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黃元吉《道德經講義》第十四章無象之象

德玄 2024-10-29 14:27:53

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  視(shi)之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見,名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)夷(yi);聽之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)聞,名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)希;搏之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得,名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)微。此(ci)三者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可致詰(jie),故(gu)混而(er)為一。其(qi)(qi)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)皦,其(qi)(qi)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)昧,繩(sheng)繩(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可名(ming),復歸于無物。是謂(wei)(wei)無狀(zhuang)之(zhi)狀(zhuang),無象之(zhi)象,是謂(wei)(wei)恍惚。迎之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見其(qi)(qi)首,隨之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見其(qi)(qi)名(ming)。執(zhi)古之(zhi)道,以御今(jin)之(zhi)有,能知古始,是謂(wei)(wei)道紀。


  大(da)凡天(tian)下(xia)事(shi)(shi),都要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)個(ge)統(tong)緒(xu),始(shi)能(neng)提綱(gang)挈領,有(you)(you)(you)(you)條不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)紊。況修道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)乎?且夫大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan),即(ji)真(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye);真(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),即(ji)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)也(ye)(ye)。何(he)謂(wei)真(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)?《詩》曰(yue)(yue):”維天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,于(yu)(yu)穆(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已”。何(he)謂(wei)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)根(gen)源(yuan)?《詩》曰(yue)(yue):”上(shang)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)載,無(wu)聲無(wu)臭”。理(li)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)合一(yi)(yi)(yi)即(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)。修士若認得(de)這個(ge)紀(ji)(ji)綱(gang),尋(xun)出這個(ge)端倪(ni),以理(li)節情,以義定(ding)性,以虛無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)根(gen)本,長生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)得(de)矣(yi)(yi)。如以清清朗朗明(ming)(ming)明(ming)(ming)白(bai)白(bai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修,吾(wu)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)真(zhen)際,修亦(yi)(yi)(yi)徒勞也(ye)(ye)。太(tai)(tai)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以狀(zhuang)(zhuang)先天(tian)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曰(yue)(yue):”視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見,曰(yue)(yue)夷;聽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞,曰(yue)(yue)希(xi)(xi);搏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de),曰(yue)(yue)微(wei)。”夫心(xin)通竅于(yu)(yu)目(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye),目(mu)(mu)藏神(shen)(shen)(shen)。腎通竅于(yu)(yu)耳(er)也(ye)(ye),耳(er)藏精。脾(pi)通竅于(yu)(yu)四(si)肢(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)——四(si)肢(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)脾(pi),脾(pi)屬(shu)土(tu),土(tu)生(sheng)萬物,真(zhen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)焉(yan)。即(ji)精神(shen)(shen)(shen)寓(yu)焉(yan)。若目(mu)(mu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)見,耳(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)聞,手有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)動作(zuo),皆(jie)后(hou)(hou)天(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)有(you)(you)(you)(you)聲有(you)(you)(you)(you)臭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精氣(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen),只可(ke)以成形(xing)(xing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以成道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。惟視無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)見,則(ze)(ze)先天(tian)木(mu)性也(ye)(ye);聽無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)聞,則(ze)(ze)先天(tian)金(jin)情也(ye)(ye);搏無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de),則(ze)(ze)先天(tian)意土(tu)也(ye)(ye)。故曰(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)火土(tu),生(sheng)形(xing)(xing)者也(ye)(ye);先天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)木(mu)土(tu),成仙者也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)曰(yue)(yue)夷、曰(yue)(yue)希(xi)(xi)、曰(yue)(yue)微(wei)者,皆(jie)幽(you)深(shen)玄遠(yuan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)捉摸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei),真(zhen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)窮詰(jie)者焉(yan)。能(neng)合五氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),混(hun)三(san)元為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)元,則(ze)(ze)真(zhen)元一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在是(shi)(shi),天(tian)然(ran)主(zhu)宰(zai)(zai)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)在是(shi)(shi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以《悟(wu)真(zhen)》云:”女子著青衣(yi)(火生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)),郎君披(pi)素練(lian)(水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)金(jin))。見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)用(yong)(后(hou)(hou)天(tian)水(shui)(shui)火土(tu)),用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)見(先天(tian)木(mu)金(jin)土(tu))。恍(huang)(huang)(huang)惚(hu)里相逢(混(hun)而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)),杳冥中有(you)(you)(you)(you)變。霎時火焰飛(fei),真(zhen)人自(zi)出現。”修士知(zhi)此,即(ji)知(zhi)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan),修道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)矣(yi)(yi)。若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)始(shi)于(yu)(yu)虛無(wu),執(zhi)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)身尸(shi)穢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),雜妄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen),生(sheng)明(ming)(ming)覺(jue)心(xin),作(zuo)了照想,吾(wu)恐藏蓄不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen),發皇(huang)安(an)暢?此煉(lian)精煉(lian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)煉(lian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)離乎混(hun)沌焉(yan)。既混(hun)沌,久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)胎嬰(ying)長,陽(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)——而(er)其(qi)間(jian)育胎養神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi),即(ji)前章(zhang)愛(ai)民(min)治國(guo)行無(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)。陽(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)出入(ru),運行自(zi)然(ran),時而(er)神(shen)(shen)(shen)朝于(yu)(yu)上(shang),則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)上(shang),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)皦也(ye)(ye)。時而(er)神(shen)(shen)(shen)斂(lian)于(yu)(yu)下(xia),則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忽其(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藏下(xia),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)昧也(ye)(ye)。由此綿(mian)綿(mian)密(mi)(mi)密(mi)(mi),繼(ji)繼(ji)繩繩,無(wu)可(ke)名狀(zhuang)(zhuang),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),仍還當年父(fu)母未生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,渾然(ran)無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物事(shi)(shi)。《易》曰(yue)(yue):”洗(xi)心(xin)退(tui)藏于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)”,是(shi)(shi)其(qi)旨矣(yi)(yi)!故云復歸于(yu)(yu)無(wu)物。雖然(ran)無(wu)物也(ye)(ye),而(er)天(tian)下(xia)萬事(shi)(shi)萬物,皆(jie)自(zi)此無(wu)中生(sheng)來(lai),太(tai)(tai)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),無(wu)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)究有(you)(you)(you)(you)何(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)何(he)象哉?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)恍(huang)(huang)(huang)恍(huang)(huang)(huang)惚(hu)惚(hu)中偶得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。果然(ran)恍(huang)(huang)(huang)惚(hu),真(zhen)元即(ji)生(sheng)。迎(ying)其(qi)機而(er)導(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),殆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見其(qi)從(cong)何(he)而(er)起,是(shi)(shi)前不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見其(qi)首也(ye)(ye);隨其(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見其(qi)從(cong)何(he)而(er)終,是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見其(qi)尾也(ye)(ye)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浩(hao)浩(hao)如此。此不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)周沙界(jie),細(xi)入(ru)毫芒者乎?是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye),何(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)?乃元始(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),人身官骸(hai)真(zhen)宰(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)。得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)生(sheng),失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)死;完則(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人,歉則(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)發只毫厘間(jian)耳(er)。學人得(de)此元始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),調攝乎五官百骸(hai),則(ze)(ze)毛發精瑩,肌(ji)膚細(xi)膩,是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)執(zhi)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),以御今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)者此也(ye)(ye)。人能(neng)認得(de)此開(kai)天(tian)辟(pi)地太(tai)(tai)古未有(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元始(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)身綱(gang)紀(ji)(ji)、萬事(shi)(shi)主(zhu)腦,斯(si)體立而(er)用(yong)自(zi)行,本正而(er)末自(zi)端矣(yi)(yi)。倘(tang)學人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以元始(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本,欲修正覺(jue),反(fan)墮(duo)旁門,可(ke)悲也(ye)(ye)夫!


