現(xian)代社會(hui)雖然發達，可(ke)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)忙(mang)(mang)碌(liu)程(cheng)度并(bing)沒有(you)(you)降低。許(xu)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)覺得自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)腦力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)應(ying)付面對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。一(yi)旦有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)適(shi)下(xia)來(lai)，卻又放松了自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，其實忙(mang)(mang)里偷(tou)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)，鬧中(zhong)(zhong)取靜(jing)(jing)，正是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)備無患的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候。《菜根譚》中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)言：“閑(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)放過(guo)(guo)，忙(mang)(mang)處(chu)有(you)(you)受用(yong)(yong)；靜(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)空，動(dong)(dong)處(chu)有(you)(you)受用(yong)(yong)；暗(an)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)(qi)隱(yin)，明處(chu)有(you)(you)受用(yong)(yong)。”在(zai)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靜(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)仍能(neng)(neng)努力精進(jin)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)補充腦力，為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)增(zeng)值(zhi)。01閑(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)放過(guo)(guo)，忙(mang)(mang)處(chu)有(you)(you)受用(yong)(yong)“閑(xian)(xian)(xian)”是(shi)(shi)“忙(mang)(mang)”之(zhi)余(yu)，閑(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)做(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)事(shi)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)事(shi)。在(zai)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使身(shen)心完(wan)全(quan)懈(xie)怠，做(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)些(xie)輕(qing)松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)事(shi)，在(zai)忙(mang)(mang)碌(liu)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)意想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驚喜。東(dong)晉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，名將(jiang)陶(tao)侃主政荊州。他(ta)視察戰船制造進(jin)展期(qi)間(jian)，發現(xian)地上(shang)到(dao)處(chu)扔著木屑和竹頭。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)吩咐手下(xia)將(jiang)殘余(yu)用(yong)(yong)料收(shou)起(qi)來(lai)，以(yi)(yi)備不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)需。后來(lai)新(xin)年(nian)期(qi)間(jian)，荊州大雪，除雪后地面濕滑。陶(tao)侃吩咐將(jiang)舊年(nian)收(shou)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木屑拿出來(lai)，灑在(zai)路上(shang)，一(yi)下(xia)子就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)解決(jue)了官員出入困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。陶(tao)侃死(si)后，大將(jiang)桓溫征戰四川，但發現(xian)裝戰船用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹釘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)起(qi)了陶(tao)侃儲(chu)存下(xia)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹頭，原本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“廢物”終于(yu)(yu)派上(shang)了用(yong)(yong)場。人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)忙(mang)(mang)碌(liu)起(qi)來(lai)，暈頭轉向(xiang)。閑(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)放過(guo)(guo)，為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要抵御忙(mang)(mang)碌(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)張(zhang)抓(zhua)狂。02靜(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)空，動(dong)(dong)處(chu)有(you)(you)受用(yong)(yong)“靜(jing)(jing)”是(shi)(shi)心理(li)上(shang)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)適(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然，在(zai)安靜(jing)(jing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)度放空自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)調整(zheng)情緒；但是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)耽于(yu)(yu)空想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)無益之(zhi)事(shi)，應(ying)學會(hui)馳騁想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)象力，到(dao)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果斷執行(xing)(xing)。齊白(bai)石不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)藝術精湛(zhan)，而(er)(er)且以(yi)(yi)長壽(shou)著稱。他(ta)總結自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)畫之(zhi)道、長壽(shou)秘訣(jue)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耽于(yu)(yu)空想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。他(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)述每(mei)天(tian)都必須要學習，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了讓自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)夠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷地思考(kao)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。他(ta)寧愿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動(dong)(dong)腦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)費神也(ye)(ye)絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空思，長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)訓練(lian)后就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)下(xia)筆有(you)(you)神。俗語說一(yi)動(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)一(yi)靜(jing)(jing)。而(er)(er)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)得到(dao)多大效益，取決(jue)于(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)理(li)出多少頭緒。03暗(an)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)(qi)隱(yin)，明處(chu)有(you)(you)受用(yong)(yong)“暗(an)”指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獨(du)(du)(du)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候。在(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獨(du)(du)(du)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要做(zuo)(zuo)虧(kui)心事(shi)，注意反省(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺失和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足。晚清(qing)重臣(chen)曾國藩修身(shen)四法中(zhong)(zhong)，“慎(shen)獨(du)(du)(du)”排(pai)在(zai)第(di)一(yi)位。他(ta)在(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)記中(zhong)(zhong)說：“慎(shen)獨(du)(du)(du)則心安。自(zi)(zi)(zi)修之(zhi)道，莫難(nan)于(yu)(yu)養心。”慎(shen)獨(du)(du)(du)最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)(qi)騙自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心。他(ta)每(mei)日(ri)記日(ri)記，記述自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷，促(cu)進(jin)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)道德(de)日(ri)進(jin)，學問(wen)(wen)日(ri)增(zeng)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)后世(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都知道他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功業(ye)：千古第(di)一(yi)完(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。慎(shen)獨(du)(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)微細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)飲水，冷暖自(zi)(zi)(zi)知。謹慎(shen)對(dui)(dui)待自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內部(bu)世(shi)(shi)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)輕(qing)易違反自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底線。三軍未動(dong)(dong)，糧(liang)草先行(xing)(xing)，行(xing)(xing)事(shi)都要未雨綢(chou)繆。平(ping)心而(er)(er)論，人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)“閑(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)”“靜(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)”和“暗(an)中(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，實際上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)比在(zai)“忙(mang)(mang)中(zhong)(zhong)”“動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)”和“明中(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)要少。因(yin)此(ci)，為(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)積蓄、做(zuo)(zuo)準(zhun)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)有(you)(you)很(hen)多。而(er)(er)許(xu)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)認為(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沒有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)客(ke)觀環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)心態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。

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