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水果遇上古詩詞,蘇軾喊你吃荔枝

詩詞雅言 2023-11-02 17:48:04


發言(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)詩(shi),情動于中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)形(xing)于言(yan)(yan),言(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)心聲(sheng)。蘇(su)東坡因烏臺詩(shi)案被(bei)貶(bian),他在(zai)黃(huang)州(zhou)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與美(mei)食中(zhong)(zhong)獲(huo)得(de)救(jiu)贖,寫下(xia)“兩賦一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)詞(ci)”千(qian)(qian)古(gu)佳作(zuo)(zuo),也寫下(xia)了(le)(le)《豬肉頌》、“長(chang)江繞郭知(zhi)(zhi)魚美(mei),好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)竹(zhu)(zhu)連山(shan)(shan)覺筍(sun)香。”等(deng)詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)美(mei)味(wei)(wei)。那(nei)(nei)么當(dang)(dang)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)遇上水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo),又有(you)(you)會有(you)(you)怎樣(yang)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)妙(miao)詩(shi)詞(ci)呢(ni)?【01】櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)《野人(ren)(ren)(ren)贈(zeng)朱(zhu)櫻(ying)》杜甫(fu)西(xi)蜀櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)也自(zi)紅(hong)(hong),野人(ren)(ren)(ren)相(xiang)贈(zeng)滿筠(yun)籠。數回(hui)細寫愁(chou)(chou)仍破(po),萬(wan)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)勻圓訝(ya)許同(tong)。憶昨賜(si)(si)沾(zhan)門(men)(men)下(xia)省(sheng),退(tui)(tui)朝(chao)擎出大(da)明宮(gong)(gong)。金盤玉(yu)(yu)(yu)箸無(wu)(wu)消息,此(ci)日(ri)(ri)(ri)嘗(chang)新(xin)任轉蓬。《一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)剪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)·舟過(guo)吳(wu)江》蔣(jiang)捷一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)春(chun)愁(chou)(chou)待酒澆(jiao)。江上舟搖(yao),樓上簾招。秋(qiu)娘(niang)渡(du)與泰娘(niang)橋,風又飄飄,雨又蕭(xiao)蕭(xiao)。何(he)日(ri)(ri)(ri)歸家(jia)(jia)洗客(ke)(ke)袍?銀(yin)字笙調(diao),心字香燒。流(liu)光容(rong)易把人(ren)(ren)(ren)拋(pao),紅(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),綠(lv)了(le)(le)芭蕉。【注】朱(zhu)櫻(ying):紅(hong)(hong)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)。蔣(jiang)捷那(nei)(nei)句“紅(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),綠(lv)了(le)(le)芭蕉”道盡(jin)(jin)時(shi)光易逝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲。杜甫(fu)借(jie)詠(yong)櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)憶往昔,果(guo)真是(shi)世間好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)物不(bu)(bu)堅(jian)牢,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切美(mei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)都(dou)有(you)(you)期限,時(shi)值初夏(xia)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)時(shi)節,不(bu)(bu)能錯過(guo)的(de)(de)何(he)止櫻(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)?【02】楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)《詠(yong)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)》徐階折來(lai)(lai)(lai)鶴頂(ding)紅(hong)(hong)猶(you)(you)濕,剜破(po)龍(long)睛血未(wei)干;若使(shi)(shi)太真知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)味(wei)(wei),荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)得(de)到長(chang)安(an)?《楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)》平可(ke)(ke)(ke)正五月楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)已滿林(lin),初疑一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)值千(qian)(qian)金。味(wei)(wei)比河朔葡萄重,色比瀘南荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)深。楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)可(ke)(ke)(ke)值千(qian)(qian)金,古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)果(guo)然灑(sa)脫(tuo)至極,“千(qian)(qian)金散盡(jin)(jin)還(huan)復(fu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)”,得(de)嘗(chang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei)又何(he)妨?畢竟如果(guo)楊(yang)(yang)貴(gui)妃知(zhi)(zhi)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)此(ci)味(wei)(wei),荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)要“失寵”了(le)(le)。【03】 西(xi)瓜(gua)《西(xi)瓜(gua)園》范成大(da)碧(bi)蔓(man)凌霜(shuang)臥軟沙,年來(lai)(lai)(lai)處處食西(xi)瓜(gua)。形(xing)模濩落淡如水(shui)(shui)(shui),未(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)蒲萄苜蓿夸(kua)。《西(xi)瓜(gua)》顧(gu)逢多處淮鄉得(de),天(tian)然碧(bi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)團(tuan)。破(po)來(lai)(lai)(lai)肌體(ti)瑩(ying),嚼(jiao)處齒牙(ya)寒。清敵炎(yan)威退(tui)(tui),涼生酒量寬。