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黃元吉《道德經講義》第四章和光同塵

德玄 2024-10-29 09:54:54

第四章和光同塵


  道(dao)沖而用之(zhi),或不盈,淵兮(xi)似(si)萬物之(zhi)宗。挫其(qi)銳(rui),解(jie)其(qi)紛,和其(qi)光(guang),同其(qi)塵。湛兮(xi),似(si)若存。吾不知誰家子,象帝之(zhi)先。


《道德經》:人生不可違背的三條天規,誠心踐行,富貴可期!__鳳凰網


  帝者,上帝也(ye)。先者,無始之始也(ye)。


道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)何(he)(he)(he)?太(tai)和(he)一(yi)(yi)氣(qi),充滿乾坤,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量包乎天地(di),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)貫(guan)乎古今,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德暨乎九州萬國(guo)。胎(tai)卵濕化,飛潛動(dong)植之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類,無(wu)在(zai)(zai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)何(he)(he)(he)如(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)?顧(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)體也(ye)(ye),空(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)洞(dong)洞(dong),渾無(wu)一(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu),若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見,為(wei)(wei)有余;及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)用,沖和(he)在(zai)(zai)抱,施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)此(ci)宜,措之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彼而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)彼當。《詩》曰(yue):”左(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);右(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”真(zhen)若百川朝海,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)海不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見盈(ying)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)誠為(wei)(wei)萬物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗旨(zhi)哉?孔子曰(yue):”鬼神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)德,休物(wu)(wu)無(wu)遺。”又曰(yue):”語小莫(mo)破,語大(da)莫(mo)載。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)浩(hao)浩(hao)淵淵,實有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可窮究者(zhe)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)難(nan)狀如(ru)(ru)此(ci),后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)又從(cong)(cong)何(he)(he)(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)修(xiu)乎?太(tai)上慈憫凡(fan)(fan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),乃指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要曰(yue):凡(fan)(fan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)入道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe),皆由(you)才智之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),自(zi)(zi)(zi)恃自(zi)(zi)(zi)恣,任意縱(zong)橫,于(yu)(yu)以錮(gu)蔽(bi)虛(xu)靈而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見耳。茲欲修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),須知(zhi)聰(cong)明智慧(hui),皆為(wei)(wei)障道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魔,從(cong)(cong)此(ci)黜(chu)聰(cong)墮明,屏其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耳目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私,悉(xi)歸混沌,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)切矜才恃智,傲物(wu)(wu)凌(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銳(rui)氣(qi),概挫折而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)存,則(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心死而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)心生(sheng)(sheng),知(zhi)見滅(mie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)慧(hui)見昭矣(yi)。先儒(ru)謂:聰(cong)明才智之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足畏,惟(wei)沉(chen)潛入道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、澄心觀(guan)理者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)可畏,斯言不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)誠然乎?修(xiu)行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務以沉(chen)神(shen)(shen)汰慮(lv)、寡欲清心為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。那(nei)知(zhi)覺(jue)思慮(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)、惡妄雜偽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)念,紛紛擾擾,此(ci)念未(wei)(wei)(wei)休,彼念又起,前思未(wei)(wei)(wei)息,后(hou)思又來(lai)。我必(bi)(bi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)勸自(zi)(zi)(zi)勉,自(zi)(zi)(zi)寬自(zi)(zi)(zi)解——如(ru)(ru)亂(luan)絲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糾纏,我必(bi)(bi)尋其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)頭緒而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);若蔓草(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荒蕪,我必(bi)(bi)拔其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)根株而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)(ru)此(ci)則(ze)紛紜悉(xi)解,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)天君常泰矣(yi)。雖(sui)然,此(ci)獨居習靜(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,猶未(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)于(yu)(yu)鬧(nao)處也(ye)(ye)。茍(gou)能(neng)靜(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)動(dong),猶是無(wu)本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學。必(bi)(bi)靜(jing)時省察,一(yi)(yi)到熱鬧(nao)場中,尤要競(jing)競(jing)致慎!凡(fan)(fan)事讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以先,我處其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou),尊人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以上,我甘自(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。若此(ci)則(ze)與(yu)(yu)世無(wu)忤,與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)爭(zheng)焉。又況好同(tong)惡異(yi),世俗(su)大(da)體皆然。我惟(wei)有隨波逐流,從(cong)(cong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),雖(sui)有光(guang)明正大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)懷,我決不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)露其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)圭角。惟(wei)有默識(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機,暗持其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體,同(tong)己(ji)者(zhe)好之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),異(yi)己(ji)者(zhe)聽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)以魯人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獵較,孔子亦獵較。古圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)當大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)未(wei)(wei)(wei)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以此(ci)混俗(su)也(ye)(ye)。又觀(guan)六(liu)祖得衣缽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)果雖(sui)圓,尚(shang)未(wei)(wei)(wei)盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)微妙,由(you)是留形住世,積功了道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),隱于(yu)(yu)四會(hui)山中,獵夫與(yu)(yu)居,恬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)怪,所(suo)以得免于(yu)(yu)難(nan)。若非和(he)光(guang)同(tong)塵,烏能(neng)長(chang)保其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身?由(you)此(ci)動(dong)靜(jing)交修(xiu),常變(bian)有權,則(ze)本來(lai)一(yi)(yi)點湛寂(ji)虛(xu)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體,自(zi)(zi)(zi)然常常在(zai)(zai)抱,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又非果在(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye):若有所(suo)在(zai)(zai),若有所(suo)存,卻無(wu)所(suo)存,一(yi)(yi)片(pian)靈光(guang),閃灼于(yu)(yu)金庭(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。此(ci)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)究何(he)(he)(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)哉?生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先,混于(yu)(yu)虛(xu)無(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)從(cong)(cong)何(he)(he)(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)來(lai)、從(cong)(cong)何(he)(he)(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去,究為(wei)(wei)誰氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也(ye)(ye)?經(jing)曰(yue)”有物(wu)(wu)混成,先天地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)斯為(wei)(wei)大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄妙歟?!帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先有何(he)(he)(he)象(xiang)?亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過混沌未(wei)(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai),鴻(hong)濛未(wei)(wei)(wei)判,清空(kong)(kong)一(yi)(yi)氣(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)矣(yi)。迨一(yi)(yi)元(yuan)方兆,萬象(xiang)回春(chun),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)發散于(yu)(yu)天地(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)從(cong)(cong)窺測,修(xiu)士(shi)欲明道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體,請于(yu)(yu)天地(di)將(jiang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai),未(wei)(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)忽開(kai)(kai)(kai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)揣度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),則(ze)得道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)手不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)患無(wu)基矣(yi)。


