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莊子第17章,秋水(南華經)原文

網絡 2023-09-21 18:57:40

莊子》第17章 秋水


秋(qiu)(qiu)水時至,百川灌(guan)河(he)(he)。涇流(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大,兩涘(si)(si)渚(zhu)崖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辯牛(niu)馬。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)焉河(he)(he)伯欣然(ran)自喜(xi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美為(wei)(wei)盡在(zai)(zai)己(ji)。順流(liu)而(er)(er)(er)東行(xing),至于(yu)(yu)(yu)北海(hai)(hai),東面(mian)而(er)(er)(er)視,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)水端(duan)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)焉河(he)(he)伯始(shi)旋其(qi)面(mian)目,望(wang)洋向(xiang)若(ruo)而(er)(er)(er)嘆曰(yue)(yue):“野語有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):‘聞道(dao)百,以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)莫己(ji)若(ruo)者(zhe)。’我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)夫我嘗聞少仲(zhong)(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聞而(er)(er)(er)輕(qing)伯夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義者(zhe),始(shi)吾(wu)弗信。今(jin)我睹子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難窮也(ye)(ye)(ye),吾(wu)非至于(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門則殆矣,吾(wu)長見(jian)笑于(yu)(yu)(yu)大方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家。”北海(hai)(hai)若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue):“井蛙不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)語于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)者(zhe),拘于(yu)(yu)(yu)虛也(ye)(ye)(ye);夏蟲(chong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)語于(yu)(yu)(yu)冰者(zhe),篤于(yu)(yu)(yu)時也(ye)(ye)(ye);曲士(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)語于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)者(zhe),束于(yu)(yu)(yu)教也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)爾出于(yu)(yu)(yu)崖涘(si)(si),觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)大海(hai)(hai),乃知(zhi)爾丑(chou),爾將可與語大理(li)矣。天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水,莫大于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai):萬川歸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何時止而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盈;尾閭泄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何時已而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虛;春秋(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變,水旱不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)。此(ci)其(qi)過江河(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可為(wei)(wei)量(liang)數。而(er)(er)(er)吾(wu)未嘗以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)自多(duo)者(zhe),自以(yi)(yi)(yi)比(bi)形(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)地,而(er)(er)(er)受氣于(yu)(yu)(yu)陰陽,吾(wu)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,猶小(xiao)石小(xiao)木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)大山也(ye)(ye)(ye)。方(fang)存乎見(jian)少,又奚以(yi)(yi)(yi)自多(duo)!計四海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)似畾空(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)大澤(ze)乎?計中國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)(hai)內不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)似稊米之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)太倉乎?號物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萬,人(ren)處一焉;人(ren)卒九州,谷(gu)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所生,舟車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所通,人(ren)處一焉。此(ci)其(qi)比(bi)萬物也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)似豪末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)馬體乎?五(wu)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所連,三王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所爭,仁人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所憂,任士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所勞(lao),盡此(ci)矣!伯夷辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)名(ming),仲(zhong)(zhong)尼語之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)博。此(ci)其(qi)自多(duo)也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)似爾向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自多(duo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水乎?”

河伯曰:“然則(ze)吾大(da)(da)天(tian)地而(er)(er)小豪末,可(ke)乎(hu)?”北海若曰:“否。夫物,量無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong),時無(wu)(wu)止,分無(wu)(wu)常,終始無(wu)(wu)故(gu)(gu)。是(shi)故(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)知(zhi)觀于遠近,故(gu)(gu)小而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)寡,大(da)(da)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo):知(zhi)量無(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)。證向今故(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)遙而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)悶,掇而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)跂:知(zhi)時無(wu)(wu)止。察乎(hu)盈虛,故(gu)(gu)得而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)喜,失而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)憂(you):知(zhi)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)常也(ye)。明(ming)乎(hu)坦涂(tu),故(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)說,死而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禍:知(zhi)終始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。計人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所知(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)若其所不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi);其生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,不(bu)(bu)(bu)若未生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時;以(yi)(yi)(yi)其至(zhi)(zhi)小,求窮(qiong)其至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域,是(shi)故(gu)(gu)迷亂而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能自得也(ye)。由(you)此觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)毫末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)定至(zhi)(zhi)細之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倪,又何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)窮(qiong)至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域!”

