宋(song)德(de)(de)方（1183—1247），字廣道(dao)，號披云，萊州掖城(cheng)（今山(shan)東掖縣）人。宋(song)德(de)(de)方雖(sui)非山(shan)西籍人，但一生主要活動于晉(jin)地，在晉(jin)地傳播全真道(dao)教很有影響，他的宗教理論和實(shi)踐是三晉(jin)文(wen)化的有機構(gou)成部(bu)分。

宋德方(fang)很小就從劉長(chang)生(sheng)（即長(chang)生(sheng)子(zi)劉處玄）為(wei)道(dao)士，繼而師(shi)事丘處機(ji)(ji)，是元太(tai)祖十(shi)五年（1220年）隨丘處機(ji)(ji)西游(you)大雪山晉見成(cheng)吉(ji)思汗(han)的十(shi)八(ba)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)一。西游(you)歸來后(hou)，隨丘處機(ji)(ji)駐(zhu)燕(yan)京（今北京）之(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)春宮，為(wei)教門提點。元太(tai)宗九(jiu)年（1237年），遵其師(shi)丘處機(ji)(ji)的遺(yi)志和囑托，來到平陽(yang)玄都(dou)觀，總管刊刻(ke)《玄都(dou)道(dao)藏(zang)》，他(ta)親(qin)歷晉地的管州（今靜樂縣），上黨、太(tai)原、晉南(nan)等地，搜(sou)羅亡佚(yi)，歷時近十(shi)年，刊成(cheng)全藏(zang)。又在萊州神山開九(jiu)陰洞(dong)，建立道(dao)教言(yan)觀，成(cheng)為(wei)一代有(you)影響(xiang)的道(dao)教宗師(shi)，被尊為(wei)“天師(shi)”。乃(nai)馬真后(hou)稱制三年（1244年），即《玄都(dou)道(dao)藏(zang)》大功告成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)時，被賜(si)號“玄都(dou)至(zhi)道(dao)真人(ren)”。至(zhi)元七年（1270年），即他(ta)辭世后(hou)二十(shi)三年被追(zhui)贈為(wei)“玄通弘(hong)教披云真人(ren)”。著有(you)《樂全前后(hou)二集(ji)》。

清(qing)虛大(da)師(shi)(shi)宋(song)德方(fang)字(zi)廣道(dao)，萊州掖城人(ren)(ren)(ren)。先(xian)世(shi)以(yi)(yi)積(ji)善見稱。初生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，里人(ren)(ren)(ren)見其(qi)家祥(xiang)光照徹(che)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)定癸(gui)卯歲（1183）八月(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)，僅能言便(bian)好讀書，穎悟強記(ji)，識者謂(wei)是(shi)夙性(xing)薰習故在(zai)。年十(shi)二(er)，問(wen)其(qi)母曰(yue)(yue)：人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)死可(ke)得(de)(de)免乎(hu)？母曰(yue)(yue)：汝(ru)(ru)問(wen)神仙(xian)劉真人(ren)(ren)(ren)去。時(shi)(shi)(shi)長生劉宗(zong)師(shi)(shi)闡教于(yu)(yu)(yu)武官，于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)師(shi)(shi)明日(ri)(ri)徑往(wang)。長生一(yi)(yi)(yi)見，愛其(qi)骨(gu)格(ge)清(qing)秀，音(yin)吐不(bu)凡(fan)，留侍幾杖，于(yu)(yu)(yu)灑掃應(ying)(ying)對之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，憤悱郁(yu)積(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，投以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)法而啟發(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。師(shi)(shi)既得(de)(de)指授，朝(chao)夕充養(yang)，未始少息(xi)，后得(de)(de)度于(yu)(yu)(yu)玉陽，占(zhan)道(dao)士籍(ji)。迨長生仙(xian)去，事(shi)(shi)(shi)長春(chun)(chun)(chun)宗(zong)師(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)棲霞。儒經(jing)道(dao)典(dian)，如(ru)：易，老(lao)，中(zhong)庸，大(da)學(xue)，莊，列等(deng)書尤(you)所(suo)酷好。雖詩，書，子史亦罔(wang)不(bu)涉躐，于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)采其(qi)窮理盡性(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)，涵(han)泳踐(jian)履，潛(qian)通默識，光明洞(dong)達，動與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui)，其(qi)日(ri)(ri)新(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，固已不(bu)可(ke)掩矣。庚(geng)辰春(chun)(chun)(chun)（1220）正(zheng)月(yue)，元太祖(zu)遣近侍劉仲祿，起長春(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濱，選其(qi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)侍行者一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)，師(shi)(shi)其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。還燕，住(zhu)(zhu)長春(chun)(chun)(chun)宮，是(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)從長春(chun)(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾皆躬(gong)勤勞，師(shi)(shi)獨泰然，以(yi)(yi)琴(qin)書自娛。有(you)評(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)長春(chun)(chun)(chun)者，長春(chun)(chun)(chun)拒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：汝(ru)(ru)等(deng)勿呶呶，斯人(ren)(ren)(ren)已后扶宗(zong)翊教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)業，汝(ru)(ru)等(deng)皆不(bu)可(ke)及(ji)。