一、血壓低頭(tou)暈了該怎(zen)么處理呢
對(dui)(dui)于低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓導致(zhi)的(de)頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)癥(zheng)狀，最佳的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)治療方(fang)法就(jiu)是(shi)選擇中藥(yao)的(de)方(fang)法去調理，這樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)身體進行全面(mian)的(de)調理。平(ping)時(shi)體虛貧(pin)血(xue)，或(huo)產后病后虛嬴(ying)，癥(zheng)見乏力體虛，頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)，飲(yin)食減少，面(mian)色(se)萎白，舌(she)淡胖，脈細弱(ruo)。建議(yi)患者(zhe)紅棗(zao)、黃耆(qi)、黨參洗(xi)凈熬(ao)制的(de)湯。長時(shi)間的(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓還(huan)會導致(zhi)悶熱或(huo)缺氧(yang)，應及(ji)時(shi)離開這種(zhong)環境，找(zhao)到通風處坐穩，平(ping)靜(jing)心情。過冷或(huo)過熱的(de)水溫(wen)都(dou)會刺激血(xue)管，同時(shi)，改變正常的(de)血(xue)壓值。對(dui)(dui)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)只(zhi)是(shi)簡(jian)單的(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓導致(zhi)的(de)頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)癥(zheng)狀，我(wo)們建議(yi)患者(zhe)做一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓的(de)體操，實踐表明，只(zhi)要(yao)每(mei)天早晨(chen)做一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次，低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓就(jiu)會得(de)到改善。對(dui)(dui)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)比較輕(qing)微(wei)的(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)癥(zheng)狀，那樣(yang)餓(e)的(de)時(shi)候會眩暈(yun)就(jiu)要(yao)隨時(shi)身邊備有糖果巧克力，可(ke)以(yi)在適當的(de)時(shi)候吃(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)，不(bu)要(yao)多吃(chi)。女性如(ru)果有低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓經期要(yao)多吃(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)咸(xian)的(de)東西(xi)，避免缺血(xue)性血(xue)壓過低(di)(di)(di)(di)；夏季多喝水，以(yi)防止出汗(han)過多導致(zhi)血(xue)壓過低(di)(di)(di)(di)。食療方(fang)面(mian)可(ke)多食靈芝水，煮水喝就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)，平(ping)時(shi)喝水就(jiu)喝這個水就(jiu)好(hao)，靈芝對(dui)(dui)失眠(mian)、心率不(bu)齊、更年(nian)期綜(zong)合征(zheng)等都(dou)有很(hen)好(hao)的(de)效果。注意(yi)事項年(nian)性低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓的(de)防治首先查找(zhao)病因(yin)，如(ru)患有貧(pin)血(xue)、慢性胃出血(xue)等病時(shi)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)診(zhen)治;如(ru)果患的(de)是(shi)體位性低(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)壓，在起(qi)立(li)或(huo)起(qi)床時(shi)動作(zuo)盡(jin)量(liang)緩慢，不(bu)可(ke)操之過急，每(mei)變換一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次體位，要(yao)休(xiu)息(xi)片刻;體質虛弱(ruo)者(zhe)應加強營養(yang)。
二、血壓低的原因在哪呢
1.生(sheng)理性(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)狀態指部分健康人(ren)(ren)群中，其血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)測量(liang)值已達到低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)標準，但無任何自覺癥(zheng)狀，經長期(qi)隨訪，除血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏(pian)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)外，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)各系統(tong)器(qi)官無缺血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和缺氧等異常，也不影(ying)響壽命。2.病(bing)理性(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)除血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)外，常伴(ban)有不同(tong)程度(du)的(de)癥(zheng)狀以及(ji)某些疾病(bing)。（1）原發性(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing) 指無明(ming)顯原因(yin)的(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)狀態，如生(sheng)理性(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（體(ti)質性(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)），多(duo)見于(yu)體(ti)質瘦弱的(de)老人(ren)(ren)、女性(xing)。（2）繼發性(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing) 指人(ren)(ren)體(ti)某一器(qi)官或(huo)系統(tong)的(de)疾病(bing)所(suo)(suo)引起的(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。這種低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可在短期(qi)內迅速(su)發生(sheng)，如大出(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、急性(xing)心肌(ji)梗死(si)、嚴重(zhong)創傷(shang)、感染、過(guo)敏等原因(yin)所(suo)(suo)致血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)急劇降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。大多(duo)數情(qing)況(kuang)下，低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為緩慢發生(sheng)，可逐漸加重(zhong)，如繼發于(yu)嚴重(zhong)的(de)肺結核、惡性(xing)腫(zhong)瘤、營養(yang)不良、惡病(bing)質等的(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。所(suo)(suo)以要多(duo)加注意(yi)。
三、血壓低的臨床反(fan)應有什么
1.急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是指患者血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)由正常或(huo)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平突然而明顯下降，臨床上(shang)常因(yin)腦、心、腎等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要臟器缺血(xue)(xue)(xue)出(chu)現(xian)頭(tou)暈(yun)(yun)、眼黑、肢(zhi)軟、冷汗、心悸、少尿等(deng)(deng)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，嚴重(zhong)者表現(xian)為(wei)暈(yun)(yun)厥(jue)或(huo)休克。2.慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是指血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)持續(xu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)正常范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。（1）體(ti)(ti)質性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) 一般(ban)認為(wei)與遺傳和體(ti)(ti)質瘦弱有關，多(duo)見(jian)于(yu)20～50歲的(de)(de)(de)(de)婦女和老年人，輕者可(ke)無任(ren)何(he)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，重(zhong)者出(chu)現(xian)精神疲(pi)憊、頭(tou)暈(yun)(yun)、頭(tou)痛，甚至昏厥(jue)。