莫(mo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding)為(wei)元代(dai)神霄派的(de)主要代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)(ren)物。關(guan)于(yu)他(ta)的(de)名(ming)字,籍貫及(ji)生(sheng)率(lv)年(nian)(nian)(nian),諸書記載不一(yi)。《歷世真(zhen)仙體道(dao)通鑒續編》卷(juan)五曰:“月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)姓莫(mo)氏,諱洞一(yi),字起(qi)炎,浙西 川人(ren)(ren)”。以(yi)延佑庚(geng)寅(yin)(yin)(查延佑無庚(geng)寅(yin)(yin)。庚(geng)寅(yin)(yin)為(wei)至(zhi)元二十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),1290年(nian)(nian)(nian))卒(zu),卒(zu)前書偈曰:“七(qi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)明月(yue)(yue)(yue),也曾陰晴(qing)圓缺(que)。今日(ri)大(da)地光明,三界虛空透徹。書畢,端坐(zuo)而(er)逝,顏面如丹。”(1)宋濂(lian)《元莫(mo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding)傳碑》謂:諱起(qi)炎,入道(dao)后,更(geng)名(ming)沾(zhan)乙。自(zi)號(hao)月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding);湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)月(yue)(yue)(yue)河溪人(ren)(ren),于(yu)庚(geng)寅(yin)(yin)之次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1291年(nian)(nian)(nian))正月(yue)(yue)(yue)逝世,壽六十(shi)(shi)九。(2)王(wang)逢《莫(mo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding)法師道(dao)行(xing)錄》稱:諱起(qi)炎,字月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding),吳(wu)(wu)興(xing)人(ren)(ren),生(sheng)于(yu)寶慶丙戌(xu)(1226年(nian)(nian)(nian)),卒(zu)于(yu)至(zhi)元甲午(wu)(1294年(nian)(nian)(nian))。(3)《蘇州(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)志》則言(yan)(yan)其(qi)為(wei)苕(tiao)溪人(ren)(ren),(4)《浙江通志》說為(wei)錢塘人(ren)(ren),(5)明王(wang)圻《續文獻通考》卷(juan)二四(si)三則曰為(wei)歸安人(ren)(ren),陸容《菽園(yuan)雜記》卷(juan)十(shi)(shi)又(you)稱其(qi)為(wei)湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren),歿于(yu)蘇州(zhou)(zhou)。以(yi)上記載紛紜岐異,莫(mo)衷一(yi)是(shi)(shi)。概括而(er)言(yan)(yan),莫(mo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding)名(ming)起(qi)炎,月(yue)(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)(ding)為(wei)其(qi)字或(huo)號(hao)。浙江吳(wu)(wu)興(xing)(今湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)市)人(ren)(ren)。或(huo)謂川,或(huo)曰苕(tiao)溪,或(huo)言(yan)(yan)歸安,皆在(zai)吳(wu)(wu)興(xing)境內。至(zhi)于(yu)生(sheng)卒(zu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)及(ji)壽數,已難(nan)確定,大(da)約是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)于(yu)南(nan)宋理宗(zong)寶慶(1225—1227年(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,卒(zu)于(yu)元世祖至(zhi)元末(1290—1294年(nian)(nian)(nian))。
莫月(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)出身宦族,祖(zu)、父在宋時(shi)皆為(wei)顯(xian)官。幼習科舉,三試不(bu)(bu)利,乃(nai)(nai)棄家為(wei)道(dao)(dao)士。初入四川(chuan)青城山丈人(ren)(ren)(ren)觀(guan),從(cong)徐(xu)無(wu)極受五(wu)雷(lei)(lei)法(fa)。又聞南豐鄒鐵(tie)壁得王文(wen)卿斬勘(kan)雷(lei)(lei)書,秘不(bu)(bu)外傳,乃(nai)(nai)委身童隸事之,終獲(huo)受其(qi)(qi)《九天雷(lei)(lei)晶隱(yin)書》。于(yu)是“召雷(lei)(lei)雨,破鬼魅,動(dong)與六合。雖(sui)喜笑(xiao)怒(nu)罵,皆若有(you)神(shen)物從(cong)之者。”(6)因此名(ming)重(zhong)當時(shi)。對(dui)此,《仙鑒續編》亦(yi)曰:“生而(er)(er)聰慧(hui),英(ying)敏過人(ren)(ren)(ren),酷慕道(dao)(dao)法(fa)神(shen)仙家之說(shuo),乃(nai)(nai)與同郡西 沈震雷(lei)(lei)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren),同師事鐵(tie)壁鄒真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren),得侍(shi)宸王真(zhen)君《九天雷(lei)(lei)晶隱(yin)書》,由(you)是名(ming)著當時(shi)。至若會稽混融(rong)韓公,錢塘楊和玉蟾(chan)川(chuan)諸公,望(wang)重(zhong)當代(dai),為(wei)道(dao)(dao)法(fa)所宗,皆炷香座下,由(you)是道(dao)(dao)法(fa)愈(yu)重(zhong)。