孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)游乎(hu)緇(zi)帷之(zhi)林，休坐乎(hu)杏壇之(zhi)上(shang)。弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)讀(du)書，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弦歌鼓琴。奏曲未半，有(you)漁(yu)父者(zhe)，下船而來，須眉交(jiao)白，被發揄袂，行原以上(shang)，距陸而止(zhi)，左手據膝，右(you)手持頤以聽。曲終而招(zhao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)貢、子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)二人俱對(dui)。客(ke)(ke)指孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)：“彼何為者(zhe)也(ye)？”子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)對(dui)曰(yue)：“魯之(zhi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)。”客(ke)(ke)問(wen)其(qi)族。子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)對(dui)曰(yue)：“族孔(kong)氏。”客(ke)(ke)曰(yue)：“孔(kong)氏者(zhe)何治也(ye)？”子(zi)(zi)(zi)路(lu)未應，子(zi)(zi)(zi)貢對(dui)曰(yue)：“孔(kong)氏者(zhe)，性服(fu)忠信，身行仁義，飾禮樂，選人倫。上(shang)以忠于(yu)世(shi)主，下以化于(yu)齊民，將以利天下。此(ci)孔(kong)氏之(zhi)所(suo)治也(ye)。”又問(wen)曰(yue)：“有(you)土(tu)之(zhi)君(jun)(jun)與？”子(zi)(zi)(zi)貢曰(yue)：“非也(ye)。”“侯王之(zhi)佐與？”子(zi)(zi)(zi)貢曰(yue)：“非也(ye)。”客(ke)(ke)乃笑而還(huan)行，言曰(yue)：“仁則仁矣(yi)，恐不免(mian)其(qi)身。苦心勞形以危(wei)其(qi)真。嗚呼！遠哉，其(qi)分于(yu)道(dao)也(ye)。”
子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貢還(huan)，報孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)推(tui)琴而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)起，曰(yue)(yue)：“其(qi)(qi)圣人(ren)與？”乃(nai)下求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，至于澤(ze)畔，方將杖拏而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)引(yin)其(qi)(qi)船，顧見孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，還(huan)鄉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)反(fan)走(zou)，再(zai)拜而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)。客曰(yue)(yue)：“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)將何求(qiu)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“曩者先生有(you)(you)緒言而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去，丘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖，未知所謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，竊(qie)待于下風(feng)，幸聞(wen)(wen)咳唾(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音，以卒相(xiang)丘也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”客曰(yue)(yue)：“嘻！甚(shen)矣，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)學也(ye)(ye)(ye)！”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)再(zai)拜而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)起，曰(yue)(yue)：“丘少(shao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)修(xiu)學，以至于今，六十九歲矣，無(wu)(wu)所得聞(wen)(wen)至教(jiao)，敢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虛心！”客曰(yue)(yue)：“同(tong)類相(xiang)從，同(tong)聲相(xiang)應，固天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理也(ye)(ye)(ye)。吾請釋吾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所有(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)經子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以者，人(ren)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)諸侯大夫庶(shu)人(ren)，此四者自正，治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美也(ye)(ye)(ye)；四者離(li)位而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)亂莫(mo)大焉(yan)。官治其(qi)(qi)職，人(ren)憂(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)，乃(nai)無(wu)(wu)所陵。故田荒(huang)室露，衣食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，征賦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屬，妻(qi)妾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和，長少(shao)無(wu)(wu)序，庶(shu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憂(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)勝任(ren)，官事(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)治，行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)白(bai)，群下荒(huang)怠，功(gong)美不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)，爵(jue)祿(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)持，大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憂(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；廷無(wu)(wu)忠(zhong)臣(chen)(