午夜片无码AB区在线播放APP

登錄
首頁 >> 健康生活

丹成造化返先天-煉虛合道演真雷

整理 徐平 2023-08-22 17:34:22

林正英《一眉道(dao)人(ren)》劇照

不論在影視劇還是(shi)小說中(zhong),我們經常會看(kan)(kan)(kan)到(dao)這樣(yang)的畫面:“天地無(wu)極(ji),乾坤借法(fa)(fa),元神出竅(qiao),日(ri)月星(xing)光(guang),風火(huo)雷(lei)(lei)電劈……”。法(fa)(fa)師掐訣,念咒,引雷(lei)(lei),然后就在一聲慘(can)叫中(zhong)鬼怪(guai)神魂俱滅。看(kan)(kan)(kan)到(dao)這里,有些(xie)道友不禁會想起(qi)道教中(zhong)的雷(lei)(lei)法(fa)(fa),那么(me)問題來了,現實(shi)中(zhong),雷(lei)(lei)法(fa)(fa)到(dao)底是(shi)不是(shi)影視劇中(zhong)描述的那樣(yang)?它又(you)是(shi)如何修煉的呢(ni)?就讓我們帶(dai)著這些(xie)問題一起(qi)去(qu)看(kan)(kan)(kan)揭開(kai)雷(lei)(lei)法(fa)(fa)的神秘(mi)面紗。

雷法是道教道法的重要內容,以內丹修煉(lian)為本,融合符箓,咒術(shu),集存思(si)、服(fu)氣、齋醮等多種道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)法(fa)(fa)術(shu)于(yu)一(yi)體,用于(yu)感召風雷(lei),伏魔降妖,祈(qi)晴雨、止(zhi)旱澇的一(yi)種道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)法(fa)(fa)術(shu)。雷(lei)法(fa)(fa)源于(yu)東(dong)漢及晉代(dai)(dai),發展于(yu)唐末五代(dai)(dai)北宋(song),盛(sheng)于(yu)南(nan)宋(song)金(jin)元時期,經過歷史(shi)的演進形成清微(wei)、東(dong)華、神霄、天(tian)心等派(pai)。它(ta)與傳(chuan)統(tong)金(jin)丹(dan)(dan)派(pai)修煉(lian)一(yi)樣,有(you)著嚴謹(jin)的修煉(lian)體系。雷(lei)法(fa)(fa)對于(yu)內丹(dan)(dan)思(si)想和(he)修煉(lian)方法(fa)(fa)進行汲取(qu)和(he)吸收, 認為內丹(dan)(dan)修煉(lian)是運用 “雷(lei)霆”之基(ji)。

雷(lei)(lei)法是(shi)內(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)之外(wai)用(yong),靜(jing)則(ze)金丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),動則(ze)霹靂。雷(lei)(lei)法與(yu)內(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)具(ju)有(you)相通(tong)之理,包(bao)括神霄雷(lei)(lei)法、清微雷(lei)(lei)法在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)法都重視內(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)修煉(lian),主張“內(nei)煉(lian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本,外(wai)用(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)末”,認為(wei)(wei)(wei)只有(you)苦煉(lian)內(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)才(cai)能具(ju)有(you)運用(yong)“雷(lei)(lei)霆”之功(gong)能。雷(lei)(lei)法和內(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)都反(fan)映了人體通(tong)大道,后天(tian)返先天(tian)的(de)(de)道理,運用(yong)“唯(wei)道集虛”之原則(ze),重視虛無之功(gong)用(yong),煉(lian)虛合道。

上(shang)清(qing)派(pai)道(dao)士(shi)吸取(qu)內(nei)丹(dan)思(si)想充實自己(ji)的道(dao)法(fa)(fa)理(li)論,如南宋上(shang)清(qing)大洞玄都三景法(fa)(fa)師蕭應叟(sou)曾(ceng)用內(nei)丹(dan)思(si)想注釋《度人經》,認為(wei)通過內(nei)丹(dan)修煉(lian)能(neng)(neng)夠達(da)到神(shen)、氣(qi)、精(jing)混合(he)為(wei)一(yi),返本(ben)還原,歸根復命(ming), 萬神(shen)會(hui)聚化(hua)為(wei)嬰兒,“與道(dao)合(he)真”,獲得真“寶”,此時便能(neng)(neng)施(shi)行(xing)各種法(fa)(fa)術。正一(yi)法(fa)(fa)分支(zhi)之一(yi)的北(bei)宋北(bei)極(ji)天(tian)心派(pai)在(zai)行(xing)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)以內(nei)修為(wei)本(ben),其內(nei)修之法(fa)(fa)重在(zai)存思(si)三光,有《無上(shang)三天(tian)玉(yu)堂正宗高奔內(nei)景玉(yu)書(shu)》專述源自上(shang)清(qing)法(fa)(fa)的存思(si)之法(fa)(fa)。

