傷寒辨(bian)要(yao)箋記(ji)--程門雪(xue)
此(ci)箸,余閱之(zhi),其(qi)議論尚(shang)中正,有可取,又分門類亦簡括,故依(yi)其(qi)目而節(jie)錄(lu)其(qi)可取者,附載(zai)臆義(yi)于后,以為(wei)它(ta)日之(zhi)用焉。庚辰四(si)月門雪錄(lu)記。
辨六經
仲師舉傷寒而(er)括陰(yin)陽,建六(liu)經而(er)標病位,其論至簡(jian)至易,實為前古不刊之訓矣。
徐洄溪曰:欲讀傷寒(han)論,必先(xian)識六經之本證,然(ran)后論中(zhong)所言(yan)源(yuan)流變(bian)態,形證色脈,合(he)并疑似,用藥加(jia)減異同之故,可以曉然(ran),不致眩惑(huo)貽誤矣(yi)。
物(wu)茂仰曰:三(san)陽(yang)三(san)陰(yin),陽(yang)明厥陰(yin)之(zhi)說,與(yu)“易”之(zhi)老陽(yang)老陰(yin)有(you)別,蓋醫家(jia)一家(jia)言也。
賀(he)屋恭曰:史遷(qian)所記,既(ji)有(you)六經(jing)之目,而(er)與本書(shu)所設三(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)三(san)陽(yang)(yang)自別(bie),所謂三(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)三(san)陽(yang)(yang),因非經(jing)名也(ye)。《扁鵲(que)傳》好言(yan)臟(zang)腑,而(er)是書(shu)不言(yan)之,其立(li)論之意,大有(you)徑庭(ting)也(ye)。太陽(yang)(yang)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)太陰(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之言(yan),始見于《子華子》,《易言(yan)》四象(xiang),而(er)不分太少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)。三(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)三(san)陽(yang)(yang),他(ta)書(shu)無所見,是必醫家之所立(li),設以辨(bian)病體者也(ye)。
藤本(ben)廉曰(yue):三陰三陽之目,何謂而設?凡疾病有六等之差,而地位脈證不相同也。
吉益猷曰:三陰三陽(yang),皆因形狀所名之病(bing)名,而非六(liu)經之謂也,故終篇稱某病(bing),而無稱某經者可以知(zhi)矣。
雉(zhi)間煥曰:抑古人言稱六經,動及陰陽,其(qi)志蓋始(shi)于(yu)取譬,則區別其(qi)證(zheng)之目耳(er)。
淺也(ye)(ye)(ye)徽曰:傷寒所稱(cheng)三(san)陰三(san)陽者(zhe),即仲景所以標病位(wei)而分陰陽,故也(ye)(ye)(ye)單(dan)稱(cheng)為(wei)六部也(ye)(ye)(ye),后(hou)人以為(wei)經(jing)(jing)絡,其意不通。朱肱,王好古,陶華(hua)輩(bei),鑿鑿費解,多見(jian)其違(wei)道(dao)矣。夫以六經(jing)(jing)為(wei)經(jing)(jing)絡,則《素(su)問》之義。與(yu)標病位(wei)而分陰陽者(zhe),因別也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
雪按(an):淺田(tian)粟原翁曰:三陰三陽,諸(zhu)家(jia)皆主(zhu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)臟(zang)腑(fu),而各(ge)有異同(tong),畢竟穿鑿拘泥(ni),無效實用。上所錄者,即其(qi)所箸六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)考中征(zheng)引(yin)東(dong)國諸(zhu)家(jia)所論(lun)也(ye)。大(da)旨都謂(wei)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)借標病(bing)(bing)(bing)位(wei)(wei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)做(zuo)臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)解。復(fu)有中西唯中,山田(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)珍二家(jia),意也(ye)差(cha)同(tong),其(qi)說(shuo)已(yi)另錄,茲不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贅(zhui)。