“定(ding)其交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)后求(qiu)”,我(wo)(wo)們(men)在社會上交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you),人(ren)與人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間要(yao)(yao)“定(ding)其交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”,要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)情(qing)。記得我(wo)(wo)們(men)年(nian)輕時把朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)分(fen)類,一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般有(you)(you)(you)朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you),見面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you);一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)治上的朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)利害關(guan)系的朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you),除了利害關(guan)系,政(zheng)(zheng)治上沒有(you)(you)(you)朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you);另有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟上的朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you),所謂通財之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誼,能做到通財之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誼就很難(nan)了;最難(nan)得的是(shi)(shi)(shi)道義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),那是(shi)(shi)(shi)更難(nan)了。我(wo)(wo)們(men)一(yi)生能不能交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)沒有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)點利害關(guan)系的朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大問題,包(bao)括了政(zheng)(zheng)治、經(jing)濟、普通等等一(yi)切的朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)在內,能夠全始全終的有(you)(you)(you)幾個(ge)(ge)?如果有(you)(you)(you),這個(ge)(ge)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以相交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)。朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)的交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)情(qing)能夠“定(ding)其交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”,才可對(dui)他有(you)(you)(you)所要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
譬如(ru)(ru)我(wo)(wo)們前面講過(guo)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)之交(jiao)(jiao),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子開始跟鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)做(zuo)(zuo)生意,結(jie)帳的(de)時(shi)(shi)候,鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)也不(bu)(bu)問(wen)賺了(le)(le)(le)多少,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)就(jiu)自己裝了(le)(le)(le)起(qi)來(lai)。人(ren)家告(gao)訴(su)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)太(tai)不(bu)(bu)夠意思,兩個人(ren)做(zuo)(zuo)生意賺了(le)(le)(le)一千萬(wan),才給你(ni)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)一百(bai)萬(wan)!鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)不(bu)(bu)但不(bu)(bu)以(yi)為意,還說(shuo):“他(ta)(ta)(ta)因為窮(qiong)!他(ta)(ta)(ta)需要(yao)(yao)錢(qian),我(wo)(wo)不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)。”這(zhe)(zhe)多么難?管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)那(nei)個做(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)是亂來(lai)的(de),拿了(le)(le)(le)就(jiu)拿了(le)(le)(le),用了(le)(le)(le)就(jiu)用了(le)(le)(le),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)的(de)心(xin)情鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)。最后(hou)(hou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)要(yao)(yao)死(si)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候,齊桓(huan)公對他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo):你(ni)死(si)了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)后(hou)(hou),我(wo)(wo)想把這(zhe)(zhe)個宰(zai)相交(jiao)(jiao)給鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)來(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)如(ru)(ru)何(he)?管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)說(shuo):千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)可交(jiao)(jiao)給鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya),他(ta)(ta)(ta)絕不(bu)(bu)能當(dang)宰(zai)相。他(ta)(ta)(ta)就(jiu)這(zhe)(zhe)么愛護鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya),也只有(you)(you)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)懂得(de),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)接(jie)位,是為了(le)(le)(le)顧全齊桓(huan)公,也為了(le)(le)(le)顧全鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)。這(zhe)(zhe)種胸懷多好,多高超,也只有(you)(you)知已(yi)才懂。如(ru)(ru)果像現在的(de)人(ren),你(ni)不(bu)(bu)做(zuo)(zuo)國防(fang)部(bu)長,應該交(jiao)(jiao)給我(wo)(wo),卻交(jiao)(jiao)給別人(ren),那(nei)還夠朋友(you)嗎(ma)!當(dang)年(nian)你(ni)當(dang)部(bu)長還是我(wo)(wo)建議的(de),要(yao)(yao)我(wo)(wo)當(dang)部(bu)長你(ni)卻還要(yao)(yao)反對!不(bu)(bu)罵你(ni)祖宗八代才怪!所(suo)以(yi)只有(you)(you)知已(yi)才能愛人(ren)以(yi)德。過(guo)去我(wo)(wo)們念(nian)到“定其交(jiao)(jiao)而后(hou)(hou)求”,很滑頭地加了(le)(le)(le)一個小批說(shuo):“有(you)(you)酒(jiu)有(you)(you)肉皆朋友(you),患(huan)難何(he)曾(ceng)(ceng)見一人(ren)!真有(you)(you)患(huan)難的(de)時(shi)(shi)候,何(he)曾(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)一人(ren)來(lai)幫(bang)助你(ni)啊(a)!
“君子修(xiu)此三者,故全(quan)(quan)也!”這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)道,修(xiu)正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)的(de)行為,人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)的(de)大道,能夠修(xiu)正(zheng)這(zhe)三個(ge)要點,自己(ji)才能夠“全(quan)(quan)”。人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)境界(jie)常有(you)求全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)毀(hui),誰也不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)完人(ren)(ren),每一個(ge)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)有(you)缺點被人(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia)挑剔。攻(gong)擊人(ren)(ren)批評人(ren)(ren)的(de)文章(zhang),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)毀(hui)。誹(fei)謗(bang)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia)容易,要求人(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren),自己(ji)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混蛋。寫文章(zhang)的(de)人(ren)(ren)當然絕不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren),可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他要求人(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)。所(suo)以我(wo)們人(ren)(ren)隨時(shi)都(dou)有(you)求全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)毀(hui)。不虞(yu)之(zhi)譽呢?有(you)時(shi)候(hou)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia)恭維(wei)我(wo)們,我(wo)們自己(ji)還(huan)沒有(you)想(xiang)到有(you)這(zhe)個(ge)長(chang)處,甚(shen)至被人(ren)(ren)過度地恭維(wei)了,會使自己(ji)得意忘形。恭維(wei)來了,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不虞(yu)之(zhi)譽。所(suo)以我(wo)說(shuo)孟子到底還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)。
懂得了求(qiu)全之毀,人(ren)生才(cai)能求(qiu)全,人(ren)生才(cai)可(ke)能全始全終(zhong)。
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