人體通大道,后天返先天

正一天師(shi)清微(wei)派22代傳人薛明(ming)德道長

《雷法議玄篇》認為,諸法之中,威力最大的是雷法。“夫雷霆者,天地樞機”。“故雷乃天之號令,其權最大,三界九地一切皆后雷司總攝。”故其法多為召役雷部的將帥執行。 “凡欲行持, 先服先天祖炁”, 內丹有成, 才能呈現先天一炁的沖盈之象,以臟之炁化為雷之神,與虛空之神混合。雷法的思想基礎是天人感應論,認為人身是小天地,人體各部分皆與大天地相符相應,其頭象天,足象地,四肢象四季,五臟象五行,其精氣神無不與天地相通相感。但此相通相感是建立在先天元炁基礎上的,人一降世,即入后天,其精氣神便逐漸染著種種情欲滓質,不能與天地相感,必須通過修煉,去除其滓質,由后天返先天,回復到先天純凈的狀態中去,即達到內丹修煉的最高境界,以我之氣合天地之氣,以我之神合天地之神,才能起感應作用,即如此,呼召風雷,求雨得雨,求晴得晴,無往不可。 雷法以元氣為本,陰陽為用,認為人身為一小天地,與宇宙大天地同一本體、同一運轉規律、同一生成程序,將雷法的理論基礎建立在模擬宇宙論的人體生命哲學之上,正如《黃帝陰符經》所說:“宇(yu)宙在(zai)乎(hu)手,萬(wan)化生乎(hu)身(shen)(shen)。”王文卿說:“此身(shen)(shen)與天地相為表(biao)里,造化皆在(zai)吾掌中矣。”

人(ren)(ren)體內在(zai)氣機,猶如(ru)原始寶(bao)藏(zang),與(yu)(yu)(yu)生俱來,潛(qian)在(zai)著無(wu)盡(jin)的功能與(yu)(yu)(yu)能量(liang),若不(bu)經過合理的修煉,這(zhe)種潛(qian)藏(zang)的生命(ming)之能將隨老死物化而去,實為(wei)可惜。人(ren)(ren)體是(shi)一個小宇宙,可以法自(zi)然,師造化。道教內丹(dan)修煉旨在(zai)開發人(ren)(ren)體潛(qian)能,完(wan)成人(ren)(ren)體與(yu)(yu)(yu)大道的交通,使人(ren)(ren)體法天(tian)象(xiang)地(di),由后(hou)天(tian)返還先天(tian),與(yu)(yu)(yu)“道”相合。我們(men)認為(wei)有(you)(you)兩重天(tian)地(di)存在(zai),分別是(shi)先天(tian)世(shi)界和(he)后(hou)天(tian)世(shi)界。“順則成人(ren)(ren)”,人(ren)(ren)一出生便進(jin)入后(hou)天(tian)世(shi)界,人(ren)(ren)受七情六欲的浸染,逐(zhu)漸在(zai)入世(shi)的生活中“損之又損”,導致后(hou)天(tian)世(shi)界中的人(ren)(ren)們(men)只有(you)(you)幾(ji)十年的壽(shou)命(ming)便寥(liao)(liao)寥(liao)(liao)收場。