河伯曰:“世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)議者(zhe)(zhe)皆曰:‘至精(jing)(jing)無(wu)形,至大不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)圍(wei)。’是(shi)信情乎(hu)?”北海若曰:“夫自細(xi)視大者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡,自大視細(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明。夫精(jing)(jing),小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);郛,大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殷(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye):故(gu)異便(bian)。此勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫精(jing)(jing)粗(cu)者(zhe)(zhe),期于有形者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);無(wu)形者(zhe)(zhe),數之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)分(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)圍(wei)者(zhe)(zhe),數之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。可(ke)(ke)以言(yan)論(lun)者(zhe)(zhe),物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);可(ke)(ke)以意致者(zhe)(zhe),物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)論(lun),意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)察致者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)期精(jing)(jing)粗(cu)焉。是(shi)故(gu)大人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing):不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出乎(hu)害人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)仁恩;動不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)利,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)賤(jian)門隸;貨財弗(fu)爭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)辭讓;事焉不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)借人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)食(shi)乎(hu)力,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)賤(jian)貪污;行(xing)殊乎(hu)俗,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)辟異;為(wei)(wei)在(zai)從眾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)賤(jian)佞諂;世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爵祿(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以為(wei)(wei)勸,戮恥不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以為(wei)(wei)辱;知(zhi)是(shi)非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)分(fen),細(xi)大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)倪(ni)。聞曰:‘道人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞,至德不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得,大人無(wu)己(ji)。’約(yue)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

河(he)伯曰(yue):“若(ruo)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,若(ruo)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,惡(e)至而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)倪(ni)貴(gui)(gui)賤(jian)?惡(e)至而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)倪(ni)小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)?”北(bei)海若(ruo)曰(yue):“以(yi)(yi)道(dao)觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),物(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)貴(gui)(gui)賤(jian);以(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自貴(gui)(gui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)賤(jian);以(yi)(yi)俗觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),貴(gui)(gui)賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在己。以(yi)(yi)差觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所大(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da);因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)。知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為稊米也(ye)(ye),知(zhi)(zhi)毫末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為丘(qiu)山也(ye)(ye),則(ze)差數睹(du)矣(yi)。以(yi)(yi)功觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所有(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you);因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所無(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)。知(zhi)(zhi)東西之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)反而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)無(wu)(wu)(wu),則(ze)功分定矣(yi)。以(yi)(yi)趣(qu)觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所然(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran);因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所非(fei)(fei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)非(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)非(fei)(fei)。知(zhi)(zhi)堯、桀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自然(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)非(fei)(fei),則(ze)趣(qu)操睹(du)矣(yi)。昔者堯、舜讓(rang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、噲讓(rang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)絕;湯(tang)、武爭(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)王,白公(gong)爭(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)滅。由(you)此(ci)觀(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),爭(zheng)讓(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,堯、桀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,貴(gui)(gui)賤(jian)有(you)(you)時,未可(ke)以(yi)(yi)為常(chang)也(ye)(ye)。梁麗可(ke)以(yi)(yi)沖城而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)窒穴,言殊(shu)器也(ye)(ye);騏驥(ji)驊騮一日而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)馳(chi)千里,捕鼠不(bu)(bu)(bu)如貍狌(sheng),言殊(shu)技也(ye)(ye);鴟鵂(xiu)夜(ye)撮(cuo)蚤,察毫末,晝出瞋目而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見丘(qiu)山,言殊(shu)性(xing)也(ye)(ye)。故曰(yue):蓋師(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)非(fei)(fei),師(shi)(shi)治(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)亂乎?是(shi)(shi)未明(ming)天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)猶師(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di),師(shi)(shi)陰而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)陽,其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)行明(ming)矣(yi)!然(ran)(ran)且語而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)舍,非(fei)(fei)愚(yu)則(ze)誣也(ye)(ye)!帝(di)王殊(shu)禪,三代殊(shu)繼。差其(qi)(qi)(qi)時,逆其(qi)(qi)(qi)俗者,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篡夫;當其(qi)(qi)(qi)時,順其(qi)(qi)(qi)俗者,謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒。默(mo)默(mo)乎河(he)伯,女惡(e)知(zhi)(zhi)貴(gui)(gui)賤(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men),小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家!”