東門(men)(men)無(wu)(wu)此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong),雪(xue)片(pian)(pian)簇(cu)冰盤。炎(yan)炎(yan)夏(xia)日(ri)(ri)(ri),西(xi)瓜(gua)“碧(bi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)團(tuan)”是(shi)團(tuan)寵沒錯了(le)(le),古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也無(wu)(wu)法(fa)拒絕(jue)(jue)!【04】 荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)《惠州(zhou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)絕(jue)(jue)》蘇(su)軾羅(luo)(luo)浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)下(xia)四時(shi)春(chun),盧橘(ju)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)次第(di)(di)新(xin)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)啖荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)三百顆(ke)(ke)(ke),不(bu)(bu)辭長(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)嶺南人(ren)(ren)(ren)。《過(guo)華清宮(gong)(gong)絕(jue)(jue)句(其一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))》杜牧長(chang)安(an)回(hui)望繡成堆,山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)千(qian)(qian)門(men)(men)次第(di)(di)開。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)騎紅(hong)(hong)塵(chen)妃子(zi)(zi)(zi)笑(xiao),無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)。千(qian)(qian)百年來(lai)(lai)(lai),有(you)(you)楊(yang)(yang)貴(gui)妃和蘇(su)軾的(de)(de)代言(yan)(yan),荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)界頂(ding)流(liu)沒跑了(le)(le)!【05】枇(pi)杷(pa)《枇(pi)杷(pa)》方岳擊碎珊瑚小作(zuo)(zuo)珠,鑄成金彈蜜相(xiang)扶。羅(luo)(luo)襦襟解(jie)春(chun)蔥手,風露(lu)氣(qi)涼冰玉(yu)(yu)(yu)膚(fu)。并(bing)世身名(ming)揚(yang)氏子(zi)(zi)(zi),舊家(jia)(jia)門(men)(men)戶北村盧。知(zhi)(zhi)音未(wei)必能知(zhi)(zhi)味(wei)(wei),曾(ceng)遣青前(qian)(qian)淚濕無(wu)(wu)。《賜(si)(si)鮮枇(pi)杷(pa)》于慎(shen)行嘉(jia)名(ming)漢苑舊標奇(qi),北客(ke)(ke)由來(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)。綠(lv)萼經春(chun)開籠日(ri)(ri)(ri),黃(huang)金滿樹(shu)入筐(kuang)時(shi)。江南漫道珍盧橘(ju),西(xi)蜀休(xiu)稱薦(jian)荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)。千(qian)(qian)里(li)梯航來(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)易,懷(huai)將余(yu)核志恩私。可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)和荔(li)(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)媲美(mei)的(de)(de)枇(pi)杷(pa),你能知(zhi)(zhi)其味(wei)(wei)嗎?還(huan)不(bu)(bu)嘗(chang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)嘗(chang)!【06】 木瓜(gua)《木瓜(gua)》佚名(ming)投我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)木瓜(gua),報(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)瓊(qiong)琚。匪(fei)報(bao)(bao)也,永(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)也!投我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)木桃(tao)(tao)(tao),報(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)瓊(qiong)瑤(yao)。匪(fei)報(bao)(bao)也,永(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)也!投我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)木李,報(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)瓊(qiong)玖。匪(fei)報(bao)(bao)也,永(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)也!《敘懷(huai)二首其二》張九齡晚(wan)節從卑秩,岐路良非一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。既聞(wen)持兩端,復(fu)見(jian)挾(xie)三術(shu)。木瓜(gua)誠(cheng)有(you)(you)報(bao)(bao),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)楮論無(wu)(wu)實。已矣(yi)直(zhi)躬者(zhe),平生壯(zhuang)圖失。木瓜(gua)有(you)(you)報(bao)(bao),情義(yi)無(wu)(wu)價,木瓜(gua)相(xiang)贈(zeng)便是(shi)“永(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)也”的(de)(de)默契約定(ding)。【07】梅(mei)(mei)(mei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)《閑居(ju)初夏(xia)午(wu)睡起(qi)》楊(yang)(yang)萬(wan)里(li)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)留酸軟齒牙(ya),芭蕉分綠(lv)與窗紗。日(ri)(ri)(ri)長(chang)睡起(qi)無(wu)(wu)情思(si),閑看兒童(tong)捉柳花。《四時(shi)田園雜興》范成大(da)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)金黃(huang)杏子(zi)(zi)(zi)肥,麥花雪(xue)白菜花稀。日(ri)(ri)(ri)長(chang)籬落無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)過(guo),惟有(you)(you)蜻蜓蛺蝶飛。詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)現(xian)身說法(fa),梅(mei)(mei)(mei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)雖好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)要貪多!【08】棗(zao)《棗(zao)賦》傅玄離離朱(zhu)實,脆若離雪(xue),甘如含(han)蜜,脆者(zhe)宜(yi)新(xin),當(dang)(dang)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍,堅(jian)者(zhe)宜(yi)干。