話說平遙 （二十）
山川和水利
山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)是(shi)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構造概念，有(you)山(shan)必有(you)川(chuan)(chuan)；山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)是(shi)由于地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)變換(huan)形成(cheng)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌；山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中，出露地(di)(di)(di)(di)表高高聳立的是(shi)山(shan)，山(shan)與(yu)山(shan)之(zhi)間的跨越區地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶便是(shi)川(chuan)(chuan)；山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，是(shi)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)相(xiang)連的地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構造。
約公元前104～公元前91年，西漢史學(xue)家司馬遷寫成《史記》，其中(zhong)的(de)《河(he)(he)渠書》（見《史記·河(he)(he)渠書》）是中(zhong)國第一(yi)(yi)部水(shui)利(li)通史。該書記述了從(cong)禹(yu)治水(shui)到漢武(wu)帝黃河(he)(he)瓠子堵口(kou)這一(yi)(yi)歷(li)史時期內一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列治河(he)(he)防洪、開渠通航(hang)和引(yin)水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉的(de)史實。之后，其感(gan)嘆道：“甚哉水(shui)之為利(li)害(hai)(hai)也”,并指出“自是之后，用事(shi)者爭言水(shui)利(li)”。從(cong)此，水(shui)利(li)一(yi)(yi)詞就(jiu)具有了防洪、灌(guan)(guan)溉、航(hang)運等除害(hai)(hai)興利(li)的(de)含義。
平遙縣山川河圖
文明(ming)的(de)(de)起源(yuan)、進步與(yu)發展都得益于(yu)水(shui)的(de)(de)哺育與(yu)滋養。自古以(yi)來(lai)，華夏民(min)族擇水(shui)而居，水(shui)可(ke)為利，亦(yi)可(ke)為害(hai)。早(zao)期先民(min)在防御水(shui)患和開發利用水(shui)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)治水(shui)過程中，創造了(le)獨(du)具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)華夏文明(ming)。距(ju)今4000多(duo)年前的(de)(de)大禹(yu)治水(shui)，改堵為疏(shu)，治水(shui)立國(guo)，揭開了(le)華夏民(min)族文明(ming)進程新的(de)(de)一頁(ye)，水(shui)利由此成(cheng)為中國(guo)歷史的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分。相傳(chuan)大禹(yu)治水(shui)成(cheng)功后定天下為九州，宋代(dai)的(de)(de)《九州山川實證總圖(tu)》在當時的(de)(de)認知水(shui)平下描繪了(le)《禹(yu)貢》中山、河、湖、海及(ji)冀、兗、青、徐、揚(yang)、豫、荊、雍、梁九州界域及(ji)內容。
《水(shui)經(jing)(jing)注》是古代(dai)中國地(di)理(li)名(ming)著，作者是北魏的(de)(de)酈道元。《水(shui)經(jing)(jing)注》因注《水(shui)經(jing)(jing)》而得名(ming)，書中詳細(xi)記載了(le)1000多條大(da)小河流及有關的(de)(de)歷史(shi)遺(yi)跡(ji)、人物掌故與(yu)神話傳說等，是中國古代(dai)最(zui)全(quan)面(mian)、最(zui)系統的(de)(de)綜合(he)性地(di)理(li)著作，其(qi)中對河流河道、歷史(shi)水(shui)文、湖泊和(he)農(nong)業(ye)地(di)理(li)等情況進行了(le)較為全(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)記載。特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)自然(ran)環境和(he)季風氣(qi)候決(jue)定了(le)水(shui)利(li)(li)是人們生(sheng)存、發展的(de)(de)必然(ran)選擇。特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)自然(ran)條件也使(shi)農(nong)業(ye)產生(sheng)了(le)種植業(ye)與(yu)畜(chu)牧業(ye)的(de)(de)自然(ran)劃分，水(shui)旱災害的(de)(de)發生(sheng)以及農(nong)業(ye)灌溉的(de)(de)需要，使(shi)平遙的(de)(de)先(xian)民(min)自古就開始重視(shi)興修水(shui)利(li)(li)，因地(di)制宜的(de)(de)水(shui)利(li)(li)工程在各地(di)均發揮著顯著功效。
明萬歷三十七年《汾州府(fu)志》平(ping)遙卷·（地理類）、（水(shui)利(li)、土(tu)產）
山 川
按山靈(ling)水秀，則瑰瑋產焉，汾及屬固多(duo)平川沃壤，而層峰峭(qiao)壁(bi)、曲澗回(hui)溪，亦無地無之，不可謂非晉藩中一雄(xiong)鎮也。嗟嗟美哉！山河之固，自昔紀(ji)之矣。
超山(shan) 在縣東南四十里，一名(ming)戈(ge)嶺山(shan)，視諸山(shan)獨超出，山(shan)之巔廣平，周圍百(bai)余步。
平遙縣山川河圖
麓(lu)臺山(shan)(shan) 在(zai)縣東南(nan)四十七里(li)，一名蒙山(shan)(shan)，又名謁戾(yeli)。《山(shan)(shan)海經(jing)》云(yun)(yun)：“龍首山(shan)(shan)西二百里(li)，曰(yue)‘麓(lu)臺山(shan)(shan)’。”《爾雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)：“山(shan)(shan)足曰(yue)‘麓(lu)’，土高曰(yue)‘臺’。”
平遙縣山川河圖
源(yuan)祠水 在(zai)縣東南十五(wu)里。平地涌泉，灌溉民(min)田，北(bei)注(zhu)中都，入汾(fen)河。
源祠水 在縣東南十五里。平地涌泉，灌溉民田(tian)，北注中(zhong)都(dou)，入汾河。
中都水 在(zai)縣東南五十(shi)里。按《圖經志》源(yuan)出黃溪(xi)峪橫(heng)嶺(ling)，下注(zhu)西南合(he)源(yuan)祠水，經城南西循鄔(wu)城泊，入汾(fen)河。
亭(ting)岡水 在縣南(nan)四十八里，石巖中涌出。《圖經》云：此水自亭(ting)岡谷北(bei)流，亦入(ru)中都河(he)。
源(yuan)公水 一名賀虜水，出自白虎山，涌(yong)注北流(liu)，堤(di)引灌(guan)田三十(shi)余頃。
水 利
昔(xi)趙(zhao)清(qing)獻開水利(li)(li)，多怨之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，公詩卒付(fu)恩怨於兩忘，民竟賴(lai)之(zhi)，以是知水利(li)(li)有天然者(zhe)(zhe)，有人為者(zhe)(zhe)，誠心(xin)，清(qing)獻之(zhi)心(xin)，不任(ren)受(shou)(shou)怨，亦不任(ren)受(shou)(shou)德，總(zong)之(zhi)，補雨露之(zhi)所不及，而歸于(yu)利(li)(li)民則一，疏瀹（yue)決排，萬世永賴(lai)，利(li)(li)豈淺鮮乎哉！
中(zhong)(zhong)都堰(yan)(yan)在(zai)縣東(dong)南，中(zhong)(zhong)都河古跡向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)，后(hou)因洪善驛(yi)告分(fen)(fen)飲馬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，久俱北(bei)(bei)注。嘉靖十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泛漲，沖壞(huai)城東(dong)北(bei)(bei)角，生(sheng)員(yuan)李濮等(deng)(deng)具(ju)呈守(shou)道參政趙，準呈修筑堤堰(yan)(yan)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)扔西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)，城始免患，舉人雷潔潔、耆(qi)民(min)(min)成柰等(deng)(deng)督工。萬歷(li)二十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)村田(tian)(tian)相等(deng)(deng)爭分(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利，告守(shou)道麻準行(xing)(xing)本縣魏(wei)知(zhi)縣蹅(cha)議(yi)，將大河之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)村使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)七分(fen)(fen)，許田(tian)(tian)相等(deng)(deng)分(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)渠(qu)，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)三(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)，用石(shi)砌渠(qu)口(kou)，以防沖決，後因修造不(bu)堅，二十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)以來(lai)，山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泛漲渠(qu)口(kou)沖塌，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)獨北(bei)(bei)流(liu)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)村郭從賢(xian)等(deng)(deng)與(yu)田(tian)(tian)相，爭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)累訟(song)。三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)村溫大安等(deng)(deng)爭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)田(tian)(tian)相互告守(shou)道徐，蒙批河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)行(xing)(xing)何常，惟(wei)其所決，中(zhong)(zhong)都河之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，想(xiang)可西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、亦(yi)可東(dong)北(bei)(bei)者，往年(nian)(nian)魏(wei)知(zhi)縣從北(bei)(bei)鄉(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)請，分(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)澆灘，定以三(san)(san)(san)七分(fen)(fen)，何嘗不(bu)是，當(dang)時或(huo)未審西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)地形之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)下，亦(yi)未審離城之(zhi)(zhi)遠近耳。今勘得西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)北(bei)(bei)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)勢順，非些微(wei)土石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)所能(neng)堵(du)，一(yi)(yi)遇泛漲，必至(zhi)潰決，河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)盡(jin)北(bei)(bei)，寧(ning)直(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)無(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)利而(er)(er)北(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)且有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)矣。今縣官(guan)議(yi)塞(sai)渠(qu)口(kou)，非為民(min)(min)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)利，實為城隍官(guan)道計耳。是或(huo)一(yi)(yi)道而(er)(er)田(tian)(tian)相等(deng)(deng)徑呶呶不(bu)服，又云距(ju)城尚遠，倘(tang)于城壕非切(qie)膚(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)，則與(yu)其盡(jin)塞(sai)，莫(mo)若量開利除害(hai)工夫全(quan)在(zai)堰(yan)(yan)口(kou)。行(xing)(xing)本府知(zhi)府王道一(yi)(yi)并同知(zhi)趙士際踏議(yi)，地形西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)北(bei)(bei)下，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)易，向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)難，仍照前三(san)(san)(san)七分(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，沖決之(zhi)(zhi)處，厚加堵(du)塞(sai)，使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)全(quan)力西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)注，但於堤中(zhong)(zhong)開一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)口(kou)，細流(liu)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)，修砌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)，務(wu)極(ji)堅固，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)兩(liang)村均(jun)受水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利、無(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害(hai)矣。此(ci)舉工費頗鉅，一(yi)(yi)勞永逸(yi)，在(zai)縣長(chang)留(liu)心耳。
平遙縣山川河圖
清乾隆三十六(liu)年《汾州府(fu)志》平遙(yao)卷·卷之三 （山川）
山 川·上
府(fu)境之(zhi)山(shan)，以(yi)汾水分東西。西山(shan)自寧(ning)武(wu)府(fu)五寨(zhai)縣(xian)南(nan)六(liu)十里蘆芽山(shan)，迤邐而南(nan)。在府(fu)屬臨(lin)縣(xian)湫水之(zhi)右者，曰“紫金(jin)山(shan)”，東南(nan)距縣(xian)治四(si)十里。西麓(lu)之(zhi)溪澗四(si)，西入(ru)黃河；東麓(lu)之(zhi)溪澗三(san)，東入(ru)秋水；皆山(shan)夾水澗，悉紫金(jin)山(shan)枝麓(lu)也。山(shan)勢嵯峨，時有云氣。
河東(dong)(dong)之(zhi)山，自(zi)寧武府(fu)治西南四(si)十里(li)分(fen)水嶺(ling)(ling)，迤邐布分(fen)。東(dong)(dong)南之(zhi)樂平(ping)縣(xian)西沾(zhan)嶺(ling)(ling)，右轉歷八賦嶺(ling)(ling)、侯甲嶺(ling)(ling)，至府(fu)屬平(ping)遙縣(xian)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)，曰“磐石(shi)山”，西距(ju)縣(xian)治六十里(li)，有溪澗北流二十余里(li)，散(san)于原野。