河伯曰(yue):“然則我何為(wei)乎(hu)?何不(bu)為(wei)乎(hu)?吾辭受趣舍,吾終(zhong)奈何?”北海若(ruo)(ruo)曰(yue):“以道觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何貴何賤,是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)反(fan)衍(yan);無(wu)(wu)(wu)拘(ju)而志,與道大蹇。何少何多,是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)謝(xie)施;無(wu)(wu)(wu)一而行,與道參差。嚴乎(hu)若(ruo)(ruo)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)君(jun),其無(wu)(wu)(wu)私(si)德;繇繇乎(hu)若(ruo)(ruo)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)社(she),其無(wu)(wu)(wu)私(si)福(fu);泛泛乎(hu)其若(ruo)(ruo)四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮,其無(wu)(wu)(wu)所畛域。兼懷萬物(wu)(wu),其孰承翼(yi)?是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)。萬物(wu)(wu)一齊,孰短孰長?道無(wu)(wu)(wu)終(zhong)始,物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)死生(sheng),不(bu)恃其成。一虛一滿(man),不(bu)位乎(hu)其形。年不(bu)可舉,時不(bu)可止。消息盈虛,終(zhong)則有(you)(you)(you)始。是(shi)(shi)所以語大義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang),論萬物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理也。物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)也,若(ruo)(ruo)驟若(ruo)(ruo)馳。無(wu)(wu)(wu)動而不(bu)變,無(wu)(wu)(wu)時而不(bu)移。何為(wei)乎(hu),何不(bu)為(wei)乎(hu)?夫(fu)固將自化(hua)。”

河伯曰(yue)(yue):“然(ran)則(ze)何(he)(he)貴于(yu)道邪(xie)?”北(bei)海若(ruo)(ruo)曰(yue)(yue):“知道者(zhe)必達(da)于(yu)理,達(da)于(yu)理者(zhe)必明于(yu)權(quan),明于(yu)權(quan)者(zhe)不(bu)以(yi)物害己。至德(de)(de)者(zhe),火(huo)弗(fu)(fu)能(neng)熱,水弗(fu)(fu)能(neng)溺,寒暑弗(fu)(fu)能(neng)害,禽(qin)獸弗(fu)(fu)能(neng)賊。非謂其(qi)薄之也(ye),言察(cha)乎安危,寧于(yu)禍(huo)福(fu),謹(jin)于(yu)去就,莫之能(neng)害也(ye)。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue):‘天(tian)(tian)在內,人(ren)在外,德(de)(de)在乎天(tian)(tian)。’知天(tian)(tian)人(ren)之行,本乎天(tian)(tian),位乎得,躑(zhi)躅而屈伸,反(fan)要而語極。”曰(yue)(yue):“何(he)(he)謂天(tian)(tian)?何(he)(he)謂人(ren)?”北(bei)海若(ruo)(ruo)曰(yue)(yue):“牛馬(ma)四足,是(shi)謂天(tian)(tian);落(luo)馬(ma)首,穿(chuan)牛鼻,是(shi)謂人(ren)。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue):‘無以(yi)人(ren)滅(mie)天(tian)(tian),無以(yi)故(gu)滅(mie)命,無以(yi)得殉名。謹(jin)守(shou)而勿失,是(shi)謂反(fan)其(qi)真。’”