共2

人體能夠打通先后天兩重世界,返還到先天狀態進入永恒,需要的必要條件和載體就是人體的實存。道教內丹修煉的機遇有四難,分別是“人身難得,中土難生,正法難遇,真師難逢”,其中一條就是“人身難得”。道教內丹體系中,作為修煉對象的人體,其神經系統和生殖系統是兩大修煉的重要區域。內丹關注的人體與中醫有所不同,比如內丹關注腎臟的整個區域而不是中醫所指的腎臟這一器官。內丹修煉的任務就是通過意念做媒介使得神經系統和生殖系統發生互動,叫做“心腎相交”、“身心相交”。“心腎相交”這樣的術語在隋唐時期開始出現,鐘離權繼承和發揚魏伯陽《周易參同(tong)契》一(yi)系的(de)丹(dan)法(fa),使內丹(dan)逐漸成(cheng)熟起來。通(tong)過“陰陽顛(dian)倒顛(dian)”的(de)“心腎相交”,采得先天(tian)藥物(wu),為(wei)修煉(lian)(lian)合(he)道(dao)做準備(bei)。內丹(dan)修煉(lian)(lian)涉及(ji)人(ren)體(ti)的(de)關竅、丹(dan)田(tian)、脈絡等(deng),例如(ru):陰蹻穴(xue)、尾閭穴(xue)、夾脊雙(shuang)關、玉枕(zhen)穴(xue)、泥丸宮、十(shi)二重(zhong)樓(lou)、膻中穴(xue)、上(shang)中下三丹(dan)田(tian)、黃庭、十(shi)二重(zhong)樓(lou)、絳宮、關元、氣(qi)(qi)海(hai)、海(hai)底、明(ming)堂、天(tian)橋氣(qi)(qi)海(hai)等(deng)。而人(ren)體(ti)脈絡是(shi)修煉(lian)(lian)中尤為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de),人(ren)身中的(de)脈絡分為(wei):任脈、督脈、沖脈、帶脈等(deng)。

雷法在(zai)(zai)施行的(de)過程中, 以(yi)我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi), 以(yi)我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)合(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen), 注重自身精、氣(qi)(qi)、神(shen)(shen)的(de)修(xiu)煉,對(dui)人體(ti)(ti)的(de)修(xiu)煉和造化極為(wei)(wei)重視,認(ren)為(wei)(wei)人體(ti)(ti)修(xiu)煉到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)定程度,后(hou)天(tian)(tian)返(fan)先天(tian)(tian), 雷法將會自然而(er)然的(de)運用自如。元末明(ming)初清微派道士趙宜真稱: “清微祈禱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙,造化在(zai)(zai)吾身中,而(er)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)乎登壇(tan)作用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁瑣(suo)也(ye)。倘平(ping)居(ju)能加修(xiu)德辨惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),身中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造化明(ming)了,靜里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)夫又到(dao)(dao),至行壇(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際,發號施令,倒取橫拈,莫非妙用。”人體(ti)(ti)與(yu)大(da)道相(xiang)通(tong), 以(yi)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小宇宙(zhou)合(he)(he)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)宇宙(zhou), 感應之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)必能打開雷霆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞機, 元神(shen)(shen)真意(yi)一(yi)(yi)動(dong),雷部諸神(shen)(shen)即臨(lin)壇(tan)下,便能呼風喚雨。雷法與(yu)內丹融合(he)(he)的(de)契機,早被古人發現,我(wo)們從中可知(zhi),無論是雷法還是內丹,都要(yao)實現人體(ti)(ti)與(yu)大(da)道的(de)相(xiang)合(he)(he)以(yi)及后(hou)天(tian)(tian)對(dui)先天(tian)(tian)的(de)返(fan)還。