曰“鹿(lu)（麓）臺山(shan)”，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)距縣治五(wu)十里。嬰澗水出(chu)焉，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)入候甲水。今(jin)其水西(xi)北(bei)(bei)流，散于(yu)原野。酈(li)道元(yuan)以《山(shan)海經》“謁戾(li)之山(shan)，嬰侯之水”當之。《文獻(xian)通(tong)考》汾州平(ping)遙(yao)縣下(xia)運：“有(you)麓臺山(shan)，有(you)嬰澗水。”劉崡《游麓臺山(shan)記》云：“山(shan)無林木，眾壑參差，千巖(yan)一色(se)，頂上方石，平(ping)置累(lei)累(lei)，如九層(ceng)臺。麓臺得名(ming)，或以此峰(feng)。”
平遙縣山川河圖
曰“過(guo)(guo)山(shan)(shan)”，西北距縣(xian)(xian)治(zhi)四十五里。《魏書·地形(xing)志》太原郡平遙縣(xian)(xian)下云：“有過(guo)(guo)山(shan)(shan)”，是(shi)也(ye)。“過(guo)(guo)”讀如“戈”。魯(lu)澗之水出焉，西北流二十余里，散(san)于原野(ye)。其西為戈嶺，有溪澗，東北入侯甲水。
曰“超山(shan)(shan)(shan)”，西北距縣治(zhi)四十里(li)。麓(lu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)以西至(zhi)此，皆古過山(shan)(shan)(shan)也。超山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)名，起于唐天寶六(liu)年，以《水(shui)經注(zhu)》證之(zhi)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)汜山(shan)(shan)(shan)矣。其(qi)溪澗(jian)北入過嶺水(shui)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)有元(yuan)遺山(shan)(shan)(shan)題名石(shi)云：“已亥秋八月十有四日，自太原道往(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)陽，留宿于此。東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)元(yuan)好問裕之(zhi)題。”溫仁(ren)甫有后(hou)序。
平遙縣山川河圖
山 川·下
水利堤堰附見各水下
汾(fen)(fen)(fen)水，出寧武府(fu)寧武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)六十(shi)里(li)樓(lou)子山，即管(guan)涔(cen)山之(zhi)別嶂也(ye)。南(nan)(nan)流，由(you)忻州之(zhi)靜樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，太(tai)(tai)原府(fu)交城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北，陽曲縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，太(tai)(tai)原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，徐溝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，復逕(jing)(jing)交城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)，而由(you)文(wen)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，至府(fu)屬平(ping)遙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北境(jing)(jing)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)流，逕(jing)(jing)故(gu)蔚州城西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，經西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)故(gu)來城東(dong)(dong)(dong)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，接介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北境(jing)(jing)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，逕(jing)(jing)故(gu)鄔城北，左得侯甲水；縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)鸑鷟(yue zhuo)泉之(zhi)水，亦(yi)北流注(zhu)之(zhi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，逕(jing)(jing)介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北，孝(xiao)義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)文(wen)水自右注(zhu)之(zhi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，白(bai)溝水東(dong)(dong)(dong)流二十(shi)余(yu)(yu)里(li)注(zhu)之(zhi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，一(yi)水導源靈石縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北山，逕(jing)(jing)孝(xiao)義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)(nan)，屈而東(dong)(dong)(dong)流十(shi)余(yu)(yu)里(li)注(zhu)之(zhi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，柳壁水東(dong)(dong)(dong)流十(shi)余(yu)(yu)里(li)注(zhu)之(zhi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，逕(jing)(jing)介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)，入(ru)雀鼠谷，接平(ping)陽府(fu)境(jing)(jing)，又(you)由(you)靈石縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北，霍州西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，汾(fen)(fen)(fen)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，趙(zhao)城、洪洞(dong)、臨汾(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，襄陵、太(tai)(tai)平(ping)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，曲沃縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北，降州、稷山、河(he)津之(zhi)南(nan)(nan)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)于河(he)。歷府(fu)境(jing)(jing)平(ping)遙、孝(xiao)義(yi)、介休(xiu)三縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。其故(gu)道自文(wen)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)折而西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，逕(jing)(jing)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，后一(yi)再東(dong)(dong)(dong)徙(xi)，不(bu)復至汾(fen)(fen)(fen)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)。
據(ju)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》，“文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)到平陶(tao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，又(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，入(ru)(ru)于(yu)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。原公(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過(guo)茲氏(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，又(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，入(ru)(ru)于(yu)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)”。平陶(tao)古城(cheng)在今(jin)文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，似(si)(si)今(jin)時(shi)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)陽(yang)(yang)、孝(xiao)義東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)境(jing)。文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)所經(jing)(jing)(jing)，即《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)故(gu)(gu)道。《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)注》：“文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與勝水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)合，又(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)入(ru)(ru)于(yu)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。”其注原公(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)云：“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入(ru)(ru)文(wen)湖(hu)，不(bu)至(zhi)(zhi)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)。”似(si)(si)與今(jin)改(gai)流(liu)之汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)殊。考汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，舊有(you)文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安都(dou)(dou)，屈(qu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)都(dou)(dou)，入(ru)(ru)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)。明萬歷三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徙(xi)，由(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)齊(qi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)都(dou)(dou)，入(ru)(ru)平遙境(jing)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)岸，經(jing)(jing)(jing)郝(hao)莊(zhuang)、趙坦村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、安固村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、樂村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、羌城(cheng)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)岸由(you)文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)永(yong)樂村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，入(ru)(ru)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)陽(yang)(yang)境(jing)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)尹(yin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)社、狄家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)社、閻家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)社、裴(pei)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)社（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、郭家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)社村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、李(li)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、九(jiu)枝社（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、演武鎮（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）辛(xin)愛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)少南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、師家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、董(dong)(dong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）其平遙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)羌城(cheng)之下(xia)，接入(ru)(ru)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)韓家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)橋(qiao)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)堡（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、大(da)王村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)小(xiao)堡（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。孝(xiao)義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)則(ze)由(you)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)入(ru)(ru)境(jing)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)岸經(jing)(jing)(jing)新莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、盧家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)路(lu)莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、鄭家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)瑩(ying)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)姚村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、董(dong)(dong)屯（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)岸經(jing)(jing)(jing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)小(xiao)堡（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、大(da)堡、張(zhang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、橋(qiao)頭(tou)(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、霍家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)堡（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。