夔憐蚿(xian)(xian)(xian),蚿(xian)(xian)(xian)憐蛇(she)(she),蛇(she)(she)憐風(feng),風(feng)憐目(mu),目(mu)憐心。夔謂蚿(xian)(xian)(xian)曰:“吾(wu)以(yi)一足(zu)趻踔而不(bu)(bu)行,予(yu)(yu)無(wu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)矣。今(jin)子(zi)之(zhi)使萬足(zu),獨奈何(he)(he)?”蚿(xian)(xian)(xian)曰:“不(bu)(bu)然(ran)。子(zi)不(bu)(bu)見(jian)夫(fu)唾者(zhe)乎?噴則(ze)大(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)如(ru)(ru)(ru)珠,小者(zhe)如(ru)(ru)(ru)霧,雜(za)而下(xia)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)數也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)予(yu)(yu)動吾(wu)天機,而不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)所以(yi)然(ran)。”蚿(xian)(xian)(xian)謂蛇(she)(she)曰:“吾(wu)以(yi)眾足(zu)行,而不(bu)(bu)及子(zi)之(zhi)無(wu)足(zu),何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)?”蛇(she)(she)曰:“夫(fu)天機之(zhi)所動,何(he)(he)可(ke)(ke)易(yi)邪?吾(wu)安用足(zu)哉!”蛇(she)(she)謂風(feng)曰:“予(yu)(yu)動吾(wu)脊脅而行,則(ze)有(you)似(si)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)子(zi)蓬(peng)蓬(peng)然(ran)起于(yu)(yu)北海(hai)(hai),蓬(peng)蓬(peng)然(ran)入于(yu)(yu)南海(hai)(hai),而似(si)無(wu)有(you),何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)?”風(feng)曰:“然(ran),予(yu)(yu)蓬(peng)蓬(peng)然(ran)起于(yu)(yu)北海(hai)(hai)而入于(yu)(yu)南海(hai)(hai)也(ye)(ye),然(ran)而指我則(ze)勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)我,鰌(qiu)我亦勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)我。雖然(ran),夫(fu)折大(da)(da)(da)木,蜚大(da)(da)(da)屋(wu)者(zhe),唯我能也(ye)(ye)。”故以(yi)眾小不(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為大(da)(da)(da)勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。為大(da)(da)(da)勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe),唯圣人能之(zhi)。

孔子游于匡,宋(song)人圍之(zhi)(zhi)數匝,而(er)(er)(er)弦歌不(bu)(bu)輟。子路入見,曰(yue):“何(he)夫子之(zhi)(zhi)娛(yu)也(ye)?”孔子曰(yue):“來,吾語女。我諱窮久矣(yi),而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)免,命(ming)也(ye);求通(tong)久矣(yi),而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)得,時(shi)也(ye)。當(dang)(dang)堯、舜而(er)(er)(er)天下無(wu)窮人,非(fei)知得也(ye);當(dang)(dang)桀、紂而(er)(er)(er)天下無(wu)通(tong)人,非(fei)知失也(ye):時(shi)勢適然。夫水行不(bu)(bu)避蛟龍者(zhe),漁(yu)父之(zhi)(zhi)勇也(ye);陸行不(bu)(bu)避兕虎者(zhe),獵夫之(zhi)(zhi)勇也(ye);白刃交于前(qian),視死若生者(zhe),烈(lie)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)勇也(ye);知窮之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)命(ming),知通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)時(shi),臨大難(nan)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)懼(ju)者(zhe),圣人之(zhi)(zhi)勇也(ye)。由,處矣(yi)!吾命(ming)有(you)所制矣(yi)!”無(wu)幾何(he),將甲(jia)者(zhe)進,辭曰(yue):“以為陽虎也(ye),故圍之(zhi)(zhi);今非(fei)也(ye),請辭而(er)(er)(er)退。”

