古人(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)弈(yi),或對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)坐于(yu)幽篁松林間,或泛舟(zhou)于(yu)碧波之上(shang)(shang),棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)聲清美,道(dao)(dao)盡衷腸(chang),勝(sheng)負彈指(zhi)間,輸(shu)贏付欣(xin)然(ran)。棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)覓知(zhi)己,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)慰歲月,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)人(ren)生(sheng)。圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)古時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)“弈(yi)”,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古代(dai)“琴棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)書畫(hua)”之“棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。傳說(shuo)圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)堯所(suo)造,晉(jin)朝人(ren)張華在(zai)(zai)(zai)他寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《博(bo)物志》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo):“堯造圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以教子(zi)丹朱。”按照這(zhe)種說(shuo)法(fa),制造圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)開發(fa)智慧,啟迪(di)心性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。“圓奩象天(tian),方(fang)(fang)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)法(fa)地”,《圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)賦》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)曾形象地用(yong)“天(tian)圓地方(fang)(fang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想來(lai)比(bi)喻圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盤(pan)與(yu)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)。漢(han)代(dai)史學家(jia)班固亦在(zai)(zai)(zai)《弈(yi)旨》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫道(dao)(dao)“局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)必方(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng),象地則也。道(dao)(dao)必正(zheng)(zheng)直,神(shen)明(ming)德也。棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有白(bai)黑(hei),陰陽(yang)分也。”規整勻(yun)稱(cheng)、局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)方(fang)(fang)道(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盤(pan),黑(hei)白(bai)分明(ming)、相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi),代(dai)表著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)處世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)德準(zhun)則。唐朝東都(dou)留守(shou)(shou)呂元膺,因看(kan)見(jian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)弈(yi)門(men)客(ke)趁他提(ti)(ti)筆準(zhun)備批(pi)復公文(wen)之際(ji)迅速偷換(huan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)子(zi),第二天(tian),便請(qing)走了(le)(le)這(zhe)位門(men)客(ke)。臨(lin)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)依(yi)然(ran)以禮相(xiang)待(dai)。數十年后,呂元膺臨(lin)終前回憶起此事(shi)說(shuo):“偷換(huan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)子(zi),我倒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)介(jie)意,但由此可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)此人(ren)心跡卑下(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)深(shen)交。”清代(dai)汪懋麟《就(jiu)斯詹事(shi)引疾(ji)乞(qi)歸(gui)》詩言:“世事(shi)渾如百(bai)折灘,紛紛棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)肯休官。”弈(yi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開,楚(chu)河漢(han)界、東西南北,雙方(fang)(fang)笑看(kan)乾坤扭轉,靜觀風云(yun)變(bian)幻,有人(ren)落子(zi)如飛,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)“金戈鐵(tie)馬賀戰勛”,有人(ren)舉(ju)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定,作(zuo)“苦(ku)道(dao)(dao)衷腸(chang)嘆垂(chui)成”。紛紜莫測,霧里看(kan)花(hua)(hua),棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)既(ji)能(neng)享受(shou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)弈(yi)時(shi)(shi)柳暗花(hua)(hua)明(ming)、絕處逢生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跌(die)宕起伏,又能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)回顧(gu)廝殺時(shi)(shi)以“旁觀者清”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姿態,冷靜、客(ke)觀、全(quan)面地領悟其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通達奧妙(miao)。行(xing)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使人(ren)專注。東晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)流祖(zu)(zu)訥(ne)稱(cheng)圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)“忘憂”。祖(zu)(zu)訥(ne)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)就(jiu)是(shi)歷史上(shang)(shang)有名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聞雞起舞、擊楫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壯士祖(zu)(zu)逖。祖(zu)(zu)逖素有大志,無(wu)(wu)(wu)奈時(shi)(shi)運不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)濟(ji),在(zai)(zai)(zai)北伐(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因孤立無(wu)(wu)(wu)援(yuan)而告失敗。祖(zu)(zu)訥(ne)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失敗感到(dao)十分痛(tong)心,終日弈(yi)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。朋友王隱勸(quan)他要(yao)珍(zhen)惜光陰,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)把時(shi)(shi)間全(quan)部(bu)花(hua)(hua)費在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang),祖(zu)(zu)訥(ne)回答說(shuo),“我亦忘憂耳”。