chen)，國家昏亂，工技不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)巧，貢職不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)美，春秋后倫，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)順天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，諸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憂(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；陰陽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和，寒暑(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)時(shi)，以傷庶(shu)物(wu)，諸侯暴亂，擅相(xiang)攘伐，以殘民(min)人(ren)，禮樂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)節，財(cai)用窮匱，人(ren)倫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飭，百(bai)姓淫亂，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)司(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憂(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)既(ji)上無(wu)(wu)君侯有(you)(you)司(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下無(wu)(wu)大臣(chen)(chen)職事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)擅飾禮樂，選人(ren)倫，以化齊民(min)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)泰多事(shi)(shi)乎？且(qie)人(ren)有(you)(you)八疵(ci)，事(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)四患，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察也(ye)(ye)(ye)。非(fei)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總(zong)；莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佞；希(xi)意道(dao)言，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諂；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擇是非(fei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諛；好(hao)言人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惡，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讒(chan)；析交離(li)親(qin)，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊；稱(cheng)譽(yu)詐偽以敗惡人(ren)，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慝；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擇善否(fou)，兩容頰適，偷拔其(qi)(qi)所欲，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險。此八疵(ci)者，外以亂人(ren)，內(nei)以傷身，君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友，明君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)。所謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四患者：好(hao)經大事(shi)(shi)，變更易常(chang)，以掛功(gong)名(ming)，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叨；專知擅事(shi)(shi)，侵人(ren)自用，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貪；見過不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)更，聞(wen)(wen)諫愈甚(shen)，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)很；人(ren)同(tong)于己則可，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于己，雖善不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善，謂(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矜(jin)。此四患也(ye)(ye)(ye)。能(neng)(neng)去八疵(ci)，無(wu)(wu)行(xing)四患，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)始可教(jiao)已。
孔子(zi)愀然而(er)(er)嘆(tan)，再拜(bai)而(er)(er)起(qi)，曰：“丘(qiu)再逐于(yu)(yu)魯，削(xue)跡于(yu)(yu)衛，伐樹于(yu)(yu)宋，圍于(yu)(yu)陳蔡。丘(qiu)不(bu)(bu)知所失，而(er)(er)離此四謗者何也？”客凄(qi)然變(bian)容曰：“甚矣，子(zi)之難悟也！人有畏影(ying)惡跡而(er)(er)去之走者，舉足(zu)愈數而(er)(er)跡愈多，走愈疾而(er)(er)影(ying)不(bu)(bu)離身，自以(yi)為(wei)尚遲，疾走不(bu)(bu)休，絕(jue)力而(er)(er)死(si)。不(bu)(bu)知處(chu)陰以(yi)休影(ying)，處(chu)靜(jing)以(yi)息跡，愚亦甚矣！子(zi)審仁義之間，察同異之際，觀動靜(jing)之變(bian)，適受與之度，理(li)好惡之情，和喜怒之節，而(er)(er)幾于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)免矣。謹修而(er)(er)身，慎(shen)守其真，還以(yi)物與人，則無所累矣。今不(bu)(bu)修之身而(er)(er)求之人，不(bu)(bu)亦外(wai)乎！”