公(gong)孫(sun)龍(long)問于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)魏(wei)牟(mou)曰:“龍(long)少(shao)學(xue)先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,長而(er)明仁義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行;合同(tong)異,離堅(jian)白(bai);然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran),可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可;困百家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi),窮(qiong)眾口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辯:吾(wu)自以為(wei)(wei)至達已。今吾(wu)聞莊(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),茫然(ran)異之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)論之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及與(yu)(yu)(yu)?知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弗(fu)若(ruo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)?今吾(wu)無所開吾(wu)喙,敢問其(qi)方。”公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)牟(mou)隱機大(da)息,仰天而(er)笑曰:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)獨(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞夫(fu)(fu)(fu)埳(kan)井之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛙乎?謂東(dong)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鱉曰:‘吾(wu)樂(le)與(yu)(yu)(yu)!出跳梁乎井干之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),入休乎缺(que)甃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崖(ya)。赴水(shui)則(ze)接腋持頤,蹶(jue)泥則(ze)沒足滅跗。還虷(gan)蟹與(yu)(yu)(yu)科斗,莫吾(wu)能若(ruo)也。且(qie)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)擅(shan)一壑(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui),而(er)跨跱(zhi)埳(kan)井之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂(le),此亦至矣。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)奚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)時(shi)來入觀乎?’東(dong)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鱉左足未入,而(er)右膝已縶(zhi)矣。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)逡巡而(er)卻,告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海曰:‘夫(fu)(fu)(fu)千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以舉其(qi)大(da);千仞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以極(ji)其(qi)深。禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),十年九潦(liao),而(er)水(shui)弗(fu)為(wei)(wei)加益;湯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),八年七旱,而(er)崖(ya)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)加損。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)頃久推移,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以多少(shao)進退(tui)者(zhe),此亦東(dong)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)樂(le)也。’于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)埳(kan)井之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛙聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),適適然(ran)驚,規(gui)(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)(gui)然(ran)自失(shi)也。且(qie)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竟,而(er)猶(you)欲觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)莊(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),是(shi)(shi)猶(you)使蚊負山,商蚷馳河也,必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)任矣。且(qie)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)論極(ji)妙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),而(er)自適一時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)非埳(kan)井之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛙與(yu)(yu)(yu)?且(qie)彼方跐黃泉而(er)登(deng)大(da)皇,無南無北(bei),爽然(ran)四解,淪(lun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)測;無東(dong)無西(xi),始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)玄(xuan)冥,反于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)通。子(zi)(zi)(zi)乃規(gui)(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)(gui)然(ran)而(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以察,索之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以辯,是(shi)(shi)直用管窺天,用錐指地也,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦小乎?子(zi)(zi)(zi)往(wang)矣!且(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)獨(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞夫(fu)(fu)(fu)壽陵余子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邯鄲與(yu)(yu)(yu)?未得(de)國能,又失(shi)其(qi)故行矣,直匍匐而(er)歸(gui)耳(er)。今子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去,將忘子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故,失(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業。”公(gong)孫(sun)龍(long)口呿(qu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合,舌(she)舉而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下,乃逸(yi)而(er)走。

莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)釣于濮水(shui)。楚王使大夫(fu)二人往(wang)(wang)先(xian)焉,曰:“愿以境(jing)內累矣!”莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)持竿(gan)不顧,曰:“吾聞楚有神龜,死已(yi)三(san)千歲矣。王巾(jin)笥而(er)藏之miao堂(tang)之上。此龜者,寧(ning)其死為留骨而(er)貴乎?寧(ning)其生而(er)曳尾于涂(tu)(tu)中(zhong)乎?”二大夫(fu)曰:“寧(ning)生而(er)曳尾涂(tu)(tu)中(zhong)。”莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)曰:“往(wang)(wang)矣!吾將曳尾于涂(tu)(tu)中(zhong)。”

惠子(zi)相梁,莊子(zi)往見之(zhi)(zhi)。或謂惠子(zi)曰:“莊子(zi)來,欲代子(zi)相。”于是惠子(zi)恐,搜于國中(zhong)三日三夜。莊子(zi)往見之(zhi)(zhi),曰:“南方有鳥(niao),其名為鹓鹐,子(zi)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)乎?夫鹓鹐發于南海而(er)飛于北海,非梧桐(tong)不止(zhi),非練實(shi)不食,非醴泉不飲。于是鴟得(de)腐(fu)鼠,鹓鹐過之(zhi)(zhi),仰而(er)視之(zhi)(zhi)曰:‘嚇!’今子(zi)欲以子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)梁國而(er)嚇我邪(xie)?”

莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)游于濠(hao)梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):“儵魚(yu)出游從容(rong),是魚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂也。”惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)∶“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)非(fei)魚(yu),安(an)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂?”莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)非(fei)我(wo)(wo),安(an)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)我(wo)(wo)不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂?”惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)“我(wo)(wo)非(fei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),固不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)矣(yi);子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)固非(fei)魚(yu)也,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂,全矣(yi)!”莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):“請循(xun)其(qi)本(ben)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)‘汝安(an)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魚(yu)樂’云者,既已知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吾(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)問我(wo)(wo)。我(wo)(wo)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濠(hao)上也。”


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