周思得(de)(de)(1359-1451年),浙江錢塘人,字養真,別字素(su)庵(an),又曾署名思德。周思得(de)(de)生于元(yuan)至(zhi)正十(shi)九年(1359年)正月十(shi)八日,早年師從(cong)杭州宗陽宮提點月庵(an)丘公學道(dao),其師洪武初(chu)曾任杭州府道(dao)紀司都(dou)紀。后來拜訪(fang)四(si)十(shi)三(san)代天師張宇(yu)初(chu)學道(dao),得(de)(de)龍虎山(shan)正一派道(dao)法(fa)的傳授。周思得(de)(de)精習靈寶(bao)度人之(zhi)旨(zhi),行持五雷火(huo)府之(zhi)法(fa),以顯揚宋元(yuan)道(dao)教(jiao)新出的靈官法(fa),奠定了他在明(ming)(ming)代道(dao)教(jiao)史上(shang)的地位。明(ming)(ming)張岱(dai)《夜航船》卷十(shi)四(si)《弘道(dao)真人》條說周思得(de)(de):
得靈官法,先知禍福。文皇帝(di)北征(zheng),召扈(hu)從(cong),數試之(zhi)(zhi)不爽。號弘道真人。先是,上獲靈官藤像(xiang)于東海(hai),朝夕崇(chong)禮(li),所征(zheng)必載以行;及金川河,舁不可(ke)動,就思(si)得秘問之(zhi)(zhi)。曰:“上帝(di)有界,止此也。”已而,果有榆川之(zhi)(zhi)役。①
明(ming)(ming)劉侗、于奕正(zheng)《帝京景物(wu)略(lve)》卷四《顯靈(ling)宮》條載:“永(yong)樂中,道士(shi)周思(si)得(de)行靈(ling)官法(fa),知禍(huo)福先(xian),文皇(huang)帝數試(shi)之(zhi),無(wu)爽也。至招弭祓除,神鬼示魅,逆時雨,災兵(bing),遠(yuan)罪疾,維影響(xiang),乃命祀王靈(ling)官神于宮城西。世傳靈(ling)官藤像,文皇(huang)獲之(zhi)東海,崇禮(li)朝夕,對(dui)如(ru)賓客,所征(zheng)必載。”②周思(si)得(de)扈從(cong)明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖北(bei)征(zheng),以靈(ling)官法(fa)預(yu)知禍(huo)福獲得(de)成(cheng)祖崇信。于是明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖命在(zai)京師建天將(jiang)miao,供奉顯示靈(ling)應的王靈(ling)官藤像。明(ming)(ming)田汝(ru)成(cheng)《西湖(hu)游覽志》卷二十一說:“皇(huang)明(ming)(ming)永(yong)樂間,道士(shi)周思(si)得(de)者,仁和人,操(cao)行雅潔,精五雷法(fa)。成(cheng)祖聞(wen)其名,召試(shi)稱旨,建天將(jiang)miao居之(zhi)。”③明(ming)(ming)倪岳(yue)《青(qing)溪(xi)漫(man)稿》卷十一說:
國朝永(yong)樂中,有杭(hang)州道士周思(si)得(de)以(yi)靈官之法顯于京(jing)師,附(fu)體降(jiang)神,禱之有應,乃(nai)于禁城之西建天將miao及祖師殿(dian)。④
天(tian)(tian)將(jiang)(jiang)miao居于(yu)紫禁(jin)城附近的位置,顯示(shi)明(ming)成(cheng)祖(zu)對靈官法(fa)的重視(shi)。據習(xi)經(jing)撰《故(gu)履(lv)和(he)養素崇教高士(shi)管道(dao)(dao)錄司(si)兼朝天(tian)(tian)宮大(da)德(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)住持周思(si)(si)得墓志銘》,天(tian)(tian)將(jiang)(jiang)miao初建于(yu)永樂十八年(1420年),天(tian)(tian)將(jiang)(jiang)miao供(gong)祀(si)玉樞火府天(tian)(tian)將(jiang)(jiang),即(ji)道(dao)(dao)教新出護(hu)法(fa)神(shen)王靈官,祖(zu)師殿奉(feng)祀(si)王靈官受法(fa)祖(zu)師薩守(shou)堅。明(ming)宣(xuan)宗宣(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)年間(1426-1435年)敕改miao額為大(da)德(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)。大(da)德(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)具有皇家內道(dao)(dao)場的性質(zhi),專門為明(ming)代皇帝(di)的禱祀(si)服務,因此(ci)明(ming)徐有貞《贈太常博士(shi)顧(gu)惟謹序》說:“大(da)德(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)祠(ci),國之(zhi)秘祠(ci)也。永樂中,今高士(shi)周君(jun)思(si)(si)德(de)(de)(de),始以道(dao)(dao)術幸上(shang),興祠(ci)事”。⑤
明宣宗封薩真人為(wei)(wei)崇恩真君(jun),王(wang)(wang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)官為(wei)(wei)隆恩真君(jun),二(er)真君(jun)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)官法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)象征。大(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)觀(guan)國之(zhi)秘祠的(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)赫地位,是周(zhou)思得(de)顯(xian)(xian)揚靈(ling)(ling)(ling)官法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)結果。