介(jie)休縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，由(you)孝(xiao)義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)入(ru)(ru)境(jing)。右岸經(jing)(jing)(jing)橋(qiao)頭(tou)(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），左岸經(jing)(jing)(jing)羅王莊(zhuang)、大(da)宋(song)(song)曲、小(xiao)宋(song)(song)曲（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)少北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。國朝乾隆(long)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)，又(you)徙(xi)而東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，不(bu)入(ru)(ru)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)岸經(jing)(jing)(jing)任莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、杜家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)范(fan)落(luo)(luo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)張(zhang)趙村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)少北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)岸經(jing)(jing)(jing)平遙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之辛(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)范(fan)落(luo)(luo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、青落(luo)(luo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、薛(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、寧固阜(fu)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、蘇(su)封村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、岳封村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、王智村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官(guan)地村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、靜化村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），接介(jie)休縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)鹽場（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)辛(xin)武村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)期村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、席(xi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、邢(xing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（并(bing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）、洪(hong)相村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），至(zhi)(zhi)橋(qiao)頭(tou)(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，歸(gui)故(gu)(gu)道。孝(xiao)義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)則(ze)自萬戶堡入(ru)(ru)境(jing)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)少北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)，至(zhi)(zhi)橋(qiao)頭(tou)(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），合文(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；以下(xia)復行故(gu)(gu)道。又(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)許，合白溝水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。又(you)數里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，合王馬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。又(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，至(zhi)(zhi)蕫屯（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)少東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)），合嶺(ling)壁溝水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；溝南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)即介(jie)休之嶺(ling)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)（縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)）。此(ci)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)轉徙(xi)之大(da)致也(ye)。
汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)舊經汾(fen)(fen)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)，地(di)高河卑，瀕河或用桔槔(gao)汲水(shui)溉畦(qi)。明嘉靖中，分(fen)守冀南道趙(zhao)祖元(yuan)，疏渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，造江浙水(shui)東(dong)，教民(min)引(yin)溉，民(min)甚利(li)之，后於(wu)徙不常，遂(sui)廢(fei)(fei)。萬歷二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)，介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)史記事，於(wu)縣(xian)(xian)西北羅王莊(zhuang)，開(kai)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)引(yin)汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)，南至孫(sun)暢村，長千(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七丈(zhang)(zhang)，廣丈(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺，深丈(zhang)(zhang)，溉田三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六頃(qing)有(you)奇。又(you)平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)縣(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)魏學徵，共興水(shui)利(li)。自(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)，至介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)北，開(kai)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)引(yin)汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)。在(zai)平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)境長二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)六百(bai)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)，在(zai)介休(xiu)境二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)，渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)廣六丈(zhang)(zhang)，溉平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)百(bai)頃(qing)，介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六頃(qing)。其水(shui)程，自(zi)(zi)下而(er)上以次灌輸，先介休(xiu)引(yin)灌十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)后平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)引(yin)灌十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)。其平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)、介休(xiu)、汾(fen)(fen)陽(yang)、孝(xiao)(xiao)義舊渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，萬歷二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)，孝(xiao)(xiao)義縣(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)周佑，請分(fen)四(si)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)利(li)，其十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)之朔，止次年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)。平(ping)(ping)遙(yao)(yao)(yao)縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，至十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)；介休(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)八日(ri)(ri)(ri)，至十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)；汾(fen)(fen)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六日(ri)(ri)(ri)，至正月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)；孝(xiao)(xiao)義縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)(yu)正月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，至二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)終(zhong)。而(er)孝(xiao)(xiao)義又(you)分(fen)四(si)堰(yan)：永安(an)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，引(yin)經新莊(zhuang)村、鹽鍋頭(tou)(tou)村、南船頭(tou)(tou)村、小堡(bao)村；福豨(xi)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，引(yin)經大堡(bao)村、程家(jia)莊(zhuang)、李家(jia)莊(zhuang)；濟民(min)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，引(yin)經橋頭(tou)(tou)村、張家(jia)莊(zhuang)；盧橋渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，引(yin)經盧家(jia)莊(zhuang)；別有(you)仁德渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，后并沖壞，更濬(jun)(xun)利(li)導渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，自(zi)(zi)汾(fen)(fen)水(shui)轉徙后，渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)堰(yan)悉廢(fei)(fei)。
侯甲水(shui)(shui)，出沁州武鄉縣西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)百里侯甲山(shan)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)流(liu)屈西(xi)，逕(jing)太原府(fu)祁縣北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，俗呼“沙河”，西(xi)接府(fu)屬平遙縣東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)境。西(xi)南(nan)流(liu)，左得(de)嬰澗水(shui)(shui)。又西(xi)南(nan)，逕(jing)故(gu)(gu)京陵(ling)城北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。又西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，逕(jing)縣西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)故(gu)(gu)中都城北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，左得(de)過(guo)嶺之水(shui)(shui)。又西(xi)南(nan)，左得(de)亭岡水(shui)(shui)。又西(xi)，至介(jie)休(xiu)縣東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，逕(jing)故(gu)(gu)鄔城南(nan)，而西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)入鄔陂，以(yi)達(da)于汾。
平遙縣山川河圖