“唯道集虛”、“虛”以致用

淵(yuan)源自(zi)唐朝的(de)北帝派(pai)(pai)而(er)形成(cheng)于宋(song)朝的(de)“雷法(fa)(fa)(fa)門派(pai)(pai)”——神(shen)(shen)霄派(pai)(pai),是一(yi)個把(ba)內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)與(yu)符(fu)箓(lu)相結合的(de)道(dao)法(fa)(fa)(fa),有(you)自(zi)己的(de)神(shen)(shen)譜和(he)符(fu)箓(lu),能(neng)夠召雷喚雨(yu),側重禳(rang)災、祈(qi)禱,有(you)遣瘟(wen)、驅(qu)蝗(huang)、召雷、請雨(yu)、祈(qi)晴(qing)、止風、伐邪、召劾(he)鬼神(shen)(shen)等(deng),同時亦煉(lian)內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan),在(zai)道(dao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)理論上(shang),主張(zhang)(zhang)“道(dao)體法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”,“內(nei)(nei)煉(lian)成(cheng)丹(dan)(dan)(dan),外(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)成(cheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”,即以內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)有(you)成(cheng)與(yu)道(dao)合真為(wei) 根基(ji),發之(zhi)(zhi)于外(wai),形成(cheng)種種變化玄伎。清微派(pai)(pai)因體系完備,修(xiu)(xiu)煉(lian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)特出(chu)而(er)與(yu)神(shen)(shen)霄派(pai)(pai)齊名(ming),清微派(pai)(pai)多融入內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)。《清微大道(dao)秘旨》也強(qiang)調了內(nei)(nei)煉(lian)為(wei)雷法(fa)(fa)(fa)綱要的(de)思想: “一(yi)從溟涬流傳至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin),綿綿不(bu)絕,人人具足,凡(fan)圣同真,無欠無余,不(bu)增不(bu)減(jian)。修(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei),則遂成(cheng)至(zhi)(zhi)寶,得為(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)人;施之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),則和(he)安天(tian)地(di),福國裕民。至(zhi)(zhi)于呼(hu)沆瀣,吸(xi)風云,役(yi)鬼神(shen)(shen),驅(qu)雷電,皆(jie)此一(yi)真之(zhi)(zhi)妙用(yong)(yong)(yong),出(chu)方寸之(zhi)(zhi)經綸。”雷法(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)緊密聯系還體現(xian)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)修(xiu)(xiu)煉(lian)者對(dui)雷法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)習練上(shang),有(you)些內(nei)(nei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)煉(lian)者,也對(dui)雷法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)所實踐, 如南宋(song)白(bai)玉蟾,為(wei)金丹(dan)(dan)(dan)南宗五祖,其(qi)人兼(jian)習雷法(fa)(fa)(fa)。宋(song)代執(zhi)正(zheng)一(yi)道(dao)符(fu)箓(lu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)印的(de)第三十代天(tian)師張(zhang)(zhang)繼先, 內(nei)(nei)煉(lian)金丹(dan)(dan)(dan), 外(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雷法(fa)(fa)(fa),得徽(hui)宗榮寵。

內丹(dan)修(xiu)煉(lian)講(jiang)究(jiu)“據(ju)有修(xiu)無(wu)”,雷法施行(xing)注重盜取(qu)虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)之功(gong)用(yong)激發“雷霆(ting)”。二(er)者都離不開虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。

1、天地虛無

以虛合道。丹道學認(ren)為(wei)天地(di)乾(qian)(qian)坤,來(lai)自于(yu)(yu)道(dao),道(dao)虛(xu)(xu)而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)形。《鐘(zhong)呂(lv)傳道(dao)集·論大道(dao)》:“大道(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)形、無(wu)(wu)(wu)名、無(wu)(wu)(wu)問、無(wu)(wu)(wu)應。其(qi)(qi)(qi)大無(wu)(wu)(wu)外(wai),其(qi)(qi)(qi)小無(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)。莫(mo)可得而(er)知(zhi)也,莫(mo)可得而(er)行(xing)也!”《周易參(can)同(tong)契》曰:“ (乾(qian)(qian)坤坎離(li))四者(zhe)混(hun)沌,徑(jing)入虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)。”大道(dao)鋪散于(yu)(yu)天、地(di)、人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),故“道(dao)不遠人(ren)”,但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)(wu)名,常人(ren)難知(zhi)。鐘(zhong)呂(lv)丹道(dao)認(ren)為(wei)虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)成與(yu)(yu)毀,故與(yu)(yu)道(dao)相(xiang)合(he),所以(yi)主張經過(guo)煉(lian)精化氣(qi)(qi)、煉(lian)氣(qi)(qi)化神(shen)、煉(lian)神(shen)還虛(xu)(xu),以(yi)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)合(he)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu),從而(er)識道(dao)。《抱樸子·內(nei)(nei)篇》曰:“含醇(chun)守樸,無(wu)(wu)(wu)欲無(wu)(wu)(wu)憂,全真虛(xu)(xu)器,居平味澹(dan)。恢(hui)恢(hui)蕩(dang)(dang)蕩(dang)(dang),與(yu)(yu)渾成等其(qi)(qi)(qi)自然(ran)。浩浩茫茫,與(yu)(yu)造化鈞其(qi)(qi)(qi)符(fu)契。”認(ren)為(wei)人(ren)當(dang)虛(xu)(xu)己(ji),與(yu)(yu)浩茫恢(hui)蕩(dang)(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)成造化若合(he)符(fu)契。在(zai)雷法當(dang)中(zhong)亦重視天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu),王(wang)文卿說:“以(yi)我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)召彼虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen),以(yi)我本身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)合(he)彼虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi),加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)步罡(gang)訣月(yue),秘(mi)咒靈符(fu),運雷霆于(yu)(yu)掌(zhang)上,包天地(di)于(yu)(yu)身(shen)中(zhong),故感應速加(jia)影響。”人(ren)體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先天神(shen)炁與(yu)(yu)天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)和虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)合(he),雷法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效將出。