大(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)規格高于京師一般(ban)宮觀(guan),且(qie)隨靈(ling)(ling)(ling)官法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)行而(er)擴大(da)(da)(da)規模。明(ming)(ming)楊震宗(zong)《上清靈(ling)(ling)(ling)寶濟度大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)金書·后序》說大(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)觀(guan):“規模宏大(da)(da)(da),像設尊嚴,金碧輝映(ying),儼(yan)若清都紫府,實為(wei)(wei)京師之(zhi)偉觀(guan)也。”⑥明(ming)(ming)憲宗(zong)成(cheng)化(hua)年(nian)間(1465-1487年(nian)),大(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)觀(guan)經擴建(jian)并改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)宮。清于敏中(zhong)、英廉(lian)等撰《欽定日下舊聞(wen)考(kao)》卷五十,考(kao)證大(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)宮的(de)(de)(de)興建(jian)說:“成(cheng)化(hua)中(zhong),更(geng)拓(tuo)其(qi)制,又建(jian)彌羅閣。嘉靖中(zhong)復(fu)建(jian)昊極通(tong)(tong)明(ming)(ming)殿,東輔薩(sa)君(jun)殿,曰昭德(de)(de);西弼王(wang)(wang)帥殿,曰保真”。⑦明(ming)(ming)沈榜《宛署(shu)雜記》卷十九載顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)宮:“在鳴(ming)玉坊,成(cheng)化(hua)十八年(nian)建(jian)。”⑧可知大(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)觀(guan)改為(wei)(wei)顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)宮,是在明(ming)(ming)憲宗(zong)成(cheng)化(hua)十八年(nian)(1482年(nian))。而(er)彌羅閣、昊極通(tong)(tong)明(ming)(ming)殿的(de)(de)(de)興建(jian),顯(xian)(xian)示王(wang)(wang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)官的(de)(de)(de)神格更(geng)為(wei)(wei)突(tu)出。
顯靈(ling)宮(gong)作為(wei)(wei)京師之(zhi)宏偉宮(gong)觀,在宣宗(zong)、英(ying)宗(zong)、代(dai)宗(zong)、憲宗(zong)朝成為(wei)(wei)國家齋醮之(zhi)法壇。每歲(sui)萬壽圣節、正旦、冬至及二真(zhen)君示現之(zhi)辰,朝廷皆遣官赴顯靈(ling)宮(gong)祭祀。在明(ming)代(dai)崇道(dao)的社會氛圍下(xia),顯靈(ling)宮(gong)成為(wei)(wei)文人學士訪道(dao)之(zhi)去處。明(ming)代(dai)文士何景明(ming)、江(jiang)暉(hui)、頓銳、余(yu)寅、李言恭、馮琦、王(wang)嘉(jia)謨、袁宏道(dao)、何宇度、魏允中、顧起元、馮有經、朱宗(zong)吉(ji)、黎(li)民表、尹臺、王(wang)世貞、余(yu)繼登等(deng),皆有吟誦顯靈(ling)宮(gong)詩傳世。王(wang)嘉(jia)謨《顯靈(ling)宮(gong)》詩曰:
琳宮星澹曉光殘,樓觀(guan)巍臨太乙(yi)壇。
臺(tai)自凌云如動影(ying),莖猶承露(lu)不盈盤。
窗聞玉女簫還起(qi),座展天書夜欲寒(han)。
何問黃冠能(neng)住(zhu)世,達懷高肅(su)使人難。⑨
繼周(zhou)思得之后住持顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)宮者,史(shi)籍所(suo)載有嘉(jia)靖年間的(de)(de)邵元(yuan)節、陶仲文等,皆為明(ming)(ming)代道教的(de)(de)風云(yun)人物。明(ming)(ming)代盛(sheng)極一時的(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)宮,在清(qing)代已(yi)逐漸衰(shuai)落(luo)。清(qing)震鈞《天咫偶聞》卷(juan)五(wu)說(shuo):“大德顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)宮今(jin)已(yi)廢盡(jin)。惟山門之在兵馬司胡同(tong)者,今(jin)尚巋然,而石(shi)額(e)亡矣。”⑩震鈞此書初刻于光緒三十三年(1907年),說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)至清(qing)末顯(xian)(xian)靈(ling)宮已(yi)廢圮殆盡(jin)。
