙(ya)科(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)外科(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素，以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)受(shou)(shou)到感(gan)染(ran)(ran)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)雖然非(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)先進，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)機(ji)械性失效(xiao)，尤(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)五(wu)到十年(nian)后(hou)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)提(ti)高警惕，留心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)氣(qi)喘(chuan)、頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)(yun)、胸(xiong)(xiong)悶等癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，那(nei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)失效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先兆(zhao)。每個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)反應。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)(lai)講，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)延續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)，改善生(sheng)(sheng)活(減少癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang))，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
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