其(qi)大(da)旨均(jun)為(wei)傷(shang)寒(han)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)與《素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),《素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)》是(shi)言(yan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo),傷(shang)寒(han)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)本素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen),但假(jia)此以分(fen)表(biao)里之(zhi)部位(wei)(wei),配脈證以為(wei)之(zhi)統名也(ye)。山田(tian)又曰:以六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)立名,猶數(shu)(shu)家(jia)者流,以甲乙為(wei)記號(hao)耳。東(dong)國諸(zhu)家(jia)所言(yan)如此,幾(ji)若一說(shuo),余(yu)意不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然,六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)證表(biao)現與素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)主(zhu)病(bing)(bing)(bing),合(he)者十九,偶有一二未合(he)耳,謂(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必拘于臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)之(zhi)說(shuo)則(ze)(ze)尚(shang)可,謂(wei)必盡指(zhi)臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)之(zhi)說(shuo)則(ze)(ze)嬌枉(wang)過正(zheng)(zheng)矣(yi)。余(yu)以為(wei)言(yan)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)諸(zhu)家(jia)說(shuo)中,只程應旄《后條辨》贅(zhui)余(yu)數(shu)(shu)語為(wei)最合(he),最得(de)真理,蓋學識經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗并到之(zhi)警語也(ye)。其(qi)言(yan)曰:“素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)一病(bing)(bing)(bing)共具之(zhi)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(謂(wei)一病(bing)(bing)(bing)傳移于六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)時,所各(ge)具之(zhi)狀態(tai)也(ye)),仲(zhong)景之(zhi)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing),是(shi)異病(bing)(bing)(bing)分(fen)部之(zhi)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(謂(wei)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)各(ge)自為(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)也(ye)),素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)因(yin)熱病(bing)(bing)(bing)而原及六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing),仲(zhong)景是(shi)設六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)以盡賅眾病(bing)(bing)(bing)。”數(shu)(shu)語字字金玉,為(wei)諸(zhu)家(jia)所遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及。明乎此,則(ze)(ze)素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)與傷(shang)寒(han)之(zhi)同(tong)異處,(素(su)(su)(su)問(wen)(wen)(wen)熱論(lun)所言(yan)六(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)證,與傷(shang)寒(han)同(tong)者甚多(duo)也(ye))可以了然無礙,一以貫(guan)之(zhi)矣(yi)。
辨太陽病:
邪(xie)盛于表(biao),謂之太陽。蓋邪(xie)初(chu)犯表(biao),正氣不暢,屈而(er)為惡(e)寒(han),激而(er)為發(fa)熱(re),使血脈(mo)(mo)動惕(ti)逆(ni)行,是(shi)(shi)以顯脈(mo)(mo)浮,頭痛,項強,惡(e)寒(han)發(fa)熱(re)等(deng)證也。此病大(da)端有(you)二:一則其(qi)人腠理開疏,邪(xie)不內迫,徒泛漫肌肉,故脈(mo)(mo)浮緩汗(han)同,是(shi)(shi)如(ru)中風(feng),對傷(shang)寒(han)緊(jin)縮之邪(xie)而(er)稱(cheng),其(qi)輕(qing)者(zhe)耳。一則腠理緊(jin)閉(bi),邪(xie)氣怫郁,遂迫骨節,故脈(mo)(mo)浮緊(jin),無汗(han),骨節煩(fan)痛,是(shi)(shi)為傷(shang)寒(han),對中風(feng)散漫之邪(xie)而(er)稱(cheng),其(qi)重者(zhe)耳。此即表(biao)病之大(da)綱,而(er)桂枝麻黃之分也。
雪按(an):以(yi)下遍記太陽(yang)篇諸條方治,文(wen)多不(bu)錄,以(yi)無精彩處也。又按(an):太陽(yang)正病(bing)(bing)是大(da)(da)(da)青龍(long)湯,人所未曉,以(yi)桂(gui)枝麻黃(huang)證(zheng)用之(zhi),當(dang)可以(yi)一二劑解,未有變化續起也。大(da)(da)(da)青龍(long)則(ze)有麻黃(huang)之(zhi)外(wai)證(zheng),而內(nei)見(jian)煩躁,即(ji)原文(wen)所謂“脈靜者不(bu)傳,頗欲吐,煩躁脈數急,為傳也”之(zhi)傳證(zheng)是已。一起即(ji)有傳證(zheng),知(zhi)(zhi)其來勢鴟張(zhang),方興(xing)未艾。太陽(yang)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)小青龍(long),與少陽(yang)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)小柴胡,陽(yang)明之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)小承氣,同為三陽(yang)大(da)(da)(da)邪小邪,正病(bing)(bing)副候之(zhi)主要方治,人能知(zhi)(zhi)此意,則(ze)于(yu)原文(wen)所載,朗(lang)若觀星,明如(ru)印(yin)月矣。
辨陽明病:
陽明病(外之身(shen)(shen)熱,惡熱,潮熱,內之腹滿譫(zhan)(zhan)語,燥屎)所謂胃家實(shi)(shi)是也。胃熱散(san)漫,未結(jie)實(shi)(shi),脈(mo)洪大浮滑(hua),腹滿身(shen)(shen)重,譫(zhan)(zhan)語遺尿(niao),為(wei)白虎湯(tang)(tang),口干(gan)舌(she)燥者為(wei)白虎加人參湯(tang)(tang)。
胃熱結實者三治:一(yi):胃氣(qi)不(bu)和,惡熱心(xin)煩,為結實,調胃承(cheng)(cheng)氣(qi)湯(tang)。二(er):脈滑而(er)疾,譫語發潮熱,大(da)(da)便(bian)堅,腹大(da)(da)滿不(bu)通者,小承(cheng)(cheng)氣(qi)湯(tang),(第(di)二(er)條原有未(wei)致燥(zao)屎(shi)四(si)字(zi),不(bu)妥,故(gu)去之(zhi))。三:脈已實大(da)(da)遲,燥(zao)屎(shi)轉結,手足濈然汗出,身重短(duan)氣(qi),腹滿而(er)喘,譫語如見(jian)鬼狀者,為大(da)(da)承(cheng)(cheng)氣(qi)湯(tang)。
若不識人,循衣(yi)摸床,惕而不安,微(wei)喘(chuan)直(zhi)視(shi),為胃(wei)實之(zhi)熱,其脈弦者,精氣(qi)尚存,宜下之(zhi),若脈微(wei)澀,為精氣(qi)萎縮(suo)不振之(zhi)候。
此皆太陽(yang)(yang)少陽(yang)(yang)之(zhi)邪(xie)漸陷于胃者,其證屬(shu)緩下(xia)之(zhi)治。(雪按:大(da)承氣以下(xia)重(zhong)證,當移(yi)于下(xia)面正(zheng)病自發(fa)之(zhi)中為當。)若目中不了(le)(le)了(le)(le),睛(jing)不和,或(huo)汗多(duo),或(huo)腹滿(man)痛(tong)者,劇熱(re)迅傳,勢(shi)近危急,與少陰大(da)承氣證,同屬(shu)急下(xia)之(zhi)例。
雪按(an):上大承氣證下,腹滿(man)而喘,譫語如見鬼狀,循(xun)衣摸床云(yun)云(yun),均當移在此下。
此陽明(ming)之(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)治也(ye)(雪(xue)按:此則(ze)正(zheng)(zheng)陽明(ming)病(bing)自發重證,與移傳燥屎緩下之(zhi)候大殊,此見(jian)與余暗(an)合,故詳(xiang)錄之(zhi))