《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注》：侯(hou)甲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)逕祁縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)，又西，逕京(jing)陵縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)；又西北(bei)(bei)，逕中(zhong)都縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)，城(cheng)(cheng)臨際水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湄；又西，合(he)嬰(ying)侯(hou)之水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，逕鄔縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)；又西北(bei)(bei)，入(ru)鄔陂而(er)歸(gui)于汾(fen)(fen)流矣。《元和郡縣(xian)(xian)圖志》：“祁縣(xian)(xian)胡甲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一名‘太谷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)’，東南(nan)(nan)自(zi)潞州(zhou)武鄉縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)流入(ru)。又南(nan)(nan)，入(ru)汾(fen)(fen)州(zhou)平遙縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)。”案：此水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經平遙縣(xian)(xian)，自(zi)縣(xian)(xian)東北(bei)(bei)三十里山胡村(cun)入(ru)境(jing)，行(xing)三十五里，合(he)中(zhong)都河。又三十五里，至靜(jing)化村(cun)，接介休境(jing)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)側有長(chang)壽村(cun)，故(gu)俗呼“長(chang)壽河”，夏秋暴漲，屢漂民舍。《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注》言“逕中(zhong)都縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)”，今逕中(zhong)都城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)，蓋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道徙(xi)流也。
嬰澗(jian)(jian)水(shui)，出平遙縣東(dong)南(nan)麓(lu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)，俗呼(hu)“麓(lu)臺(tai)(tai)河”，《水(shui)經(jing)注》所謂“嬰侯之水(shui)”也。又(you)西北(bei)，魯澗(jian)(jian)水(shui)出縣東(dong)南(nan)過山(shan)(shan)，北(bei)流，逕青城(cheng)西而北(bei)注之。又(you)西北(bei)，匯於侯甲(jia)水(shui)。
平遙縣山川河圖
《文(wen)獻通(tong)考》：“平(ping)遙(yao)縣(xian)有麓(lu)臺山(shan)，嬰澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水。”劉崡《游(you)麓(lu)臺山(shan)記》云(yun)：“山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰，嬰豨出(chu)焉，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北流(liu)入(ru)深壑，及出(chu)山(shan)，由(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)崖岡(gang)底陰溝(gou)(gou)(gou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。石壁夾立，灌(guan)(guan)嬰廟在豨東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)里。嬰澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，或以灌(guan)(guan)將(jiang)軍故歟？”雷潔(jie)疏《中(zhong)都河記》云(yun)：“城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一河，名‘魯(lu)澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)’，自東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)引(yin)(yin)入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)，流(liu)縣(xian)衙側，有華林園(yuan)，城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)央有賀蘭(lan)橋。厥(jue)后,魯(lu)澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)沖湮溝(gou)(gou)(gou)塹，不復入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)瀠(ying)(ying)潤(run)(run)。”案：麓(lu)臺山(shan)嬰澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水，《水經(jing)注》引(yin)(yin)《山(shan)海經(jing)》“嬰侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水”實之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)其(qi)名非(fei)起于(yu)灌(guan)(guan)嬰矣(yi)。平(ping)遙(yao)縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，今為中(zhong)都水所經(jing)，而魯(lu)澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)又(you)在其(qi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；又(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，則(ze)嬰澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)；又(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，則(ze)磐(pan)石山(shan)水。此三澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，皆引(yin)(yin)資灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)，其(qi)水不復匯流(liu)成川，山(shan)水盛漲，乃(nai)通(tong)流(liu)入(ru)沙河。魯(lu)澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，導源朱坑溝(gou)(gou)(gou)。澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、洪堡、閻良(liang)堡、龐莊(zhuang)地(di)；澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)細腰村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、金莊(zhuang)地(di)。各設渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，惟(wei)龐莊(zhuang)乃(nai)散漫余水微潤(run)(run)地(di)畝，無渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)道。嬰澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)府底村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)；澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)羅鳴后村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)。以北歧二(er)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)閻村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、五里莊(zhuang)地(di)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)新盛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大(da)閻村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、小(xiao)閻村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)襄垣村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)、欽(qin)賢村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、郝同(tong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、郝家堡、洪善(shan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)；東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)襄垣村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、梁官村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)。皆設支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。磐(pan)石山(shan)澗(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，至原野，岐為二(er)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)：西(xi)(xi)(xi)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)白(bai)城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)；東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)栢生村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)；東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，引(yin)(yin)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)郝開村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)，皆設支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
過嶺(ling)水(shui)，有(you)(you)二源。東(dong)(dong)源出平(ping)遙縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)南過嶺(ling)之陰(yin)，西北流(liu)，有(you)(you)泉(quan)出縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)南十五里(li)，曰“原(yuan)祠水(shui)”，平(ping)地涌泉(quan)，北流(liu)注(zhu)之。又西北，左(zuo)合西川。西源出縣(xian)(xian)南超山(shan)，北流(liu)合東(dong)(dong)川，一名“祀水(shui)”，俗呼“中都河”，北逕縣(xian)(xian)城東(dong)(dong)，迤西，會(hui)于侯甲水(shui)。
《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注》云：“《山(shan)海經》稱‘謁戾之(zhi)山(shan)，嬰侯之(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，出於其陰，北(bei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，注于(yu)汜(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)’。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)右出祀山(shan)，其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)殊源共(gong)合(he)，注於嬰侯之(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，亂流(liu)(liu)(liu)，逕中都縣南，俗又謂(wei)中都水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，侯甲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)注之(zhi)。”案：嬰澗(jian)以(yi)西諸山(shan)源，合(he)成一(yi)川，而(er)會于(yu)祁縣來之(zhi)沙河。后因(yin)各上(shang)游渠(qu)堰(yan)支分(fen)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)散原(yuan)(yuan)野，不(bu)復通流(liu)(liu)(liu)。超(chao)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，俗又呼(hu)“原(yuan)(yuan)公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”，又呼(hu)“賀(he)魯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”，因(yin)汾陽(yang)之(zhi)原(yuan)(yuan)公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)傳合(he)于(yu)此。舊(jiu)由城(cheng)南引而(er)西，合(he)石城(cheng)山(shan)之(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，入鄔陂。其后，洪善驛分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)飲馬，開(kai)(kai)堤(di)(di)（堤(di)(di)）北(bei)引。明嘉靖十(shi)(shi)四年，因(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)城(cheng)東北(bei)角，知(zhi)縣曹俸，委典史吳欽，于(yu)城(cheng)東南一(yi)里開(kai)(kai)渠(qu)，深七(qi)尺(chi)(chi)，廣二丈，長二里，筑堤(di)(di)長百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)丈，崇(chong)三(san)丈五(wu)尺(chi)(chi)，廣十(shi)(shi)五(wu)步，名(ming)“中都堰(yan)”。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仍逕城(cheng)南西流(liu)(liu)(liu)。萬歷二十(shi)(shi)三(san)年，定(ding)七(qi)分(fen)往(wang)西，三(san)分(fen)往(wang)北(bei)，資溉民田(tian)；用石砌(qi)筑渠(qu)口(kou)，以(yi)防沖(chong)(chong)(chong)決。二十(shi)(shi)九年，山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漲，渠(qu)口(kou)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)塌，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)直北(bei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。三(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年，以(yi)地形西高北(bei)下(xia)，引北(bei)勢(shi)易，仍定(ding)三(san)七(qi)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)塌處厚加筑塞(sai)，使全力西注，于(yu)堤(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)一(yi)小(xiao)口(kou)，細(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)往(wang)北(bei)。于(yu)是(shi)，均受水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利，而(er)無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)害。崇(chong)禎間，山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)暴漲壞(huai)堤(di)(di)，西渠(qu)淤塞(sai)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)遂北(bei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。國(guo)朝乾隆二十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年，知(zhi)縣李在田(tian)詳請，乃于(yu)南門(men)外筑堤(di)(di)護(hu)城(cheng)，長五(wu)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)丈，以(yi)防南山(shan)諸豨澗(jian)暴漲。