此狀(zhuang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體,學道(dao)(dao)人(ren)會(hui)得(de)此體,方有(you)(you)下手(shou)工夫(fu)。若(ruo)真一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi),是先(xian)天(tian)性命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源,非后天(tian)精氣(qi)神(shen)可(ke)(ke)比。欲見命(ming)氣(qi),必將性真融成一(yi)片,始(shi)得(de)真一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)。第(di)此氣(qi)渾(hun)渾(hun)淪(lun)淪(lun),浩浩蕩蕩,雖無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)象可(ke)(ke)形,而(er)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)象有(you)(you)形者,皆從(cong)此無(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)象中出,誠(cheng)為大道(dao)(dao)紀綱,天(tian)地人(ren)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)本也(ye)。道(dao)(dao)曰(yue)守中,佛曰(yue)觀空,儒曰(yue)慎獨(du)(du),要(yao)(yao)皆同一(yi)功用。故自(zi)人(ren)視(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)睹無(wu)(wu)聞(wen),而(er)自(zi)家(jia)了照(zhao),卻(que)又至虛(xu)至實,至無(wu)(wu)至有(you)(you)。所以(yi)(yi)子思曰(yue):”莫(mo)見乎(hu)隱,莫(mo)顯乎(hu)微(wei)。”君子慎獨(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,誠(cheng)無(wu)(wu)息也(ye)。要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隱微(wei)幽獨(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,雖有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)顯可(ke)(ke)據,而(er)大道(dao)(dao)根(gen)源,只是希夷(yi)微(wei)妙,無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)狀(zhuang)而(er)狀(zhuang),無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)象而(er)象,極其渾(hun)穆(mu)。學道(dao)(dao)人(ren)總要(yao)(yao)于(yu)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未生(sheng),恍(huang)惚(hu)以(yi)(yi)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既產,恍(huang)惚(hu)以(yi)(yi)迎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸爐(lu)入鼎,恍(huang)惚(hu)以(yi)(yi)保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、養之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),絕不(bu)起大明覺心,庶幾無(wu)(wu)時無(wu)(wu)處而(er)不(bu)得(de)大道(dao)(dao)歸源焉。前言陽(yang)神(shen)出現,明天(tian)察地,通玄達(da)微(wei),及了悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候,光(guang)明景界,純任自(zi)然,有(you)(you)知若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)知,有(you)(you)覺若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)覺——況下手(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,可(ke)(ke)不(bu)恍(huang)恍(huang)惚(hu)惚(hu),死人(ren)心以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)道(dao)(dao)心乎(hu)?


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