虛無之功用。正如《道德經》所(suo)(suo)言:“有之以(yi)為利,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之以(yi)為用(yong)。”虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有很大的功(gong)(gong)用(yong),有為之法,不(bu)及(ji)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也。《老君太上虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自然本(ben)起經》曰:“道(dao)本(ben)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),三才六合之中(zhong),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)靈,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)圣。”因道(dao)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),故可(ke)(ke)為萬(wan)物之宗祖,涵納時(shi)空萬(wan)有,妙(miao)用(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)窮。又曰“守太虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),謂高學功(gong)(gong)德之人,解道(dao)根(gen)元,深洞微(wei)妙(miao)。曉知(zhi)三元九一(yi)之變(bian)(bian)化、玄中(zhong)之玄始(shi)祖、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)之無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)極道(dao),知(zhi)其所(suo)(suo)始(shi),見其所(suo)(suo)終。”說明人若能(neng)守住虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),運用(yong)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)洞察微(wei)妙(miao),深曉道(dao)基,體察變(bian)(bian)化,知(zhi)玄中(zhong)玄、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。“道(dao)自虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)一(yi)氣,便從(cong)一(yi)氣產陰陽。”道(dao)因“虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”而產生(sheng)先(xian)天一(yi)炁(qi),進(jin)而產生(sheng)萬(wan)物,可(ke)(ke)見虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)用(yong)之大。雷法和內丹都(dou)注(zhu)重虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之功(gong)(gong)用(yong),盜取虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之精華以(yi)成功(gong)(gong)用(yong)。

虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)通大(da)道,返(fan)先天而不(bu)(bu)毀。《元(yuan)始(shi)天尊說(shuo)得道了身(shen)經》曰(yue):“陰盡陽(yang)純,圣(sheng)胎成(cheng)就。身(shen)內(nei)(nei)有(you)身(shen),神成(cheng)真(zhen)(zhen)圣(sheng)。真(zhen)(zhen)圣(sheng)合(he)(he)太(tai)虛(xu)(xu)(xu),太(tai)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)合(he)(he)真(zhen)(zhen)空,真(zhen)(zhen)空合(he)(he)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)自然,虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)自然是(shi)元(yuan)始(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)一(yi),元(yuan)始(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)是(shi)吾(wu)真(zhen)(zhen)身(shen)也。先天而生(sheng)(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)而無(wu)(wu)(wu)形(xing)。先天而長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)而無(wu)(wu)(wu)體。誰無(wu)(wu)(wu)形(xing)體,大(da)道長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)存,永劫不(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)(bu)壞。萬圣(sheng)同居,得觀內(nei)(nei)境(jing),見虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之事。”虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)特性與(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)(xiu)相合(he)(he)。因(yin)為虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu),所以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)與(yu)毀,故(gu)可以(yi)永生(sheng)(sheng)、不(bu)(bu)朽(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)(bu)滅(mie)。道教(jiao)講生(sheng)(sheng)道合(he)(he)一(yi),“長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)者,道也”,達(da)到(dao)最(zui)高境(jing)界的內(nei)(nei)丹和雷法以(yi)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)與(yu)道合(he)(he)一(yi),臻于永恒(heng)。