過嶺水東源，俗(su)呼(hu)“邢村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)河”，惟澗(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)東，引(yin)溉新(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、郭(guo)休村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、青村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、邢村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)郭(guo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)。西(xi)源，俗(su)呼(hu)“超山(shan)河”，澗(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)西(xi)，引(yin)溉西(xi)坡村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)源寺(si)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)；澗(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)東，引(yin)溉水磨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、疙(ge)瘩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東泉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、趙壁村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)。其與(yu)邢村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)河合流(liu)以下，由縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)東，屈(qu)逕城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)，引(yin)溉侯(hou)郭(guo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、道(dao)備村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、游駕村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)(nan)政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、劉家莊(zhuang)地(di)，皆設(she)，有澗(jian)(jian)(jian)導源縣(xian)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)谷，自左(zuo)注(zhu)之(zhi)。又西(xi)，入侯(hou)甲水。
亭岡水，俗呼(hu)(hu)“路(lu)(lu)牛(niu)河”，導源(yuan)、路(lu)(lu)牛(niu)、石城(cheng)諸山，縣(xian)之(zhi)南(nan)(nan)山也。其西(xi)(xi)，曰(yue)“官溝(gou)”。路(lu)(lu)牛(niu)澗(jian)之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)，引(yin)溉(gai)石渠村(cun)(cun)、薄泥村(cun)(cun)、黎基村(cun)(cun)、岳(yue)壁(bi)村(cun)(cun)地；澗(jian)之(zhi)東(dong)，引(yin)溉(gai)偏城(cheng)村(cun)(cun)、西(xi)(xi)泉村(cun)(cun)地。官溝(gou)，導源(yuan)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)山，俗呼(hu)(hu)“門(men)士神(shen)山”。溝(gou)西(xi)(xi)，引(yin)溉(gai)常村(cun)(cun)、侯冀村(cun)(cun)、杜(du)村(cun)(cun)地；溝(gou)東(dong)，引(yin)溉(gai)安社村(cun)(cun)、七洞(dong)村(cun)(cun)、梁趙(zhao)村(cun)(cun)地，皆設渠。此二水，散(san)漫(man)田間，不(bu)復匯流成(cheng)川。山水盛(sheng)漲，則西(xi)(xi)至縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)四十(shi)里靜化村(cun)(cun)，入侯甲(jia)水。
平遙縣山川河圖
乾隆(long)三(san)十二(er)年(nian)，孫和(he)相掌汾(fen)州(zhou)府(fu)后，翻閱前志，惜其(qi)久而未(wei)修，遂集紳士，咨(zi)訪舊聞(wen)，酌定體例，和(he)相親加潤色，歷一年(nian)草就后，適戴震游(you)于汾(fen)晉(jin)，乃延聘戴氏筆(bi)削成書(shu)於乾隆(long)三(san)十六年(nian)(1771)完成《汾(fen)州(zhou)府(fu)志》刻(ke)本。孫和(he)相字調鼎，山東諸(zhu)城人(ren)，乾隆(long)三(san)年(nian)(1738)舉人(ren)，在清乾隆(long)三(san)十六年(nian)《汾(fen)州(zhou)府(fu)志》平遙卷(juan)·卷(juan)之十九·（藝文志）中記(ji)有《治(zhi)汾(fen)說》一篇：
治 汾 說
---孫和相
乾隆二(er)十六年，文(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)顧學海議，稱(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)(zi)清(qing)源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)榆林村(cun)(cun)起，至(zhi)田家堡、永樂村(cun)(cun)、平遙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)(jie)(jie)止，綿亙(gen)(gen)六十余里，為寧武、靜樂、陽曲、壽陽、榆次、太(tai)原、太(tai)谷、徐溝、清(qing)源(yuan)(yuan)、交(jiao)(jiao)城、祁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永寧州(zhou)眾水(shui)(shui)(shui)回歸之(zhi)處。汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河(he)(he)(he)而(er)外，尚有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)峪、瓦(wa)窯、磁窯、蒿泊、五馬等河(he)(he)(he)，亦(yi)(yi)俱(ju)流(liu)入文(wen)(wen)邑(yi)，籍汾(fen)(fen)(fen)泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。夏秋汾(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泛(fan)漲(zhang)，其(qi)勢(shi)洶涌(yong)，遷徙(xi)無定，自(zi)(zi)古及今，徙(xi)無堤(di)(di)(di)(di)埝(nian)(nian)。而(er)田家堡以(yi)上，河(he)(he)(he)槽(cao)深(shen)闊(kuo)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)患尚少(shao)，下(xia)游(you)(you)永樂村(cun)(cun)以(yi)下(xia)，平遙、汾(fen)(fen)(fen)陽一帶，河(he)(he)(he)槽(cao)甚(shen)淺，其(qi)害(hai)為甚(shen)。沿河(he)(he)(he)沙(sha)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)堅，督民(min)所(suo)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)，又非官工可比(bi)，本(ben)浮(fu)松單薄，不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)防異漲(zhang)。又稱(cheng)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河(he)(he)(he)遷徙(xi)糜常，國朝數十年來，已不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)幾經更(geng)易，耆老目(mu)擊者，猶能(neng)歷(li)(li)歷(li)(li)言之(zhi)。凡遇異漲(zhang)奪(duo)溜(liu)改道之(zhi)時(shi)，奔騰浩瀚，頃刻另自(zi)(zi)成槽(cao)，實非單薄堤(di)(di)(di)(di)堰(yan)(yan)所(suo)能(neng)防堤(di)(di)(di)(di)。而(er)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)隨沙(sha)壅，附近悉系帶沙(sha)之(zhi)土，其(qi)性松浮(fu)，萬難挑濬(jun)，且(qie)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)堪(kan)筑(zhu)(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)。目(mu)下(xia)所(suo)有(you)(you)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)堰(yan)(yan)，高寬(kuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)過數尺，各(ge)處民(min)力不(bu)(bu)(bu)濟(ji)，原皆(jie)有(you)(you)名無實，是無堤(di)(di)(di)(di)固難禁(jin)其(qi)泛(fan)溢，有(you)(you)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)保其(qi)歸槽(cao)，無堤(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)在上游(you)(you)四(si)處散(san)漫之(zhi)害(hai)輕，有(you)(you)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)聚于下(xia)游(you)(you)一處沖決(jue)(jue)之(zhi)害(hai)重。嗣于二(er)十七年，平遙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)李在田議，稱(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)回回堡起，至(zhi)介休縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)李世村(cun)(cun)止綿亙(gen)四(si)十馀里，自(zi)(zi)筑(zhu)(zhu)夾版堤(di)(di)(di)(di)堰(yan)(yan)以(yi)來，汾(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泛(fan)漲(zhang)之(zhi)際(ji)，急流(liu)沖決(jue)(jue)勢(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)免，地畝更(geng)多受(shou)害(hai)，似(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)若(ruo)廢(fei)棄堤(di)(di)(di)(di)堰(yan)(yan)，聽(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漫散(san)順流(liu)，即有(you)(you)湮沒(mei)，為害(hai)亦(yi)(yi)輕。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境與文(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情形相同，民(min)間向有(you)(you)護村(cun)(cun)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)堰(yan)(yan)，似(si)可仿照文(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，沿河(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)種麥田者，亦(yi)(yi)聽(ting)筑(zhu)(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)，麥收后即行廢(fei)棄，聽(ting)其(qi)漫灘，民(min)力獲免疲敝。且(qie)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)勢(shi)洶涌(yong)，沙(sha)土筑(zhu)(zhu)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)堅實，一經泛(fan)漲(zhang)，即至(zhi)沖決(jue)(jue)，終歸無益，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如順水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)性，聽(ting)其(qi)自(zi)(zi)流(liu)，無庸兩(liang)岸修筑(zhu)(zhu)夾版堤(di)(di)(di)(di)堰(yan)(yan)。
汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)上自(zi)太(tai)原府之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣，下至府屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)介休縣，百(bai)余里間，每遇夏(xia)秋水(shui)(shui)(shui)漲，近河(he)(he)居民(min)(min)(min)(min)田(tian)(tian)廬，屢被湮(yin)沒。乾隆二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年，曾議于河(he)(he)身兩岸修筑(zhu)(zhu)夾版(ban)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)堰，因旋(xuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)旋(xuan)沖(chong)，遂(sui)(sui)惟於種(zhong)麥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處各自(zi)筑(zhu)(zhu)堰，保護(hu)麥田(tian)(tian)。歲(sui)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)起工，二(er)月(yue)竣工，六月(yue)麥既(ji)收，即聽(ting)其沖(chong)漫。其后(hou)，文水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣知(zhi)縣顧學海、平(ping)(ping)遙縣知(zhi)縣李在田(tian)(tian)廢堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)議，不(bu)(bu)過(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汾川(chuan)(chuan)泛漲時，單(dan)薄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，徒敝(bi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)力(li)，無(wu)補于事而(er)(er)已。夫黃河(he)(he)二(er)漳，永定、子牙等河(he)(he)，最難施(shi)治，延河(he)(he)亦多沙土，尚可(ke)為(wei)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)謂汾不(bu)(bu)可(ke)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，無(wu)是(shi)(shi)理(li)也(ye)(ye)。汾自(zi)陽曲、太(tai)原、徐溝(gou)而(er)(er)下，匯合(he)眾流(liu)，至此(ci)勢(shi)已盛大。