  太上(shang)將(jiang)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti),畫個(ge)樣(yang)子(zi)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)看(kan),又(you)教體(ti)道(dao)(dao)者欲修大道(dao)(dao),先認(ren)道(dao)(dao)源。欲尋道(dao)(dao)源,先從(cong)自家心性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)閑邪存(cun)(cun)誠,自下學(xue)循(xun)循(xun)修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),久(jiu)則底于神化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域,方知(zhi)吾心性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)有(you)(you)至道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精,常(chang)常(chang)不(bu)離懷抱也。須從(cong)靜中(zhong)尋出端倪,用存(cun)(cun)養(yang)(yang)省察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),以保守天真(zhen),不(bu)以盛氣凌人(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)以繁冗亂性(xing)(xing),即(ji)張子(zi)所謂(wei)解(jie)脫(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私也。撥開(kai)云(yun)霧,洞見青天;軒斷葛(ge)藤(teng),獨露(lu)真(zhen)面。一(yi)旦動與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)交,不(bu)知(zhi)有(you)(you)光(guang)埋光(guang),在塵(chen)(chen)混塵(chen)(chen),或顯才(cai)智,或炫功(gong)能,抑或現(xian)煙(yan)霞泉石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身,露(lu)清致高(gao)標(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態,歷(li)觀(guan)往古,惹禍招災,為大道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)者不(bu)少(shao)。如漢朝常(chang)錮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin),晉時(shi)清流(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禍,雖緣小人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奸,亦(yi)由己不(bu)知(zhi)明(ming)哲(zhe)保身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也。人(ren)(ren)(ren)能混俗和光(guang),與(yu)世同(tong)塵(chen)(chen),一(yi)若靈芝與(yu)眾草為伍,鳳凰偕群(qun)鳥并飛,不(bu)聞其(qi)香(xiang)而(er)(er)益香(xiang),不(bu)見其(qi)高(gao)而(er)(er)益高(gao)。如是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)拙(zhuo),如是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)養(yang)(yang),則湛(zhan)寂真(zhen)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),則恍惚(hu)于眉目間,不(bu)存(cun)(cun)而(er)(er)若存(cun)(cun),有(you)(you)象(xiang)而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)象(xiang)。《中(zhong)庸》云(yun):”上(shang)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)載,無(wu)(wu)聲無(wu)(wu)臭”,至矣!非居帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先而(er)(er)何?


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