夏季氣溫較高(gao)時更(geng)明顯。（2）體(ti)(ti)位(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) 部(bu)分(fen)患者的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)生(sheng)與體(ti)(ti)位(wei)變化（尤(you)其(qi)直立(li)位(wei)）有關，稱(cheng)為(wei)體(ti)(ti)位(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。體(ti)(ti)位(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)定義(yi)為(wei)：在(zai)改變體(ti)(ti)位(wei)為(wei)直立(li)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3分(fen)鐘內，收(shou)縮(suo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降>20mmHg或(huo)舒張壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降>10mmHg，同時伴(ban)有低(di)(di)(di)灌注的(de)(de)(de)(de)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，這些(xie)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)包括(kuo)：頭(tou)昏、頭(tou)暈(yun)(yun)、視(shi)力(li)模糊、乏力(li)、惡(e)心、認識功能障礙、心悸、頸背(bei)部(bu)疼痛。老年單純收(shou)縮(suo)期(qi)高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)伴(ban)有糖尿病(bing)、低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)容(rong)量，應用(yong)利尿劑、擴血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)藥(yao)或(huo)精神類藥(yao)物者容(rong)易發(fa)生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)位(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。（3）繼(ji)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) 某(mou)些(xie)疾病(bing)或(huo)藥(yao)物可(ke)以引起(qi)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，如脊髓空洞癥(zheng)(zheng)、高(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)主動脈瓣(ban)狹(xia)窄(zhai)、二尖瓣(ban)狹(xia)窄(zhai)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縮(suo)窄(zhai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)心包炎(yan)、特發(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)肥厚性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)心肌病(bing)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)液透析病(bing)人和慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)營(ying)養不(bu)良癥(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)(deng)，以及服用(yong)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)藥(yao)、抗抑郁藥(yao)。這些(xie)疾病(bing)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也可(ke)以出(chu)現(xian)頭(tou)昏、頭(tou)暈(yun)(yun)等(deng)(deng)低(di)(di)(di)灌注的(de)(de)(de)(de)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。
四、血壓低需要(yao)做(zuo)哪些方面的檢查
1.體(ti)(ti)格檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)對低血(xue)(xue)壓患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)除(chu)了注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意分(fen)別測(ce)量臥位(wei)與立位(wei)血(xue)(xue)壓外，尚應注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意雙上肢以(yi)及(ji)上、下肢間血(xue)(xue)壓的(de)(de)比較測(ce)量，以(yi)排除(chu)多發性大動(dong)(dong)脈(mo)炎所致的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)脈(mo)狹(xia)窄。除(chu)此之外，查(cha)(cha)體(ti)(ti)時(shi)還應注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)面(mian)容、皮(pi)膚色澤、毛發分(fen)布、胖瘦、有(you)無水(shui)腫等(deng)(deng)一般表(biao)現(xian)；心(xin)臟查(cha)(cha)體(ti)(ti)尤應注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意心(xin)音和(he)(he)心(xin)臟雜音的(de)(de)變(bian)化；神(shen)經(jing)系統檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)肢體(ti)(ti)感覺(jue)、運動(dong)(dong)以(yi)及(ji)共(gong)濟運動(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)。2.實驗室及(ji)特殊檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)根據病(bing)史和(he)(he)查(cha)(cha)體(ti)(ti)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)獲得患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)低血(xue)(xue)壓病(bing)因診斷的(de)(de)線索，但若確立診斷尚需依靠(kao)必要的(de)(de)實驗室或特殊檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)。如懷(huai)疑(yi)糖(tang)尿病(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)需進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)血(xue)(xue)糖(tang)、尿糖(tang)測(ce)定(ding)；心(xin)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾病(bing)需進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)心(xin)電(dian)(dian)圖、超聲(sheng)心(xin)動(dong)(dong)圖甚(shen)至心(xin)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)造影檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，必要時(shi)也可(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)血(xue)(xue)常(chang)規(gui)、血(xue)(xue)電(dian)(dian)解質、肌鈣蛋白、24小時(shi)動(dong)(dong)態心(xin)電(dian)(dian)圖測(ce)定(ding)、有(you)創性電(dian)(dian)生理檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)、直(zhi)立傾斜試(shi)驗、經(jing)食管(guan)(guan)超聲(sheng)心(xin)動(dong)(dong)圖等(deng)(deng)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)；內(nei)分(fen)泌疾病(bing)的(de)(de)診斷需有(you)垂(chui)體(ti)(ti)、腎上腺或甲(jia)狀腺功能測(ce)定(ding)的(de)(de)證據。如懷(huai)疑(yi)肺(fei)(fei)栓塞，可(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)血(xue)(xue)氣分(fen)析(xi)、肺(fei)(fei)動(dong)(dong)脈(mo)CT、肺(fei)(fei)通氣灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)掃描等(deng)(deng)。如懷(huai)疑(yi)顱內(nei)病(bing)變(bian)或局(ju)灶性神(shen)經(jing)病(bing)變(bian)，則要進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)腦(nao)電(dian)(dian)圖、頭顱和(he)(he)腦(nao)CT及(ji)磁共(gong)振。
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