真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)落魄無(wu)家,隨所寓而(er)(er)止(zhi)焉,求其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)者甚(shen)眾(zhong)。往(wang)往(wang)遺世絕俗離(li)倫,飲(yin)酒輒醉,自(zi)樂天真(zhen)。其(qi)(qi)接門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多(duo)致叱咤,試其(qi)(qi)誠怠之心而(er)(er)進止(zhi)之,有(you)不(bu)(bu)堪(kan)者中道(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)廢。”(7)據(ju)宋廉《莫月(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)傳碑》言,宋理宗寶佑戊午(1258年),浙(zhe)河東(dong)大旱,馬(ma)廷鸞方守紹興,迎至月(yue)(yue)鼎(ding),月(yue)(yue)鼎(ding)建(jian)壇(tan)禱之,雨立至。理宗聞之,賜(si)詩(shi)一章,謂(wei)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)神(shen)仙。《蘇(su)州府(fu)志》亦(yi)說(shuo):“精于(yu)持(chi)練(lian),動(dong)與神(shen)合,時(shi)憤世嫉(ji)邪(xie),托狂于(yu)酒,信筆涂墨,出詭秘語,人(ren)(ren)(ren)莫能曉。寶佑秋,越守馬(ma)光祖(zu)致之禱雨,雨應聲至。理宗賜(si)詩(shi)贊。”
入元,世(shi)祖至元己丑(chou)(1289年),遣御史中丞崔求(qiu)(qiu)異人(ren)于(yu)(yu)江南,物色獲之(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)祖召見于(yu)(yu)灤京內殿(dian)。問曰(yue)(yue):“可(ke)聞雷(lei)呼(hu)?“月鼎對曰(yue)(yue):“可(ke)。”即取胡(hu)桃擲地,雷(lei)應聲而(er)(er)發,震撼殿(dian)庭,世(shi)祖為之(zhi)(zhi)改容(rong)。復命請雨,雨立(li)致(zhi)。或(huo)謂令祈雪,立(li)驗。世(shi)祖大悅,厚賜之(zhi)(zhi),不受。尋(xun)有(you)(you)旨俾掌道(dao)教事(shi),則以(yi)(yi)老(lao)耄(mao)辭。遂給驛(yi)南旋(xuan)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)踵(zhong)門(men)(men)求(qiu)(qiu)授(shou)道(dao)者(zhe)益眾,有(you)(you)疾患求(qiu)(qiu)治者(zhe),或(huo)書符與(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi),或(huo)噓(xu)氣授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi),“無不立(li)驗”,人(ren)常稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為“莫真(zhen)官”。世(shi)祖至元末(mo)逝(shi)世(shi)于(yu)(yu)蘇(su)州。所得王(wang)文卿(qing)秘籍(ji),一(yi)如(ru)鄒鐵壁,不輕授(shou)人(ren)。得其(qi)傳(chuan)者(zhe),唯王(wang)繼華與(yu)(yu)(yu)潘無涯。“繼華授(shou)張(zhang)善(shan)淵(yuan),善(shan)淵(yuan)授(shou)步宗(zong)浩,宗(zong)浩授(shou)周玄真(zhen),皆解狎雷(lei)致(zhi)雨云,而(er)(er)玄真(zhen)尤號(hao)偉特。”(8)《仙鑒續(xu)編》亦(yi)記載曰(yue)(yue):“至元丁(ding)亥(1287年)被(bei)召赴闕下(xia),符法闡(chan)楊,雷(lei)雨在指顧之(zhi)(zhi)間,一(yi)時名動京師,奔走后(hou)先者(zhe)如(ru)云如(ru)堵,有(you)(you)不遠千里及門(men)(men)而(er)(er)求(qiu)(qiu)道(dao)者(zhe),有(you)(you)奉束五十緡(min),師受之(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)日(ri)袖(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)去(qu),遇(yu)灑(sa)肆陋(lou)者(zhe)乃入,見貧寒者(zhe)濟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)老(lao)病孤弱者(zhe)必以(yi)(yi)物與(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi),及晡而(er)(er)還,緡(min)皆罄矣。門(men)(men)人(ren)中有(you)(you)道(dao)材法器者(zhe),輒循循以(yi)(yi)進之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)于(yu)(yu)雷(lei)霆之(zhi)(zhi)奧,發揚底蘊,開示來學者(zhe)多矣。使者(zhe)一(yi)符形(xing),每授(shou)門(men)(men)人(ren),各有(you)(you)不同,是(shi)乃真(zhen)人(ren)自(zi)立(li)法以(yi)(yi)證派源,考其(qi)玄徽,同歸一(yi)致(zhi)。自(zi)侍宸(chen)王(wang)真(zhen)君演(yan)道(dao)以(yi)(yi)來,惟(wei)真(zhen)人(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)林(lin)土沈真(zhen)人(ren)二派,支流(liu)衍(yan)迤(yi),盛于(yu)(yu)西(xi)江,昌于(yu)(yu)東吳,扶(fu)教澤民,莫有(you)(you)甚焉。”(9)
莫(mo)月鼎(ding)(ding)所傳弟(di)子(zi)王(wang)繼華、潘無涯(ya)之事跡(ji)不(bu)詳,王(wang)繼華的弟(di)子(zi)張(zhang)善(shan)淵(yuan)卻大有名聲。莫(mo)月鼎(ding)(ding)徒(tu)裔(yi)中,還有金善(shan)信(xin)。曾受(shou)知于天師張(zhang)與材,起為廣德路道錄,仍提點仁(ren)壽觀。張(zhang)與材又薦于朝,賜號(hao)體仁(ren)守正弘道法師。
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