即虛即實。道不是完全的虛,而是即虛即實的。道之本體是超越物質世界之上的無形無象的客觀存在,可以作為萬物之宗,在循環運轉中產生出天、地、人,因而大道是虛與實的統一。《張三豐全集·大(da)道(dao)論》:大(da)道(dao)“統(tong)無(wu)極,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)太極。無(wu)極為無(wu)名(ming)(ming),無(wu)名(ming)(ming)者,天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi);太極為有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)者,萬物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母。因無(wu)名(ming)(ming)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming),則(ze)(ze)天生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、人生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)矣。”修(xiu)(xiu)煉(lian)即(ji)是從有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)實(shi)處(chu)開始(shi)、著意(yi)于虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu),以返還其無(wu)形(xing)而(er)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的大(da)道(dao),實(shi)現“逆則(ze)(ze)成仙”為修(xiu)(xiu)煉(lian)目標(biao)。修(xiu)(xiu)煉(lian)而(er)得到(dao)的還丹,也是即(ji)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)即(ji)實(shi)的。虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)實(shi)相(xiang)即(ji),辯證(zheng)統(tong)一。《太上修(xiu)(xiu)真(zhen)體元妙道(dao)經·因虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)化實(shi)章》:“無(wu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)則(ze)(ze)不知實(shi),無(wu)實(shi)則(ze)(ze)不明虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),……以虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求實(shi)則(ze)(ze)易(yi),以實(shi)求虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)則(ze)(ze)難(nan)也。因無(wu)化有(you)(you)(you)(you)者,虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi);即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)化炁者,乃實(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。始(shi)自父母情(qing)性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所感,終成形(xing)貌凜然,此(ci)乃虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)也。……此(ci)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求實(shi)易(yi),實(shi)求虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)也。”可見虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)實(shi)須臾不可離,因“以實(shi)求虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”才可得道(dao),故學(xue)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,應由后天返先天,煉(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)合道(dao)。

2、人體虛無

人(ren)一(yi)(yi)出(chu)生,便有(you)(you)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)“先(xian)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)炁”進(jin)(jin)(jin)入體(ti)(ti)內,正(zheng)如《周易(yi)參同契》所(suo)云:“人(ren)所(suo)秉(bing)軀,體(ti)(ti)本(ben)一(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)。”丹(dan)道(dao)修煉(lian)(lian)(lian)是基(ji)于人(ren)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)實(shi)有(you)(you),在“壺(hu)中配坎離(li)”,經過修煉(lian)(lian)(lian)返回先(xian)天(tian)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)狀(zhuang)態(tai),進(jin)(jin)(jin)入永(yong)恒。在丹(dan)道(dao)修煉(lian)(lian)(lian)中,所(suo)謂的(de)(de)筑基(ji)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)己(ji)、煉(lian)(lian)(lian)精(jing)化(hua)氣、煉(lian)(lian)(lian)氣化(hua)神(shen)等(deng)都是依托(tuo)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)步驟和次第,無(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)際的(de)(de)形象可以(yi)(yi)捕(bu)捉。坎離(li)交媾、抽鉛添汞、心(xin)腎相交等(deng)等(deng),也是在談虛(xu)說(shuo)無(wu)(wu)(wu),不(bu)(bu)拘(ju)泥于實(shi)際的(de)(de)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)器(qi)官。在修持功(gong)夫(fu)的(de)(de)初始,要從“無(wu)(wu)(wu)食(shi)(shi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)息(xi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)念、無(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)”的(de)(de)“四無(wu)(wu)(wu)法門” 修起,學會辟谷則(ze)(ze)(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)食(shi)(shi),學會胎息(xi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)息(xi),不(bu)(bu)動(dong)心(xin)入虛(xu)靜則(ze)(ze)(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)念,靜極不(bu)(bu)覺有(you)(you)身(shen)而至(zhi)忘其(qi)身(shen)則(ze)(ze)(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen),如此(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)境界(jie)則(ze)(ze)(ze)玄(xuan)關(guan)必現,便與(yu)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)空(kong)(kong)靈(ling)的(de)(de)世(shi)界(jie)相通了(le)。以(yi)(yi)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)“先(xian)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)炁”為(wei)藥物,以(yi)(yi)既在身(shen)內又不(bu)(bu)在身(shen)內的(de)(de)“玄(xuan)關(guan)一(yi)(yi)竅”為(wei)鼎爐,以(yi)(yi)“元神(shen)妙用”為(wei)火候進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)丹(dan)道(dao)修煉(lian)(lian)(lian)。這(zhe)些都是在虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)里作功(gong)夫(fu)。但此(ci)(ci)虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)也離(li)不(bu)(bu)開身(shen)體(ti)(ti),我(wo)們又稱身(shen)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)“腔子”或“壺(hu)”,正(zheng)是“乾體(ti)(ti)無(wu)(wu)(wu)物,坤器(qi)本(ben)空(kong)(kong)。”雷法的(de)(de)施行(xing)者,在施法中亦(yi)離(li)不(bu)(bu)開此(ci)(ci)身(shen),運用此(ci)(ci)身(shen)之虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)與(yu)大道(dao)相通,進(jin)(jin)(jin)而作用于自然界(jie)。