長春(chun)(chun)(chun)亦嘗私謂(wei)師(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：汝(ru)(ru)緣(yuan)當(dang)在(zai)西南(nan)。師(shi)(shi)因語及(ji)道(dao)經(jing)泯滅宜為(wei)恢(hui)復(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。長春(chun)(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)：茲事(shi)(shi)(shi)體甚(shen)大(da)，我則不(bu)暇(xia)兼，冥冥中(zhong)自有(you)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，他日(ri)(ri)爾當(dang)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。仍授以(yi)(yi)披(pi)(pi)云子號(hao)(hao)。及(ji)長春(chun)(chun)(chun)羽化(hua)(hua)，清(qing)和嗣典(dian)教事(shi)(shi)(shi)，令師(shi)(shi)提點(dian)教門，一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉一(yi)(yi)(yi)動，無偏私而有(you)規(gui)制，內(nei)外道(dao)流(liu)莫(mo)不(bu)心服(fu)。癸(gui)巳(si)（1233）大(da)丞相胡(hu)天祿，時(shi)(shi)(shi)行臺(tai)河東(dong)，請主(zhu)醮(jiao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。甲午(wu)（1234）游太原西山，得(de)(de)古(gu)昊天觀故址，有(you)二(er)石洞(dong)，皆道(dao)像(xiang)儼存，壁間有(you)“宋(song)童”二(er)字(zi)。師(shi)(shi)修葺三年，殿閣崢嶸，金(jin)(jin)碧(bi)丹雘(huo)。丁酉(you)（1237）復(fu)主(zhu)平(ping)陽醮(jiao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，因于(yu)(yu)(yu)玄(xuan)(xuan)都(dou)(dou)觀思(si)及(ji)長春(chun)(chun)(chun)昔(xi)日(ri)(ri)堂(tang)下有(you)“藏(zang)經(jing)大(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)我則不(bu)暇(xia)他日(ri)(ri)汝(ru)(ru)其(qi)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”及(ji)“汝(ru)(ru)緣(yuan)當(dang)在(zai)西南(nan)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語。私念，長春(chun)(chun)(chun)君以(yi)(yi)神化(hua)(hua)天運之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力，發(fa)而為(wei)前知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙，凡(fan)有(you)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)先(xian)，莫(mo)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)后。遂與門下通真子秦志安等(deng)謀為(wei)鋟木(mu)流(liu)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計。丞相胡(hu)公聞(wen)而悅(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，傾白金(jin)(jin)千(qian)兩(liang)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)創始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費。即授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通真子于(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)陽玄(xuan)(xuan)都(dou)(dou)觀總其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)。又于(yu)(yu)(yu)萊州神山開九(jiu)陽洞(dong)及(ji)建立(li)宮觀，自燕至(zhi)秦晉凡(fan)四(si)十(shi)余區。辛丑（1241）會(hui)葬(zang)重陽于(yu)(yu)(yu)祖(zu)庵(an)。癸(gui)卯（1243）自甘棠來永(yong)樂鎮拜謁(ye)純(chun)陽祠，見其(qi)荒蕪狹隘，師(shi)(shi)乃招集道(dao)眾住(zhu)(zhu)持。后雖經(jing)真常(chang)李(li)公奏(zou)請朝(chao)命大(da)行興(xing)建，師(shi)(shi)實為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)張本。甲辰（1244）春(chun)(chun)(chun)來終南(nan)祖(zu)庭應(ying)(ying)皇(huang)子闊端大(da)王(wang)醮(jiao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，醮(jiao)竟例(li)賜“玄(xuan)(xuan)都(dou)(dou)至(zhi)道(dao)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)”號(hao)(hao)。是(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)藏(zang)經(jing)勝緣(yuan)俱已斷手，閑(xian)居雪(xue)堂(tang)，日(ri)(ri)與耆年宿德相會(hui)談道(dao)。丁未（1247）冬十(shi)月(yue)十(shi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)，沐浴更衣，示微疾(ji)而逝于(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)居待(dai)鶴亭，春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋六十(shi)有(you)五。葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)宮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仙(xian)蛻園。平(ping)生所(suo)作詩文目曰(yue)(yue)《樂全前后二(er)集》行于(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)。戊申（1248）冬，門人(ren)(ren)(ren)遷仙(xian)柩(jiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)河東(dong)永(yong)樂鎮純(chun)陽宮葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)元庚(geng)午(wu)歲（1270）春(chun)(chun)(chun)三月(yue)圣旨追贈(zeng)(zeng)“通玄(xuan)(xuan)弘(hong)教披(pi)(pi)云真人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。至(zhi)大(da)三年（1310）加(jia)贈(zeng)(zeng)“玄(xuan)(xuan)都(dou)(dou)至(zhi)道(dao)崇(chong)文明化(hua)(hua)大(da)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。