雪按:至太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)表(biao)證(zheng)未解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桂枝,麻黃湯,胸(xiong)脅滿而嘔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小柴(chai)胡湯,是太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)并病(bing),少陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)并病(bing),先治(zhi)太少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)也。梔子豉為陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)初治(zhi),介于(yu)表(biao)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,豬(zhu)苓湯非陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)文(wen),實(shi)(shi)引證(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li),淺田翁(weng)謂是陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁證(zheng),未盡合也。惟熱入血(xue)室,熱結膀胱,瘀熱發黃諸(zhu)證(zheng),乃真陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)旁證(zheng)耳。至外(wai)導諸(zhu)方,當例(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過汗移傳燥(zao)實(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),蓋即緩(huan)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至輕者(zhe)也。又(you)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)胃(wei)寒諸(zhu)條(tiao),是另言引證(zheng),以別(bie)于(yu)胃(wei)家(jia)實(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)病(bing)也,此陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)二字,但作胃(wei)腑解,與(yu)指胃(wei)家(jia)實(shi)(shi)熱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)大相懸殊,勿拘泥(ni)為一解也。
記曉嵐(lan)曰(yue):乾隆癸丑間(jian),京(jing)中(zhong)疫,以景岳法治(zhi),十(shi)死八九,以又可法治(zhi),亦不(bu)甚驗,桐城一醫(yi)以重劑(ji)石(shi)膏(gao)治(zhi)馮星寔(shi)(通是)之姬(ji)人,呼吸將(jiang)絕,應手輒(zhe)痊。有一劑(ji)用至八兩,一人服(fu)至四(si)斤(jin)者(zhe),踵其法者(zhe),活人無算(suan),考喜用石(shi)膏(gao),重過于(yu)明(ming)廖仲淳,本非(fei)中(zhong)道(dao),王懋竑(通宏字,意(yi)也(ye)(ye)通)白田集(ji),有石(shi)膏(gao)論,力辯其非(fei),不(bu)知何以取效如(ru)此?此也(ye)(ye)五運六氣適(shi)值其年,未可執為通例也(ye)(ye)。趙藜(li)村治(zhi)袁倉(cang)山(shan)陽明(ming)經署(shu)瘧,以石(shi)膏(gao)西瓜,見效亦同(tong)。(郭按:張(zhang)錫純說,石(shi)膏(gao)乃外感實熱(re)證之金(jin)丹,我于(yu)臨床中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)屢用得效,辨證真(zhen)確,不(bu)必(bi)疑慮。)
辨少陽病:
熱(re)稍去表,而(er)不(bu)專(zhuan)里,邪(xie)屯巡表里之間,邪(xie)氣不(bu)借物而(er)結,但與正氣更互分(fen)爭(zheng),留于胸脅而(er)上薰,為(wei)(wei)少(shao)陽病,唯小柴(chai)胡(hu)一方正為(wei)(wei)的對,故以(yi)往來(lai)寒熱(re),胸脅苦滿,默(mo)默(mo)不(bu)欲食,心煩(fan)喜嘔(ou)為(wei)(wei)本,以(yi)口(kou)苦,咽干,目(mu)眩為(wei)(wei)標,其來(lai)路必經太陽,(為(wei)(wei)柴(chai)胡(hu)加桂枝湯(tang),柴(chai)胡(hu)干姜湯(tang)之法所(suo)出(chu)也)其去路多歸陽明(ming)(大柴(chai)胡(hu),柴(chai)胡(hu)加芒硝(xiao)湯(tang)之法所(suo)由出(chu)也),其服柴(chai)胡(hu)已(yi)渴者,為(wei)(wei)屬陽明(ming),無(wu)大熱(re)而(er)煩(fan)躁(zao)者,為(wei)(wei)陷陰位也。