而(er)(er)汾陽、孝義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，平(ping)(ping)遙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)，介休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北，古時往往多陂澤(ze)，則(ze)(ze)地勢(shi)卑下可(ke)知(zhi)。后(hou)代改為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)田(tian)(tian)，聚(ju)為(wei)村落，由(you)來已久，遂(sui)(sui)忘其本澤(ze)地也(ye)(ye)。考昔人棄地為(wei)澤(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，《禹貢》曰：“九澤(ze)既(ji)陂”，胡朏(fei)明(ming)云(yun)：“陂則(ze)(ze)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)”。則(ze)(ze)川(chuan)(chuan)澤(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，其用各異。川(chuan)(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)暴至，開高門受(shou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，使水(shui)(shui)(shui)得有(you)(you)蕩陂中以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分殺其怒(nu)(nu)，川(chuan)(chuan)平(ping)(ping)則(ze)(ze)仍閉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)，遇旱則(ze)(ze)開下門以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)溉(gai)田(tian)(tian)。書傳所記，壽(shou)春芍陂，楚相孫叔敖作(zuo)五門，隋趙軌(gui)修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，更(geng)開三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六門；穰(rang)(rang)縣鉗(qian)廬陂，漢南陽太(tai)守(shou)(shou)召信臣作(zuo)六門，號六門陂；山(shan)陰鏡湖，會(hui)稽太(tai)守(shou)(shou)馬臻作(zuo)筑(zhu)(zhu)塘，周逥(hui)(hui)三(san)百(bai)里，疏為(wei)二(er)門，其北堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)石闥(ta)(ta)二(er)，陰溝(gou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九，南堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陰溝(gou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四，此(ci)陂古法也(ye)(ye)。賈讓言(yan)，內黃界有(you)(you)澤(ze)方(fang)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)里，環之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，太(tai)守(shou)(shou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)賦民(min)(min)(min)(min)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)起廬舍(she)其中。觀此(ci)可(ke)知(zhi)廢澤(ze)為(wei)田(tian)(tian)，出于謀國(guo)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)小利而(er)(er)貽大害。古人瀦水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，無(wu)尺寸(cun)不(bu)(bu)耕，致百(bai)川(chuan)(chuan)決溢，民(min)(min)(min)(min)無(wu)寧(ning)居。翟(zhai)方(fang)進壞汝南鴻隙陂，而(er)(er)郡人怨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；謝靈運求會(hui)稽回踵、岯崲(pi huang)二(er)湖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)田(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)太(tai)守(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)許。近考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府境(jing)，城(cheng)東(dong)文湖，宋(song)時名西(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)灤(luan)，轉運使王沿廢為(wei)田(tian)(tian)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)便(bian)。熙(xi)寧(ning)初，御史劉(liu)述請復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。金(jin)大定間，濱湖居民(min)(min)(min)(min)由(you)欲涸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)田(tian)(tian)，州(zhou)守(shou)(shou)傅慎(shen)徽力(li)為(wei)嚴(yan)禁(jin)。陂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)廢也(ye)(ye)如此(ci)。今如西(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)灤、鄔城(cheng)泊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，在府境(jing)汾川(chuan)(chuan)左右者，一皆輸賦民(min)(min)(min)(min)田(tian)(tian)。有(you)(you)川(chuan)(chuan)無(wu)陂，水(shui)(shui)(shui)大至，則(ze)(ze)渾(hun)洪(hong)赑(bi)怒(nu)(nu)，無(wu)所分殺，徒恃堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制防，亦非左右各棄地數里，厚(hou)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故難以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御盛漲也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)仿黃河(he)(he)堤(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)工以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治汾，半(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦已足，計(ji)豁糧地凡若(ruo)干頃畝(mu)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)失其業(ye)，宜規畫奠安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者凡若(ruo)干戶。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一時難行，不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說，謂聽(ting)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漫散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害輕而(er)(er)已。如僅漫散，害猶可(ke)測(ce)；則(ze)(ze)按之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧議中，有(you)(you)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)年來，幾經(jing)更(geng)易，奔騰浩瀚，頃刻成槽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語，此(ci)汾川(chuan)(chuan)轉徙實錄，然則(ze)(ze)，居民(min)(min)(min)(min)適(shi)當(dang)其沖(chong)者，隨流(liu)而(er)(er)下，何可(ke)不(bu)(bu)預(yu)為(wei)籌(chou)哉！
《藝文志》里還收錄了(le)一篇《宋(song)孟曹、玉山(shan)救水災(zai)(zai)文》描述了(le)平(ping)遙的(de)一次水災(zai)(zai)，記錄了(le)宋(song)孟曹和(he)宋(song)玉山(shan)兩兄(xiong)弟的(de)“仁(ren)愛”義(yi)舉。《宋(song)孟曹、玉山(shan)救水災(zai)(zai)文》在古代(dai)志史里歸屬于“災(zai)(zai)異(yi)”類，不在“水利”范圍，為了(le)說(shuo)明人(ren)民因堤堰塌壞而飽受(shou)水災(zai)(zai)之(zhi)苦難之(zhi)情，故錄于其下：
宋孟曹、玉山救水災文
-----郭興讓
汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)出管涔，南經(jing)太原，合涂、晉(jin)諸水(shui)(shui)(shui)而(er)(er)流益廣。抵平介間，地(di)勢平衍(yan)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)受制，每夏秋汛水(shui)(shui)(shui)怒漲，則(ze)漂沒(mei)田廬，淹斃人(ren)(ren)畜(chu)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝(sheng)數。蒞(li)延袤百(bai)(bai)余里(li)間，瀕河村落，靡有(you)寧宇。丁亥七(qi)月(yue)，霪潦連(lian)日(ri)夜，汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)沖決，沿河浸沒(mei)數十(shi)(shi)村。而(er)(er)平邑南官地(di)村，為(wei)(wei)害尤烈，平地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深丈余，居人(ren)(ren)二百(bai)(bai)戶(hu)，屋宇盡(jin)坍，婦女乘木板漂泊巨津中，號呼(hu)望(wang)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，人(ren)(ren)掙逃命，雖(sui)兄弟妻子不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)保。余姻孟(meng)(meng)曹、玉(yu)山(shan)昆仲，新構大廈，地(di)高(gao)敞，水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)浸，急具木筏(fa)拯(zheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)溺水(shui)(shui)(shui)者於家(jia)，男女凡數百(bai)(bai)口有(you)奇(qi)，分處內(nei)外(wai)舍，朝夕煮粥餔(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，歷五(wu)六(liu)日(ri)無難色。村人(ren)(ren)舉(ju)手(shou)加(jia)額相(xiang)謂曰(yue)：“今日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)，微宋氏兄弟活我(wo)，吾其(qi)為(wei)(wei)魚矣。”水(shui)(shui)(shui)退，眾始稍(shao)稍(shao)引(yin)去，蒞(li)(li)二百(bai)(bai)戶(hu)舉(ju)得(de)無恙。是(shi)(shi)舉(ju)孟(meng)(meng)曹倡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)經(jing)濟(ji)眾人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居處飲食(shi)，使(shi)各得(de)所者，則(ze)玉(yu)山(shan)偕弟璲(sui)與侄大鵬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)居多(duo)云(yun)。十(shi)(shi)月(yue)水(shui)(shui)(shui)涸，村人(ren)(ren)旋集故里(li)，將制屏酧(chou)德(de)(de)以志不(bu)(bu)忘。孟(meng)(meng)曹卻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)再三，卒不(bu)(bu)獲(huo)。村人(ren)(ren)於是(shi)(shi)走予乞言，予考古(gu)(gu)傳記所載救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災恤患(huan)，若潘(pan)好(hao)古(gu)(gu)、葉封翁(weng)輩，所活不(bu)(bu)過數人(ren)(ren)，或數十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)，而(er)(er)子若孫登甲科，履臺鼎(ding)，其(qi)食(shi)報彰彰如是(shi)(shi)。今孟(meng)(meng)曹昆季(ji)拯(zheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)數百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)於洪濤巨浪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，而(er)(er)袵席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，飲食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)惠澤所及(ji)，視古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)何如？其(qi)食(shi)報于(yu)將來，寧可(ke)(ke)量邪？雖(sui)然，使(shi)孟(meng)(meng)曹昆弟，預圖(tu)食(shi)報而(er)(er)始為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)舉(ju)，則(ze)是(shi)(shi)有(you)所為(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)心已(yi)為(wei)(wei)利欲(yu)所障(zhang)，狥(xun)利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)肯捐目前(qian)顯據(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，而(er)(er)圖(tu)渺茫不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)報邪？惟目擊漂泊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀，耳聞(wen)號呼(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聲，中心惻(ce)惻(ce)，如疾痛在(zai)身，欲(yu)須(xu)臾(yu)緩(huan)其(qi)拯(zheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自已(yi)，而(er)(er)豈有(you)所為(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也哉？孟(meng)(meng)曹昆季(ji)推廣此(ci)心，遇災則(ze)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，見患(huan)則(ze)恤，將德(de)(de)施無窮，蒙休(xiu)者不(bu)(bu)獨在(zai)一(yi)鄉矣，予拭目望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
康熙(xi)四十六年《平遙縣志(zhi)》卷之七 （藝(yi)文志(zhi)）載錄了明代平遙舉人雷潔著名的《疏正中都河記》。
疏正中都河記
明·雷潔