3、人心恬淡虛無

莊子·人間(jian)世》云(yun):“氣(qi)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),虛(xu)而(er)待物者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。唯道集(ji)虛(xu)。虛(xu)者(zhe)(zhe),心(xin)(xin)齋也(ye)(ye)。”“瞻彼闕者(zhe)(zhe),虛(xu)室生白(bai),吉祥止(zhi)止(zhi)。夫(fu)且(qie)不(bu)(bu)止(zhi),是(shi)之(zhi)謂坐馳(chi)。夫(fu)徇耳目(mu)內(nei)通(tong)而(er)外于(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin)知,鬼神(shen)(shen)(shen)將來舍(she),而(er)況人乎!”在這段話中,“唯道集(ji)虛(xu)”首先要(yao)求(qiu)“虛(xu)其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)”,心(xin)(xin)達到虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)空(kong)(kong)靈(ling)的境界,則與(yu)道相合。《悟真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)篇》云(yun):“虛(xu)心(xin)(xin)實腹義俱深(shen),只為虛(xu)心(xin)(xin)要(yao)識(shi)心(xin)(xin)。”虛(xu)心(xin)(xin)實腹以致(zhi)道。 《老(lao)(lao)君(jun)太(tai)上虛(xu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)自然本(ben)起經(jing)》 云(yun):“是(shi)以圣人作經(jing)誡后(hou)賢者(zhe)(zhe), 欲使守道,空(kong)(kong)虛(xu)其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin),關閉(bi)其(qi)(qi)耳目(mu),不(bu)(bu)復(fu)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)念(nian)。若(ruo)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)念(nian)思想者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)得自然之(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)。”空(kong)(kong)虛(xu)其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)、閉(bi)塞(sai)耳目(mu)、掃除欲念(nian),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)道相合。《太(tai)上老(lao)(lao)君(jun)清凈心(xin)(xin)經(jing)》云(yun):“能(neng)(neng)遣(qian)之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),內(nei)觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin);外觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)形(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing);遠觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)物,物無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)物。三者(zhe)(zhe)莫(mo)得,唯見于(yu)(yu)(yu)空(kong)(kong),觀空(kong)(kong)亦空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong);既無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu);湛(zhan)然常寂(ji)(ji),寂(ji)(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)寂(ji)(ji);無(wu)(wu)(wu)寂(ji)(ji)寂(ji)(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu),俱了(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)矣,欲安(an)能(neng)(neng)生?”無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)亦空(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)遣(qian)欲,以至如如。雷(lei)法(fa)以無(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)念(nian)為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)心(xin)(xin),以真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)心(xin)(xin)為作法(fa)感神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)要(yao)。宣稱(cheng):“有心(xin)(xin)感神(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)反不(bu)(bu)靈(ling),無(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)感,其(qi)(qi)應(ying)(ying)如心(xin)(xin)。”但無(wu)(wu)(wu)妄念(nian),一(yi)片真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)心(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)知不(bu)(bu)識(shi),心(xin)(xin)與(yu)雷(lei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)渾然如一(yi),我即雷(lei)神(shen)(shen)(shen),雷(lei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)即我,隨(sui)我所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)應(ying)(ying),應(ying)(ying)無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。天師道第三十代天師張虛(xu)靖詩(shi)曰:“真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)心(xin)(xin)動(dong)處合雷(lei)機(ji),神(shen)(shen)(shen)合神(shen)(shen)(shen)兮妙更奇。只此(ci)更無(wu)(wu)(wu)差別處,如磁吸鐵不(bu)(bu)相違。”在雷(lei)法(fa)修煉中,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)心(xin)(xin)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)意的作用相當重要(yao),真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)意就是(shi)元神(shen)(shen)(shen)發出的意念(nian)活(huo)動(dong),是(shi)元神(shen)(shen)(shen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)化,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)意是(shi)雷(lei)部使者(zhe)(zhe),元神(shen)(shen)(shen)即是(shi)雷(lei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)。