觀棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)弈(yi)讓人(ren)思考(kao)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),忘記了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切煩惱(nao)和憂愁,令人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到(dao)富足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)享受(shou)。落子(zi)貴在(zai)(zai)(zai)靜心。熟悉(xi)《三國(guo)演(yan)義》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)都(dou)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)關(guan)羽(yu)刮骨(gu)療(liao)毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故事(shi)。據說(shuo)三國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期,蜀國(guo)大將關(guan)羽(yu)酷愛與(yu)人(ren)下(xia)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)他被毒(du)箭射(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)右(you)臂,毒(du)已滲入(ru)骨(gu)頭,名(ming)醫華佗特用(yong)尖刀切開肉皮,刮骨(gu)療(liao)毒(du),在(zai)(zai)(zai)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)都(dou)嚇(xia)得(de)捂眼。再看(kan)關(guan)羽(yu),飲酒食肉,談(tan)笑弈(yi)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),若無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)事(shi)。有詩云(yun):棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)大師今幾許,神(shen)威終古是(shi)云(yun)長。圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之道(dao)(dao),便是(shi)讓心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動(dong)于(yu)微利之誘,目不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眩(xuan)于(yu)五色(se)之惑,面對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui) “謎局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”“危局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”“殘局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”“破局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,務必有無(wu)(wu)(wu)懼(ju)輸(shu)贏、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)驚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豁然(ran)胸襟,以“內無(wu)(wu)(wu)妄思,外無(wu)(wu)(wu)妄動(dong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜篤,以“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以物喜,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以己悲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定力泰然(ran)待(dai)之。圍(wei)(wei)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有個術語“本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、妙(miao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、俗(su)(su)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)”。本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)是(shi)指(zhi)合乎棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)規下(xia)法(fa);妙(miao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)是(shi)指(zhi)出(chu)人(ren)意料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)妙(miao)下(xia)法(fa);俗(su)(su)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)是(shi)指(zhi)貌似(si)合理(li),而從全(quan)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)看(kan)通常會受(shou)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)法(fa)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)初(chu)學者熱衷于(yu)追求妙(miao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),而忽視更為(wei)(wei)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)是(shi)基礎,妙(miao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)是(shi)創(chuang)造。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo),只有對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)理(li)解深(shen)刻(ke),才(cai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現妙(miao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),否則,難免下(xia)出(chu)俗(su)(su)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),適得(de)其(qi)反(fan)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)論是(shi)弈(yi)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),還是(shi)謀篇布局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、推進工作(zuo),都(dou)應該(gai)從本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)開始,本手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功夫扎(zha)實了(le)(le),棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)力才(cai)會提(ti)(ti)高。棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)如人(ren)生(sheng),是(shi)修煉心性、端正(zheng)(zheng)品格、拓(tuo)展格局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功夫。在(zai)(zai)(zai)落子(zi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)悔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棋(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),既(ji)要(yao)有熱忱與(yu)謀略,又要(yao)守(shou)(shou)好底線,看(kan)淡方(fang)(fang)寸得(de)失,任何時(shi)(shi)候依(yi)然(ran)保(bao)持一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)份清醒(xing)和敬畏,分清是(shi)非(fei)黑(hei)白(bai)、堅守(shou)(shou)人(ren)間正(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)。◎本文(wen)原載于(yu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)紀檢監察(cha)報》,圖源(yuan)網絡,圖文(wen)版權歸(gui)原作(zuo)者所(suo)有,如有侵(qin)權,請(qing)聯(lian)系刪除。
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