平遙古(gu)邦(bang)(bang)幾(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。蓋自(zi)(zi)(zi)堯為(wei)(wei)陶(tao)侯(hou)而(er)(er)(er)都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，故名(ming)平陶(tao)。后(hou)魏異(yi)名(ming)平遙。其(qi)域(yu)南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)綿(mian)山，其(qi)山有(you)大(da)(da)谷三(san)，發源(yuan)連潢，合(he)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。其(qi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)面旋逝會歸汾水(shui)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、西(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)（三(san)）面，皆(jie)直列(lie)無依(yi)，惟(wei)南(nan)(nan)面頓縮崛纮若龜狀(zhuang)，然迫映此(ci)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，世傳此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“龜前戲水(shui)”。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“山水(shui)朝(chao)(chao)陽”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攸建(jian)依(yi)次為(wei)(wei)勝(sheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)名(ming)魯(lu)澗，自(zi)(zi)(zi)東引入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)。縣(xian)衙側有(you)華林園(yuan)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)賀蘭橋，名(ming)存(cun)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)。若在可嘉厥傳，魯(lu)澗沖湮(yin)溝(gou)塹，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，瀠潤(run)已失地(di)(di)(di)靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)民(min)厭水(shui)淹(yan)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)民(min)僥(jiao)水(shui)利交(jiao)通(tong)，駕(jia)訟假以(yi)(yi)洪善驛決(jue)(jue)堤，飲馬水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)壞(huai)(huai)。此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)大(da)(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)當時義大(da)(da)矣(yi)哉(zai)(zai)！上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)舉(ju)，誠為(wei)(wei)有(you)過(guo)物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必濟矣(yi)。《書》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：惟(wei)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)萬物(wu)父母(mu)。是天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，吾(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)父母(mu)，天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)、山川非(fei)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)父母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣脈乎？故建(jian)邦(bang)(bang)皆(jie)有(you)占察(cha)，以(yi)(yi)鍾天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈，以(yi)(yi)毓生(sheng)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀，非(fei)特為(wei)(wei)設守而(er)(er)(er)已。今疏順(shun)此(ci)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，固(gu)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池計(ji)，殆亦(yi)(yi)調護(hu)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)父母(mu)元氣使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順(shun)。而(er)(er)(er)凡(fan)在育(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或(huo)得(de)萃(cui)順(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萬一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乎！不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然，何以(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)變(bian)(bian)化草木蕃(fan)。夫(fu)(fu)草木尚(shang)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)變(bian)(bian)化而(er)(er)(er)蕃(fan)，豈人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稟(bing)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全，由(you)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)山川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈而(er)(er)(er)且英(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。姑覘(chan)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)邑，曩(nang)(nang)昔未(wei)(wei)壞(huai)(huai)此(ci)河(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)材穎顯，若前工(gong)部尚(shang)書裴(pei)見(jian)素(su)輩(bei)，進士任良才輩(bei)，吏科都(dou)給(gei)事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)任良弼輩(bei)，民(min)庶(shu)豐殷，俗(su)多(duo)(duo)順(shun)軌。自(zi)(zi)(zi)決(jue)(jue)壞(huai)(huai)后(hou)，惡逆四出(chu)，吉(ji)俊(jun)寥落(luo)，民(min)愈困(kun)憊，雖人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)(zi)履(lv)錯(cuo)，或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)父母(mu)乖氣中(zhong)(zhong)來也(ye)。嘗聞時動而(er)(er)(er)事(shi)(shi)起，天(tian)(tian)運而(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)隨。此(ci)河(he)(he)(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)流(liu)后(hou)，彼(bi)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受澤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)(duo)壅為(wei)(wei)沙漠，僥(jiao)利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)反苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。可見(jian)地(di)(di)(di)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲(yu)變(bian)(bian)也(ye)。趨事(shi)(shi)夏(xia)雨(yu)甲(jia)子而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)運，綿(mian)暮雨(yu)朝(chao)(chao)晴，工(gong)無阻間，此(ci)見(jian)天(tian)(tian)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲(yu)變(bian)(bian)也(ye)。合(he)縣(xian)禮犒督工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，甚有(you)施(shi)飯(fan)飲，出(chu)牛車而(er)(er)(er)助(zhu)夫(fu)(fu)力者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)見(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲(yu)變(bian)(bian)也(ye)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)三(san)變(bian)(bian)集(ji)焉。誠易(yi)所謂“窮則(ze)變(bian)(bian)，變(bian)(bian)則(ze)通(tong)，通(tong)則(ze)久(jiu)(jiu)”。會三(san)才而(er)(er)(er)時主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)世計(ji)，遂此(ci)河(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東迤(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，澎渤飛流(liu)，古(gu)先(xian)建(jian)意佛沒(mei)殆盡，邇來將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)角沖激(ji)傾圮，保障深虞(yu)，先(xian)蒙大(da)(da)侍(shi)御三(san)吳王東魯(lu)，趙明(ming)降修整，奈委(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)，靡費雖巨(ju)，竟五成(cheng)功(gong)。歲值戊戌仲(zhong)春月，總理(li)糧儲，大(da)(da)參(can)臬古(gu)汴劉分(fen)(fen)巡(xun)，大(da)(da)副(fu)憲古(gu)汴鄭按駐謁廟，誨講畢愕嘆，陬(zou)縣(xian)俗(su)惡財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巨(ju)邑，何乃爾詢咨？合(he)學生(sheng)員李(li)濮(pu)等(deng)陳言：古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)濱河(he)(he)(he)(he)決(jue)(jue)壞(huai)(huai)，遺及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)患，并諸料理(li)。準呈修復，選舉(ju)公智耆(qi)民(min)成(cheng)奈等(deng)，禮招(zhao)營督。時署縣(xian)事(shi)(shi)，汾州(zhou)經(jing)歷關中(zhong)(zhong)趙烈，奉(feng)行間知縣(xian)濟南(nan)(nan)曹(cao)俸，覲(jin)天(tian)(tian)歸治，特委(wei)典史關中(zhong)(zhong)吳欽，督夫(fu)(fu)數(shu)百名(ming)，躬倡耆(qi)民(min)，分(fen)(fen)緝役(yi)事(shi)(shi)。未(wei)(wei)幾(ji)，兩(liang)月開(kai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)渠深七尺，闊(kuo)二(er)丈，長(chang)二(er)里，筑堤一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百二(er)十步，高三(san)丈五尺，闊(kuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十五步，起建(jian)鎮河(he)(he)(he)(he)禹王廟兩(liang)楹，塑(su)像莊嚴，香案具備。其(qi)成(cheng)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速，若靈異(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。曹(cao)俸喜而(er)(er)(er)作曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“盍(he)豎堅珉，垂為(wei)(wei)永久(jiu)(jiu)。”既查文會等(deng)坊總，小甲(jia)范文臣(chen)等(deng)前呈，此(ci)河(he)(he)(he)(he)永久(jiu)(jiu)南(nan)(nan)流(liu)，以(yi)(yi)避城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)患，暨詢概(gai)縣(xian)里老、鄉官、舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、監生(sheng)僉言胥協(xie)。乃命生(sheng)記，生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敏，但生(sheng)斯長(chang)斯，爰(yuan)喙(hui)(hui)輿(yu)，聞而(er)(er)(er)概(gai)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，切(qie)為(wei)(wei)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)邑慶，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘大(da)(da)過(guo)無二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。’其(qi)位育(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)盛矣(yi)。雖然亦(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)內也(ye)。”張子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：大(da)(da)臣(chen)宗(zong)子家相。孔子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：干殳(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蠱意承考也(ye)。上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命修復者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)善體天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，而(er)(er)(er)干吾(wu)(wu)(wu)乾(qian)父坤母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蠱焉耳。韓子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：利名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慮民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體而(er)(er)(er)敢攸決(jue)(jue)裂，則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惟(wei)獲戾天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)有(you)國家捐壞(huai)(huai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憲在焉。故顏芹宮，以(yi)(yi)兆思患預防之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鐵(tie)鉞(yue)云。嗚呼(hu)！懋哉(zai)(zai)，鑒哉(zai)(zai)。
康(kang)熙四(si)十(shi)六年《平遙縣志》卷之一 星地（野(ye)）志
山 川