宋(song)(song)德方(fang)主(zhu)持刊行的(de)《玄(xuan)(xuan)都寶(bao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》，是(shi)(shi)他一(yi)生中(zhong)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)業績，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)他對(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)文化(hua)的(de)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)貢獻。道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)典(dian)籍的(de)雕板，始于五代，而(er)全(quan)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)付(fu)刊，則在(zai)(zai)宋(song)(song)代徽宗(zong)(zong)的(de)政和(he)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)。從政和(he)道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)經(jing)板，至金(jin)(jin)代尚存(cun)，但已殘闕。金(jin)(jin)章宗(zong)(zong)明(ming)昌元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1190），孫明(ming)道(dao)(dao)刊成(cheng)《大金(jin)(jin)玄(xuan)(xuan)都寶(bao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》，泰(tai)和(he)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1202）在(zai)(zai)燕京的(de)天長觀毀于火，經(jing)板被焚(fen)，在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)末，各處(chu)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)亦多(duo)毀于兵火。元(yuan)初，由于全(quan)國(guo)形成(cheng)統(tong)一(yi)局面，又由于全(quan)真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)處(chu)于鼎盛(sheng)期，道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)上(shang)層(ceng)人物醞釀著整理輯刻(ke)道(dao)(dao)家典(dian)籍。丘處(chu)機(ji)在(zai)(zai)世時，就曾言及(ji)“自己無暇，他日宋(song)(song)德方(fang)當此(ci)任”之事，丘處(chu)機(ji)卒后，清和(he)真(zhen)人尹志平(ping)為全(quan)真(zhen)教(jiao)主(zhu)，他在(zai)(zai)元(yuan)太宗(zong)(zong)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1235）九月(yue)到達(da)平(ping)陽(yang)（今(jin)山(shan)西臨汾(fen)），命在(zai)(zai)平(ping)陽(yang)的(de)宋(song)(song)德方(fang)披云率(lv)眾(zhong)鏤道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)板。宋(song)(song)德方(fang)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)志安、何志淵的(de)協助下據管(guan)州（今(jin)山(shan)西靜樂縣）所藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)金(jin)(jin)刻(ke)，搜羅遺逸道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)，校讎(chou)付(fu)刊的(de)。金(jin)(jin)代管(guan)州庋有道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)，當即(ji)(ji)(ji)《大金(jin)(jin)玄(xuan)(xuan)都寶(bao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》，此(ci)處(chu)道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)末時未亡(wang)毀，宋(song)(song)德方(fang)即(ji)(ji)(ji)據此(ci)修刊元(yuan)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)。宋(song)(song)德方(fang)總領(ling)編(bian)修《玄(xuan)(xuan)都道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》之事，始于丁酉(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)即(ji)(ji)(ji)元(yuan)太宗(zong)(zong)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1237），迄于甲(jia)辰年(nian)(nian)(nian)即(ji)(ji)(ji)元(yuan)乃馬真(zhen)皇(huang)后稱制三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1244），連同準(zhun)備階段，“始終十年(nian)(nian)(nian)，朝(chao)夕不倦，三洞靈文，號為完書”，受(shou)到很高的(de)評價，影響也(ye)很大。

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