周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)(si)得(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)為京(jing)師(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)名道(dao)(dao)(dao)士,還曾(ceng)主管道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)并任朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)住(zhu)持(chi)。明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)主管全國道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si),是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)六品(pin)衙門(men),設有左右(you)正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),左右(you)演法(fa),左右(you)至(zhi)靈,左右(you)玄義等道(dao)(dao)(dao)職,專(zhuan)門(men)管理天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)事。道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)隸屬禮(li)部(bu),其衙門(men)就(jiu)設在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩京(jing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。明(ming)(ming)沈榜《宛署雜記》卷(juan)十(shi)九(jiu)“太清(qing)觀”條(tiao)說(shuo):“正(zheng)(zheng)統(tong)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)住(zhu)持(chi)周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)(si)得(de)(de)(de)創。”(11)據明(ming)(ming)文士習(xi)(xi)經撰《故履和(he)養素崇教(jiao)高士管道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)兼朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)德(de)觀住(zhu)持(chi)周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)(si)得(de)(de)(de)墓志(zhi)銘》,可(ke)知周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)(si)得(de)(de)(de)確曾(ceng)主管道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)并住(zhu)持(chi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)京(jing)師(shi)著(zhu)名宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)觀,明(ming)(ming)憲(xian)宗朱見深有詩云:“禁城西(xi)北名朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),重(zhong)檐巨棟三千間”。(12)明(ming)(ming)宣(xuan)宗宣(xuan)德(de)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1433年(nian)(nian)(nian)),仿南(nan)京(jing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)式(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)京(jing)師(shi)皇城西(xi)北建(jian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),百(bai)官(guan)大(da)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)賀(he)(he)習(xi)(xi)儀(yi)就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。明(ming)(ming)李賢《明(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)統(tong)志(zhi)》卷(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo):“朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)府(fu)西(xi),宣(xuan)德(de)間建(jian)。凡行慶賀(he)(he)禮(li),百(bai)官(guan)習(xi)(xi)儀(yi)于(yu)此(ci),道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)焉(yan)。”(13)由于(yu)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)歷朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)皇帝都尊崇道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao),道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)祀儀(yi)禮(li)成為國家(jia)(jia)禮(li)儀(yi)的(de)主流(liu),這是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)不同于(yu)唐宋的(de)特點。《明(ming)(ming)史·禮(li)志(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》說(shuo):“習(xi)(xi)儀(yi),凡祭(ji)(ji)祀,先(xian)期三日(ri)(ri)(ri)及(ji)二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),百(bai)官(guan)習(xi)(xi)儀(yi)于(yu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。