超(chao)山(shan)(shan)， 在(zai)縣東南(nan)四十(shi)里(li)，一名戈(ge)嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)，一名鍋山(shan)(shan)，視諸山(shan)(shan)獨(du)異，以其超(chao)出，故名。其顛廣平，周圍百馀步，環抱(bao)奇秀。按(an)《冢(zhong)記》：高三百三十(shi)六丈，橫一百馀里(li)。
麓(lu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)， 在(zai)縣東南四十七(qi)里(li)，一(yi)名蒙山(shan)，又(you)名謁戾山(shan)。其高無比，山(shan)勢甚(shen)雄。《山(shan)海經》云：龍(long)首山(shan)西三(san)百里(li)曰(yue)(yue)‘麓(lu)臺(tai)(tai)’。《爾雅》云：山(shan)足曰(yue)(yue)‘麓(lu)’土高曰(yue)(yue)‘臺(tai)(tai)’。
紫(zi)蓋峰， 在超山東崖下，常起光，紫(zi)色(se)如蓋，故名。
萬松嶺， 在超山(shan)南，其(qi)山(shan)列嶂如屏(ping)，黛色撲人，又上(shang)下盡松，每風至，濤聲謖(su)謖(su)然(ran)。
文殊頂， 在超山北，舊傳(chuan)有文殊閣在其上(shang)，今廢。或云：文殊菩薩曾(ceng)歇(xie)腳于(yu)此。
清光峰， 在超山東，峰常放光，照徹山谷，如玉(yu)海(hai)銀闕(que)，其發無時。
觀音坪， 在超山之西。
寶塔巖， 在超山東，日落時紫色(se)照耀，即從此(ci)巖下起，或(huo)云塔藏舍利也。
鍋山， 在縣東南五十里，上有塔(ta)。
源池(chi)水(shui)， 在縣(xian)東南十五里，平地泉涌，其(qi)清(qing)可鑒。分流灌(guan)溉民(min)田，北(bei)注中都，西入汾(fen)水(shui)，以源上有祠，故(gu)俗名源祠，每春秋致祭。
中都河， 在縣東南(nan)三十(shi)里，出谷中。按《圖(tu)經(jing)志》：源(yuan)出中都谷橫嶺下(xia)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)合(he)源(yuan)祠水，經(jing)城(cheng)南(nan)往西(xi)(xi)入鄔城(cheng)泊(bo)，復入汾河，灌溉縣西(xi)(xi)十(shi)三村。明莊烈年間，山水瀑放，堤(di)壞，由縣東北(bei)注灌下(xia)八村。
亭岡水， 在縣南(nan)二十八里，石(shi)巖(yan)中出(chu)。《圖經》云：此水自(zi)亭岡谷北流，入中都河。
原(yuan)公水(shui)， 一名賀魯水(shui)，出自超(chao)山(shan)下(xia)，涌注(zhu)東北流堤(di)，引(yin)灌田三十馀頃。堤(di)在永泉里(li)黎(li)基村西(xi)南。
平遙縣山川河圖
嬰澗水(shui)(shui)， 在縣東三(san)十(shi)里。《水(shui)(shui)經》云：謁戾之山，嬰澗之水(shui)(shui)，出于其陰。
平遙縣山川河圖
魯澗(jian)水， 在縣東二十五(wu)里(li)，由朱坑村西注，灌溉(gai)東郭、龐莊(zhuang)二里(li)民田，合(he)嬰澗(jian)水入長壽(shou)河(he)。
汾水， 在(zai)縣西北汾陽(yang)(yang)界。按(an)《山海經(jing)》云(yun)：源出(chu)太(tai)原(yuan)晉陽(yang)(yang)山管涔山谷。自交城、文(wen)水入本境，向西南經(jing)汾陽(yang)(yang)、介(jie)休界。其水勢暴(bao)猛，遷徙不常(chang)，淹沒民(min)田，多(duo)被其害。
平遙縣山川河圖
長壽河(he)， 在縣北三十里，出自南山，經祁縣入本境，西注合汾水，一名(ming)沙河(he)。每夏秋泛漲彌(mi)漫，多(duo)(duo)至沒民廬田畝，而長壽村為害尤多(duo)(duo)。
越谷， 在超山(shan)，一名(ming)郭谷。
龍泉(quan)， 一名應潤泉(quan)，在超(chao)山龍王廟(miao)，禱雨立(li)應。
白龍潭， 在縣(xian)西南洪(hong)谷，禱雨靈應(ying)。武(wu)亮有(you)記稱：其谷上(shang)通綿山，兩崖對峙，壁(bi)立千仞，聚(ju)潭天成，皎若(ruo)明鏡云。
百福井， 在超山(shan)百福寺。旱禱雨即應，病者祈飲多愈(yu)。
孝(xiao)感泉， 在(zai)西(xi)汾村。元沁帥(shuai)杜(du)公(gong)，唐(tang)臣(chen)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)王(wang)所鑿。唐(tang)臣(chen)客沒，夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)歸葬故里。水苦澀不可飲，夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)指示，令人(ren)(ren)鑿之，得(de)泉甘洌，以(yi)供(gong)蘋蘩(fan)。自是，歲時(shi)承祭用之。鄉里重焉，因名(ming)為孝(xiao)感泉。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)，左丞文定公(gong)母(mu)也。
平遙縣山川河圖
光(guang)緒八年《平(ping)遙縣志(zhi)》卷(juan)之一 ·地輿志(zhi) （山川(chuan)）基本延續(xu)了康熙四十六《平(ping)遙縣志(zhi)》的記說(shuo)，但其(qi)在(zai)（山川(chuan)續(xu)編）中對(dui)“超(chao)山、麓臺山、過山”分別(bie)給出了補充說(shuo)明，抄錄如(ru)下：
超山：西北(bei)距縣治四(si)十里，麓(lu)臺山以西至此(ci)皆古古過山也！超山之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)起(qi)于唐代天寶六年，以水經注證之(zhi)(zhi)，山即(ji)汜山矣。其溪(xi)澗(jian)北(bei)入過嶺(ling)水，山有元遺(yi)山題(ti)名(ming)(ming)‘石云’已(yi)亥秋八月十有四(si)日(ri)，自太原道往山陽(yang)留宿(su)於此(ci)。東(dong)山元好(hao)問裕之(zhi)(zhi)題(ti)溫(wen)仁甫有后序。
麓(lu)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)：西北距縣(xian)治(zhi)五十里，嬰(ying)澗(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)出焉，西北入侯(hou)甲水(shui)(shui)(shui)，其(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)西北流(liu)散於原野(ye)。酈道元以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)經謁戾之山(shan)(shan)(shan)、嬰(ying)侯(hou)之水(shui)(shui)(shui)，當之文(wen)獻，通考汾州平遙(yao)縣(xian)下云：‘有麓(lu)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、有嬰(ying)澗(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)’，劉崡逰麓(lu)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)記(ji)云：“山(shan)(shan)(shan)無(wu)林(lin)木，眾壑參差，千(qian)巖一色，頂(ding)上方(fang)石(shi)，平置累累，如九層臺(tai)。”麓(lu)臺(tai)得名或以(yi)此峰。
過山：西北距縣治四十(shi)五里(li)，魏書(shu)《地形(xing)志(zhi)》太原(yuan)郡(jun)平遙(yao)縣下云：有過山是(shi)也！“過”讀如“戈”魯澗之水(shui)(shui)出焉(yan)，西北流二十(shi)馀里(li)，散於原(yuan)野。其西為戈嶺有溪(xi)澗，東(dong)北入侯(hou)甲水(shui)(shui)。
從多本(ben)文獻(xian)考錄(lu)：平(ping)遙縣從元代至清(qing)末的(de)576年（1303---1879）間共(gong)發(fa)生較大水患二十九次(ci)。
元 大(da)德七年(nian)（1303），汾(fen)州平(ping)遙、介休、西(xi)河、孝義等縣(xian)地震成(cheng)渠，泉涌黑沙。汾(fen)州北城(cheng)陷(xian)一里，東城(cheng)陷(xian)七十馀步。（清乾隆三十六年(nian)《汾(fen)州府志(zhi)》平(ping)遙卷）
十一年(nian)（1307）八月，平遙縣(xian)水(shui)。 （清乾隆三十六年(nian)《汾州府志》平遙卷）
延佑七年（1320）八(ba)月，汾州平遙(yao)縣水。（清乾隆(long)三(san)十六年《汾州府(fu)志》平遙(yao)卷(juan)）
泰定(ding)三年(nian)（1325）九月，汾州平(ping)遙縣水溢。（清(qing)乾隆三十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)《汾州府志(zhi)》平(ping)遙卷）
至正十(shi)年(nian)（1343）五(wu)月，汾州平遙縣雨雹(bao)。 （清乾隆(long)三(san)十(shi)六年(nian)《汾州府志》平遙卷(juan)）
七月，平(ping)遙縣汾水溢(yi)。（清(qing)乾隆三十六年《汾州府(fu)志》平(ping)遙卷）
十(shi)九年（1359）夏四(si)月癸亥朔，汾(fen)水暴漲。 （清(qing)乾(qian)隆三十(shi)六年《汾(fen)州府志(zhi)》平遙卷）
二十六(liu)年(nian)（1366）六(liu)月(yue)壬(ren)子朔，汾(fen)州介休縣地震，平遙縣大雨雹。
（清乾(qian)隆三(san)十六年《汾州府志》平遙卷）
明(ming) 嘉靖(jing)三十(shi)五年(nian)（1556），平遙大水，汾州(zhou)大有年(nian)。（本縣溺死(si)者七千馀人）（清(qing)乾(qian)隆三十(shi)六年(nian)《汾州(zhou)府志》平遙卷(juan)）
萬暦三十(shi)二(er)年（1604），城北汾(fen)水泛漲，徑入沙河。夏秋二(er)禾(he)盡(jin)沒，農家(jia)失望(wang)。（明萬歷三十(shi)七年《汾(fen)州府志》平(ping)遙卷(juan)）
“萬暦三十二年(nian)夏六(liu)月，平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)水。”（乾隆三十六(liu)年(nian)《汾州(zhou)府志》平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)卷）
三十四年（1606），西北(bei)郷冰(bing)雹(bao)復傷(shang)，鄰(lin)河多愁嘆(tan)之聲。（明萬歷三十七年《汾州府志》平遙卷）
“萬暦(li)三十四(si)年春正月，平遙雨雹。”（乾隆(long)三十六年《汾(fen)州府志》平遙卷）
四(si)十一(yi)年（1613）春三月，平遙大水(shui)。“大水(shui)漂沒田苗(miao)、房屋極多，溺死者(zhe)甚眾。”（康熙46年《平遙縣志(zhi)》）
四十七年（1619），大(da)水漂沒麥田、房(fang)屋(wu)甚多。（康熙四十六年《平遙縣志》）
崇禎十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)（1642），介(jie)休(xiu)、平(ping)遙(yao)水(shui)。（乾隆三(san)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)《汾州(zhou)府志》平(ping)遙(yao)卷(juan)）“崇禎十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)五月(yue)至九(jiu)月(yue)大水(shui)。米一斗四(si)(si)錢，麥一斗三(san)錢”（康熙四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)《平(ping)遙(yao)縣志》）
順(shun)治(zhi)九(jiu)年（1652），平遙水。（乾隆三十六年《汾州府志》平遙卷(juan)）
“順治九年(nian)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)，大水泛(fan)濫，沿河禾稼(jia)淹沒殆(dai)盡(jin)”（康熙四(si)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)《平遙縣志》）
康(kang)熙(xi)三十(shi)二年（1693）二月十(shi)七日(ri)午時，有(you)云一片，其色不一，旋有(you)大水淹民，房屋多壞。（康(kang)熙(xi)四十(shi)六年《平(ping)遙縣志》）
四(si)十二年（1703），仁莊(zhuang)諸村水災，民困甚。縣令王綬履畝踏勘，錢糧俱為緩征。至于羨耗，一概全(quan)免，任民隨便(bian)輸(shu)納。仍于被害之家，借給谷石(shi)，牛種籽(zi)粒，民始有起色。（康熙四(si)十六年《平(ping)遙(yao)縣志》）
雍(yong)正五年（1727），河浸(jin)三(san)里。
乾(qian)隆(long)二十(shi)三年(nian)（1758）六月(yue)初十(shi)日(ri)酉時，雨雹大(da)如拳或(huo)如卵約有尺馀。
二十(shi)五年（1761）正月至元(yuan)旦日，月合(he)壁(bi)秋(qiu)，石家坡山(shan)移數丈。
二十六年（1762）六月，汾(fen)水西堰(yan)決。沿河一帶村民多(duo)受水害。
三十二年（1767）七月(yue)，汾水(shui)(shui)大漲，官地村水(shui)(shui)深丈馀(yu)，男女凄身無所。宋(song)杰、宋(song)瑯兄弟作筏(fa)拯救(jiu)月(yue)馀(yu)，水(shui)(shui)退方各歸。縣令德貴每間房給銀五錢賑(zhen)之。
三十(shi)三年（1768）八月二(er)十(shi)日雨雹大如(ru)鵝卵。
咸豐四年（1854）七月，大雨(yu)七日。
同(tong)治元年（1862）二(er)月初三日(ri)，暈旁有珥。七(qi)月十五日(ri)，黃昏後，流星(xing)如雨向西南幾，二(er)更止。是秋，汾水(shui)大發(fa)東北鄉，禾稼淹壞(huai)，房屋(wu)倒(dao)塌(ta)，長壽尤甚。
四年(nian)（1866）七(qi)月(yue)，東北(bei)鄉大水，長壽鎮尤甚，壞民居二千有馀(yu)。
五(wu)年（1867）七(qi)月十四至十八日，晝夜大(da)雨，惠濟橋(qiao)堤(di)決。北(bei)門外大(da)水。
十年（1871）八月，西北(bei)鄉大水。
光(guang)緒(xu)五年(nian)（1879）八(ba)月，惠濟橋堤決(jue)，水盡(jin)奔東小官(guan)道，北門外水深數尺(chi)，房屋湮沒殆盡(jin)，幸城濠橋高(gao)，捍衛城垣，不(bu)至(zhi)損壞。（光(guang)緒(xu)八(ba)年(nian)《平遙縣志》）
庚子·金秋·於平遙涵瓦齋(zhai)
特別鳴謝：
平遙(yao)古城專家委員會專家郝新喜先(xian)生擔任本欄目(mu)文化顧(gu)問
參考文獻：
明·萬歷(li)版(ban)·崇禎增刻《平(ping)遙(yao)縣(xian)志》
明(ming)·萬歷三十七(qi)年《汾州府(fu)志》·平(ping)遙(yao)卷 三晉(jin)出版社
清·乾隆三十六年《汾州府志》·平(ping)遙卷 三晉(jin)出(chu)版(ban)社
清·康熙四(si)十六(liu)年《平遙縣志(zhi)》 王夷典/錄疏 山西經濟(ji)出版社
清·光(guang)緒八年《平遙縣志》
作者簡介：
鄧曉華，字(zi)·卣言，言容堂主人(ren)，涵(han)瓦齋主人(ren)，1972年(nian)生人(ren)，自幼受家風熏陶，熱衷傳(chuan)統文化(hua)，畢業于山(shan)西(xi)(xi)財經大學(xue)(xue)，獲管理學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)士學(xue)(xue)位(wei)，工藝美(mei)術師，中(zhong)共黨員(yuan)，傳(chuan)統文化(hua)學(xue)(xue)者，手工藝人(ren)，晉(jin)中(zhong)市級非遺《平(ping)遙木版年(nian)畫制作技藝》代表性傳(chuan)承人(ren)，晉(jin)中(zhong)市社(she)科聯研究(jiu)員(yuan)，山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省新聯會成員(yuan)，山(shan)西(xi)(xi)經濟出版社(she)特邀(yao)編輯，平(ping)遙“金井(jing)文社(she)”社(she)員(yuan)。平(ping)遙古城特別貢獻(xian)獎(jiang)獲得者。
山西省文(wen)化(hua)廳“陽光(guang)工程”農村文(wen)化(hua)志(zhi)(zhi)愿者，平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)縣(xian)文(wen)化(hua)局“鄉村記(ji)憶工程”文(wen)化(hua)調研員；平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)縣(xian)規劃局“平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)古城歷史建筑(zhu)普(pu)查”人文(wen)調研員；合作(zuo)出版有《鄧曉華平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)瓦當輯(ji)錄》一書；參與了《平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)史輯(ji)》一書的普(pu)調工作(zuo)；承擔了山西省三晉文(wen)化(hua)研究會的《平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)古城商業街(jie)及重點(dian)民(min)居(ju)的調查報告》的普(pu)調工作(zuo)，錄疏(shu)了明·萬歷版《平(ping)遙(yao)(yao)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》。
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