《棗(zao)》王(wang)安(an)石(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)昔所(suo)(suo)傳(chuan),種(zhong)(zhong)棗(zao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)欲。在(zai)實為(wei)(wei)(wei)美(mei)果(guo),論才又良木。余(yu)甘人(ren)(ren)(ren)鄰(lin)家(jia)(jia),尚得(de)饞婦逐。況余(yu)秋(qiu)盤中(zhong)(zhong),快啖取饜足(zu)。風包(bao)墮朱(zhu)繒(zeng),日(ri)(ri)(ri)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)皺紅(hong)(hong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)。棗(zao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)補血、降(jiang)壓、增強人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)免(mian)疫力,棗(zao)里(li)還(huan)含(han)有(you)(you)大(da)量的(de)(de)維生素、多種(zhong)(zhong)微量元(yuan)素,不(bu)(bu)愧有(you)(you)“當(dang)(dang)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珍”的(de)(de)美(mei)譽(yu)。【09】梨《原上新(xin)居(ju)》姚合秋(qiu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)梨果(guo)熟,行哭(ku)小兒饑。鄰(lin)富雞長(chang)往,莊貧客(ke)(ke)漸稀。借(jie)牛(niu)耕地晚(wan),賣樹(shu)納錢遲。墻下(xia)當(dang)(dang)官道,依前(qian)(qian)夾竹(zhu)(zhu)籬。《送常州(zhou)陳商(shang)學士》宋(song)祁(qi)紅(hong)(hong)梨秋(qiu)老石(shi)(shi)(shi)渠霜(shuang),并(bing)欲蕭(xiao)蕭(xiao)伴(ban)祖觴。臺上補綾(ling)收柘枕(zhen),水(shui)(shui)(shui)邊古(gu)獸得(de)鞶囊。浮(fu)云并(bing)蓋辭京輦(nian),曉月將潮促使(shi)(shi)艎。緣(yuan)飾有(you)(you)文(wen)成政速,剩(sheng)儲靈氣(qi)茹芝(zhi)房。秋(qiu)梨饞哭(ku)隔壁小朋友(you),那(nei)(nei)說好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)了(le)(le),秋(qiu)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)吃秋(qiu)梨,不(bu)(bu)許哭(ku)。【10】橘(ju)《贈(zeng)劉(liu)景文(wen)》蘇(su)軾荷盡(jin)(jin)已無(wu)(wu)擎雨蓋,菊殘猶(you)(you)有(you)(you)傲霜(shuang)枝(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)景君(jun)須記(ji),正是(shi)橙(cheng)黃(huang)橘(ju)綠(lv)時(shi)。《南中(zhong)(zhong)榮橘(ju)柚》柳宗(zong)元(yuan)橘(ju)柚懷(huai)貞質,受命此(ci)炎(yan)方。密(mi)林(lin)耀(yao)朱(zhu)綠(lv),晚(wan)歲有(you)(you)馀芳。殊(shu)風限清漢,飛雪(xue)滯故鄉。攀(pan)條何(he)所(suo)(suo)嘆,北望熊與湘。唐宋(song)八大(da)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二對橘(ju)子(zi)(zi)(zi)情有(you)(you)獨鐘,詩(shi)文(wen)和橘(ju)子(zi)(zi)(zi)很搭呀!【11】桃(tao)(tao)(tao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)《偕(xie)仲退(tui)(tui)周南翁(weng)(weng)登曲島山(shan)(shan)分韻得(de)曲字(節選}》黎廷瑞(rui)會當(dang)(dang)擺落悠(you)(you)悠(you)(you)談(tan),八極神游縱吾目。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)井蓮(lian)花十丈開,瑤(yao)池桃(tao)(tao)(tao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)千(qian)(qian)年熟。《庭前(qian)(qian)晚(wan)花開》李白西(xi)王(wang)母(mu)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)我(wo)家(jia)(jia),三千(qian)(qian)陽(yang)春(chun)始一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)花。結實苦遲為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)笑(xiao),攀(pan)折唧唧長(chang)咨嗟(jie)。果(guo)然李白是(shi)仙人(ren)(ren)(ren),賀(he)知(zhi)(zhi)章看透(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切,他可(ke)(ke)(ke)能吃過(guo)詩(shi)仙家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。【12】石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)《石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)歌》皮(pi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)休(xiu)蟬(chan)噪秋(qiu)枝(zhi)(zhi)槐葉黃(huang),石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)香老愁(chou)(chou)寒霜(shuang)。流(liu)霞(xia)包(bao)染紫鸚粟,黃(huang)蠟紙裹紅(hong)(hong)瓠房。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)刻(ke)冰壺含(han)露(lu)濕,斕斑(ban)似帶湘娥泣(qi)。蕭(xiao)娘(niang)初嫁嗜甘酸,嚼(jiao)破(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)精千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)粒(li)。《山(shan)(shan)村》戴復(fu)古(gu)山(shan)(shan)崦誰家(jia)(jia)綠(lv)樹(shu)中(zhong)(zhong),短(duan)墻半(ban)露(lu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)紅(hong)(hong)。蕭(xiao)然門(men)(men)巷無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)到,三兩孫隨白發翁(weng)(weng)。萬(wan)綠(lv)叢中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抹石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)紅(hong)(hong),輕輕剝開,石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)籽顆(ke)(ke)(ke)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)晶瑩(ying)剔透(tou)“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)刻(ke)冰壺含(han)露(lu)濕”,見(jian)字如畫,代言(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們認第(di)(di)二沒人(ren)(ren)(ren)敢稱第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。這些色香味(wei)(wei)俱全古(gu)詩(shi)詞(ci)記(ji)住了(le)(le)嗎?

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