煉虛合道

丹道(dao)修(xiu)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)以煉(lian)(lian)(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)為(wei)(wei)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)心(xin)末(mo)后一(yi)(yi)段(duan)功(gong)夫(fu)(fu),以還(huan)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)為(wei)(wei)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)丹最后一(yi)(yi)著功(gong)夫(fu)(fu)。李道(dao)純云:“心(xin)歸(gui)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)寂(ji),身入無為(wei)(wei),動靜(jing)俱(ju)忘,道(dao)這里精自(zi)(zi)化氣(qi),氣(qi)自(zi)(zi)然化神(shen),神(shen)自(zi)(zi)然還(huan)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。”心(xin)能虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)寂(ji),則神(shen)能還(huan)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能合(he)道(dao)。又(you)作《煉(lian)(lian)(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)歌》:“為(wei)(wei)仙(xian)為(wei)(wei)佛與(yu)為(wei)(wei)儒,三教單(dan)傳(chuan)一(yi)(yi)個虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。亙古至今超(chao)越者,全由虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)里做功(gong)夫(fu)(fu)。” 可見李道(dao)純對“虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)無”功(gong)夫(fu)(fu)非(fei)常重視,認為(wei)(wei)它是(shi)儒釋道(dao)三家的(de)(de)(de)(de)要害之(zhi)(zhi)處。《唱道(dao)真言(yan)》認為(wei)(wei)若要煉(lian)(lian)(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),就要泯滅物(wu)我,齊(qi)無天地,忘身忘心(xin),胸懷寬廣浩蕩(dang),能容萬事萬物(wu),清空一(yi)(yi)氣(qi)來襲(xi),混沌自(zi)(zi)然。以陽(yang)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)合(he)太虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),融通無礙,形神(shen)俱(ju)妙(miao),與(yu)道(dao)合(he)真。在(zai)丹道(dao)修(xiu)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程序次第中,“虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”貫穿(chuan)始終,是(shi)“煉(lian)(lian)(lian)神(shen)還(huan)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”與(yu)“煉(lian)(lian)(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)合(he)道(dao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)中間環節,離開“虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”則無以合(he)“道(dao)”,所以“虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)”字功(gong)夫(fu)(fu)至關重要。雷法在(zai)施(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中,也離不開煉(lian)(lian)(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)合(he)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)夫(fu)(fu),例如雷法中的(de)(de)(de)(de)水火升降(jiang)法,包括靜(jing)坐、存想(xiang)、變神(shen)、洞照、周天、煉(lian)(lian)(lian)神(shen)、還(huan)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)等功(gong)夫(fu)(fu)。通過煉(lian)(lian)(lian)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)合(he)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后一(yi)(yi)段(duan),掣(che)動天地十方。

(道教之音根據徐平《煉虛合道——雷法與內丹相通之理》整理,轉載請注明來源)

(作者:徐平,女,中國社會科學院博士,中央黨校博士后,中國哲學專業,以道家與道教文化為研究方向。)

共2

本(ben)文地(di)址://n85e38t.cn/jiankang/144610.html.

聲明: 我(wo)們(men)致力(li)于保護作者版權(quan),注重(zhong)分享,被刊用文(wen)章因無法核實(shi)(shi)(shi)真實(shi)(shi)(shi)出處,未能及時與作者取得聯系,或(huo)有版權(quan)異議(yi)的(de),請聯系管理(li)員,我(wo)們(men)會立(li)即(ji)(ji)處理(li),本站(zhan)部分文(wen)字與圖片資源來自(zi)于網(wang)絡,轉載是出于傳遞更多(duo)信息之目(mu)的(de),若有來源標(biao)注錯誤或(huo)侵犯了您(nin)的(de)合法權(quan)益,請立(li)即(ji)(ji)通知我(wo)們(men)(管理(li)員郵箱:),情(qing)況屬實(shi)(shi)(shi),我(wo)們(men)會第(di)一時間(jian)予以刪(shan)除,并(bing)同(tong)時向您(nin)表示歉(qian)意(yi),謝謝!

上一篇:

下一(yi)篇:

相關文章