孔子愀(qiao)然曰(yue)：“請問(wen)(wen)何謂真(zhen)(zhen)？”客曰(yue)：“真(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)，精(jing)誠(cheng)之至也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)精(jing)不(bu)誠(cheng)，不(bu)能(neng)動人。故(gu)強哭者(zhe)(zhe)，雖(sui)悲不(bu)哀(ai)，強怒者(zhe)(zhe)，雖(sui)嚴不(bu)屯，強親者(zhe)(zhe)，雖(sui)笑不(bu)和。真(zhen)(zhen)悲無聲(sheng)而(er)哀(ai)，真(zhen)(zhen)怒未發而(er)威，真(zhen)(zhen)親未笑而(er)和。真(zhen)(zhen)在內者(zhe)(zhe)，神動于(yu)(yu)(yu)外，是所(suo)(suo)以貴真(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)用于(yu)(yu)(yu)人理也(ye)(ye)(ye)，事(shi)(shi)親則(ze)(ze)慈孝，事(shi)(shi)君則(ze)(ze)忠(zhong)(zhong)貞，飲(yin)酒則(ze)(ze)歡樂，處(chu)喪則(ze)(ze)悲哀(ai)。忠(zhong)(zhong)貞以功(gong)為主，飲(yin)酒以樂為主，處(chu)喪以哀(ai)為主，事(shi)(shi)親以適(shi)為主。功(gong)成(cheng)之美，無一其(qi)(qi)(qi)跡矣；事(shi)(shi)親以適(shi)，不(bu)論所(suo)(suo)以矣；飲(yin)酒以樂，不(bu)選其(qi)(qi)(qi)具矣；處(chu)喪以哀(ai)，無問(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)禮矣。禮者(zhe)(zhe)，世(shi)俗(su)之所(suo)(suo)為也(ye)(ye)(ye)；真(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)以受于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，自然不(bu)可(ke)易也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)圣人法(fa)天(tian)貴真(zhen)(zhen)，不(bu)拘(ju)于(yu)(yu)(yu)俗(su)。愚者(zhe)(zhe)反此。不(bu)能(neng)法(fa)天(tian)而(er)恤(xu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人，不(bu)知貴真(zhen)(zhen)，祿祿而(er)受變(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)俗(su)，故(gu)不(bu)足。惜哉(zai)，子之蚤湛于(yu)(yu)(yu)偽而(er)晚聞大(da)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)！”
孔子(zi)再拜而(er)(er)起曰：“今者(zhe)丘得(de)遇也，若(ruo)天幸然。先(xian)生不(bu)羞而(er)(er)比之服役而(er)(er)身(shen)教之。敢問舍所在，請(qing)因(yin)受(shou)業而(er)(er)卒學大道(dao)。”客曰：“吾聞之，可與(yu)往(wang)者(zhe)，與(yu)之至于妙道(dao)；不(bu)可與(yu)往(wang)者(zhe)，不(bu)知(zhi)其道(dao)。慎勿與(yu)之，身(shen)乃無咎。子(zi)勉(mian)之，吾去(qu)子(zi)矣，吾去(qu)子(zi)矣！”乃剌船而(er)(er)去(qu)，延緣葦(wei)間。
顏淵還(huan)車(che)，子(zi)(zi)路(lu)授(shou)綏，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧，待水波定，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞拏(na)音而后(hou)敢(gan)乘。子(zi)(zi)路(lu)旁車(che)而問(wen)曰(yue)：“由(you)得為役(yi)久矣，未(wei)嘗見(jian)夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)遇人如此其威(wei)也。萬乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，千乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君，見(jian)夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)未(wei)嘗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分庭伉禮(li)(li)，夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)猶(you)有倨(ju)傲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)。今(jin)漁父杖拏(na)逆立(li)，而夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)曲要(yao)磬折，言拜而應，得無太甚乎(hu)！門人皆怪(guai)夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)矣，漁父何以得此乎(hu)！”孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)伏(fu)軾而嘆(tan)，曰(yue)：“甚矣，由(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難化(hua)也！湛于(yu)禮(li)(li)義(yi)有間矣，而樸(pu)鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心至(zhi)今(jin)未(wei)去。進，吾語汝：夫(fu)遇長(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敬(jing)，失禮(li)(li)也；見(jian)賢(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尊(zun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁也。彼(bi)非(fei)至(zhi)人，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能下人。下人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)精，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得其真，故長(chang)傷身。惜哉！不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人也，禍莫大焉，而由(you)獨擅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且道(dao)者，萬物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由(you)也。庶物(wu)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者死(si)，得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者生。為事(shi)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則敗，順之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則成。故道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所在，圣人尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)漁父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)道(dao)，可(ke)謂有矣，吾敢(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敬(jing)乎(hu)！”
本文地址://n85e38t.cn/ddjy_131/60201.html.
聲明： 我(wo)(wo)們致力于保護作(zuo)(zuo)者版權(quan)(quan)，注重分享，被刊用(yong)文(wen)章(zhang)因無法(fa)核實真實出(chu)處，未能及時與作(zuo)(zuo)者取得(de)聯系，或有版權(quan)(quan)異議(yi)的，請聯系管理員，我(wo)(wo)們會(hui)立即處理，本站部分文(wen)字與圖片資(zi)源(yuan)來自于網絡，轉載是出(chu)于傳(chuan)遞更多信息之目的,若(ruo)有來源(yuan)標注錯誤或侵犯了您(nin)的合法(fa)權(quan)(quan)益，請立即通(tong)知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)們(管理員郵(you)箱：)，情況屬實，我(wo)(wo)們會(hui)第(di)一(yi)時間予以刪除，并(bing)同時向您(nin)表示歉意,謝謝!