嘉靖九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),更(geng)定郊祀冬(dong)至(zhi),習(xi)(xi)儀(yi)于(yu)先(xian)期之(zhi)(zhi)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)及(ji)六日(ri)(ri)(ri)。”朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)師(shi)府(fu)基礎上(shang)改建(jian)而(er)成,它既是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地,也是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)國家(jia)(jia)齋醮(jiao)(jiao)的(de)重(zhong)要壇(tan)場。明(ming)(ming)成祖永(yong)樂四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1406年(nian)(nian)(nian))十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月庚申,征天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下道(dao)(dao)(dao)士咸至(zhi)京(jing)師(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、神樂觀、洞神宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),為國家(jia)(jia)修(xiu)建(jian)金箓大(da)齋。《欽(qin)定日(ri)(ri)(ri)下舊(jiu)聞考》卷(juan)五(wu)十(shi)二(er)說(shuo):“朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)本元(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)舊(jiu)址,盛于(yu)明(ming)(ming)嘉靖時,齋醮(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)無虛日(ri)(ri)(ri)。”(14)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)處于(yu)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)中心地位,道(dao)(dao)(dao)錄(lu)司(si)(si)(si)由正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)派道(dao)(dao)(dao)士出任,這是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)貴盛的(de)結果。周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)(si)得(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)曾(ceng)主壇(tan)為國建(jian)醮(jiao)(jiao),四(si)十(shi)五(wu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)師(shi)張懋丞(cheng)《上(shang)清(qing)靈寶(bao)濟度大(da)成金書序(xu)》說(shuo):“大(da)德(de)觀高士周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)(si)得(de)(de)(de),遭際明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),棟梁(liang)吾道(dao)(dao)(dao),恭(gong)沐圣恩(en),屢(lv)修(xiu)金箓。其壇(tan)典儀(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依此(ci)式(shi)。”(15)
明(ming)英宗正統十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1445年(nian)(nian)(nian)),周思得(de)以(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)邁懇乞(qi)還(huan)山,英宗敕于(yu)杭州(zhou)城(cheng)西南鳳凰山建太(tai)清觀,為周思得(de)退居(ju)修(xiu)道(dao)之(zhi)所。明(ming)代宗景(jing)泰元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1450年(nian)(nian)(nian))五月(yue),周思得(de)始獲準告老還(huan)山,由其徒周道(dao)寧扶持,返居(ju)杭州(zhou)仁和(he)縣(xian)玄元(yuan)庵。景(jing)泰二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1451年(nian)(nian)(nian))八月(yue)二(er)十四日,周思得(de)羽(yu)化于(yu)玄元(yuan)庵,享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)93歲。英宗賜謚(shi)為弘道(dao)真人(ren),元(yuan)代道(dao)士吳全節(jie)、張(zhang)惟一,明(ming)四十八代天師張(zhang)彥,都曾(ceng)有弘道(dao)真人(ren)之(zhi)號(hao),此謚(shi)號(hao)為對(dui)高道(dao)的褒(bao)獎。
周思得退居修道羽化的玄元庵,其門弟子后來請求擴修,擴建成的道觀改名寶極觀。明田汝成《西湖游覽志》卷二十一載:“寶極觀,在報恩坊內,舊玄元庵。元延祐五年,道士章無為建。”并說周思得于“景泰初,歸老故庵。甘茹淡泊,其門人以法顯者,殆百余人。其時有異人號赤腳張,亦寓觀中,與思得友善。成化間,其徒昌道亨得寵憲宗,詔徙玄元庵于思得墓左,而改其故居為寶極觀”。(16)周思得所遇異人赤腳張,即明代著名道士張三豐。明代張(zhang)(zhang)三(san)豐(feng)曾遍游多方,相(xiang)傳其冬春不履,道門因此號稱赤腳(jiao)張(zhang)(zhang)。正因有周思得際遇張(zhang)(zhang)三(san)豐(feng)的傳說,寶(bao)極(ji)觀中(zhong)供奉有張(zhang)(zhang)三(san)豐(feng)遺(yi)像。
周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)羽(yu)化后(hou)葬(zang)于(yu)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)八(ba)盤嶺,此墓(mu)成(cheng)為(wei)杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)道教(jiao)名勝。明清杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)及浙(zhe)江地方志書,皆要記述羽(yu)士周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)。明田汝成(cheng)《西湖游覽志》卷四說:“三(san)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)前,為(wei)栗山(shan)(shan)、八(ba)盤嶺、周(zhou)(zhou)真人(ren)(ren)墓(mu)。”并說周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)“景泰改(gai)元,懇乞還山(shan)(shan),年九十(shi)三(san)卒。訃聞,遣(qian)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)許箎諭祭,贈(zeng)號真人(ren)(ren),敕(chi)葬(zang)于(yu)此”。(17)明朱廷煥(huan)《增補武林(lin)舊事》卷六,亦載杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)八(ba)盤嶺周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)真人(ren)(ren)墓(mu)。清乾隆《浙(zhe)江通志》卷二百三(san)十(shi)五載:“明真人(ren)(ren)周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)墓(mu)。《杭(hang)(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)府志》:在八(ba)盤嶺,景泰間(jian)諭葬(zang)。”(18)明永樂戊戌進士習經,應周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)門弟子之(zhi)(zhi)請,撰《故履和(he)養素崇教(jiao)高士管(guan)道錄司兼朝天宮大德(de)觀住持周(zhou)(zhou)思(si)得(de)墓(mu)志銘(ming)》,傳諸后(hou)世(shi)。
周思(si)得擅長詩(shi)文,著有《弘道(dao)集》一卷(juan),此書(shu)有《附錄(lu)》一卷(juan),并曾有刻本傳世。《千頃堂書(shu)目》、《百川(chuan)書(shu)志》,都(dou)著錄(lu)周思(si)得所撰《弘道(dao)集》。明嘉(jia)靖時俞憲編《盛明百家(jia)詩(shi)》,從(cong)《弘道(dao)集》中(zhong)選詩(shi)數十(shi)首(shou),題名為《周真人集》。如(ru)周思(si)得《夢游仙詩(shi)》三首(shou),就(jiu)頗有道(dao)家(jia)韻味思(si)致:
云(yun)樹蒼茫(mang)月正明,座中還遇董雙成。玉簫(xiao)吹罷桃花落(luo),猶記霓裳譜(pu)上(shang)聲。
玉扉雙啟爛金鋪,樓閣玲(ling)瓏湛玉壺。一曲霓(ni)裳看未了,又隨白鶴下玄都。
翩(pian)翩(pian)鶴羽拂重云(yun),仙(xian)樂嘈嘈世未聞。一(yi)虎借騎何處去,定應月(yue)下訪茅君。(19)
清(qing)光(guang)緒二十三年(1897年),杭州人丁丙將(jiang)此詩(shi)集及周思(si)得《上清(qing)靈寶濟度大成金書序(xu)》《重刊清(qing)凈經注解序(xu)》二篇序(xu)文,收入(ru)《武林往哲遺著》中,現江蘇(su)廣陵古籍刻印(yin)社(she)已將(jiang)該(gai)書整理出版(ban)。
①[明(ming)]張(zhang)岱撰(zhuan):《夜(ye)航船》,成都:巴蜀書社,1998年,第328頁。
②⑨[明]劉侗、于奕(yi)正《帝(di)京景物略(lve)》,北(bei)京:北(bei)京古籍出版社,1983年,第176頁。
③[明]田汝成撰:《西湖游覽志》,上海:上海古籍(ji)出版(ban)社,1958年,第268頁(ye)。
④《文淵閣四庫全(quan)書》,臺北:臺灣(wan)商務印書館(guan),1986年,第(di)1251冊,第(di)125頁。下同。
⑤《武(wu)功(gong)集》卷(juan)三,《文淵閣(ge)四庫全書》,第1245冊,第116頁。
⑥《藏外(wai)道書》,成(cheng)都:巴蜀書社(she),1992年,第17冊,第625頁。下同。
⑦《文淵(yuan)閣四庫全書》,第(di)497冊,第(di)706頁。
⑧(11)[明]沈榜(bang)編著:《宛署雜記》,北京(jing):北京(jing)古籍出(chu)版社(she),1983年,第(di)231頁,第(di)23頁。
⑩[清]震鈞《天咫偶聞》,北京古籍出(chu)版(ban)社,1982年,第(di)123頁。
(12)《欽定(ding)日下舊聞考》卷五(wu)十二,《文淵(yuan)閣(ge)四庫全(quan)書》第(di)497冊,第(di)72頁。
(13)《文(wen)淵閣四庫(ku)全書》第(di)472冊,第(di)22頁。
(14)《文淵閣四庫(ku)全書(shu)》第(di)497冊,第(di)728頁。
(15)《藏(zang)外道書》第(di)16冊,第(di)1頁。
(17)[明]田汝成撰:《西湖(hu)游覽志》,第45頁。
(18)《文(wen)淵(yuan)閣四庫全書》第525冊,第363頁。
(19)《御選明詩(shi)》卷一百十四,《文淵閣四庫全書》第767冊,第768頁。
文章摘自張(zhang)澤洪的(de)《明代道士(shi)周思得與靈(ling)官法》
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