劉茝(chai)(郭按(an):茝(chai)音(yin) chai,古書上說的(de)一種(zhong)香(xiang)草,即(ji)“白芷(zhi)”,山茝(chai),藁本也。――《廣(guang)雅》)庭曰:吳(wu)又(you)可主疫(yi)邪自口鼻(bi)入,蓋膜原實少陽之(zhi)部(bu),而(er)達(da)原三消有(you)地方之(zhi)宜,或(huo)驗(yan)于(yu)今(jin)(jin)。然審(shen)其主證(zheng)(zheng),猶(you)不能出大小柴(chai)胡之(zhi)例也,想(xiang)當其時(shi),邪勢最厲,遽(ju)犯半表(biao)里,遂立此說耳。董氏(shi)《南塘感證(zheng)(zheng)》引傷(shang)寒(han)心法(fa)稱,見今(jin)(jin)世(shi)甚少太(tai)陽證(zheng)(zheng),其書適與吳(wu)氏(shi)時(shi)世(shi)相近,可以證(zheng)(zheng)矣。世(shi)有(you)墨守吳(wu)氏(shi)法(fa),忌用麻桂(gui),視柴(chai)胡為余熱(re)治(zhi)法(fa),故附識于(yu)茲。
雪按:小(xiao)柴治余熱甚(shen)隹,大(da)柴則(ze)不爾,人未(wei)辨別耳。大(da)柴實(shi)(shi)少陽主方(fang)也,《蘇沈良方(fang)》小(xiao)柴胡加減(jian)條曰:元佑二年(nian),時(shi)行,無(wu)長幼皆咳,服此(ci)(ci)(去參,大(da)棗,生姜,加五味子,干姜者)皆愈(yu),當時(shi)上壅痰實(shi)(shi),只依(yi)本方(fang),食后臥時(shi)服,甚(shen)妙(miao)。赤白痢尤效(xiao)(xiao),痢藥中無(wu)如此(ci)(ci)妙(miao)者,蓋(gai)痢多因伏署(shu),此(ci)(ci)藥極(ji)解署(shu)毒也。(雪按:治咳治痢有效(xiao)(xiao)可信,記以(yi)備(bei)對證(zheng)之用,唯謂此(ci)(ci)藥極(ji)解署(shu)毒,恐(kong)未(wei)必(bi)然耳。)
郭按(an):評語(yu)正確。回(hui)憶七十年代(dai),我(wo)(wo)(wo)在風西村(cun)時,當(dang)時正搞合作醫(yi)(yi)療,那年痢疾盛行,因痢疾多有(you)腹痛證(zheng)狀,我(wo)(wo)(wo)偶用(yong)(yong)痛瀉要方(fang)(fang)治一(yi)人(ren)(ren)得(de)效(xiao),當(dang)時我(wo)(wo)(wo)表(biao)哥也當(dang)赤(chi)腳醫(yi)(yi)生,他把(ba)方(fang)(fang)抄去(qu)后,從亮兵(bing)大隊衛生所(suo)中(zhong),一(yi)次(ci)便(bian)照方(fang)(fang)拿了幾十付(fu)藥,村(cun)中(zhong)凡得(de)痢疾而愿服(fu)中(zhong)藥者(zhe),便(bian)給予(yu)一(yi)二付(fu)煎服(fu),幾無(wu)不愈者(zhe),視為(wei)神方(fang)(fang)。當(dang)時我(wo)(wo)(wo)們二人(ren)(ren)都是(shi)(shi)初學(xue)醫(yi)(yi),只是(shi)(shi)想當(dang)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)就是(shi)(shi)了,并不會辨證(zheng),在后來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)行醫(yi)(yi)中(zhong),我(wo)(wo)(wo)也屢用(yong)(yong)之,但有(you)效(xiao)有(you)不效(xiao),何以(yi)那年的(de)(de)(de)痢疾如此有(you)效(xiao),后來(lai)卻不能盡效(xiao)呢?這里有(you)辨證(zheng)準(zhun)確與(yu)否的(de)(de)(de)問題,有(you)致病細菌菌株(zhu)對此方(fang)(fang)藥敏感(gan)與(yu)否的(de)(de)(de)問題,(當(dang)然(ran),前(qian)人(ren)(ren)也許還認識不到這些)所(suo)以(yi)不能一(yi)概而論。
辨太陰病:
感(gan)寒(han)(han)(han)邪從(cong)里化,胃氣屈(qu)弱,(雪按:是脾(pi)寒(han)(han)(han)證也(ye)(ye))腹(fu)滿(man)而吐,食不(bu)下(xia),腹(fu)痛自利,故理中(zhong)四逆溫(wen)其臟(zang),為(wei)的治矣。(雪按:原文明(ming)言臟(zang)有寒(han)(han)(han),臟(zang)者脾(pi)臟(zang),證治俱符,乃東醫諸公欲避(bi)去臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)絡不(bu)言,遂硬指(zhi)為(wei)胃寒(han)(han)(han),謂臟(zang)即指(zhi)胃也(ye)(ye)。如(ru)直寬士粟《六經(jing)析義(yi)》即云爾(er),實亦太過。三陰指(zhi)臟(zang),三陽指(zhi)腑(fu),斑斑可考,證治都(dou)合,何必(bi)(bi)硬避(bi)不(bu)言耶?謂不(bu)必(bi)(bi)拘(ju)拘(ju)于臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)絡之說可也(ye)(ye),必(bi)(bi)謂不(bu)關臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)絡,則大(da)謬矣。三因方,活人書,皆療本病用理中(zhong)丸及湯(陰證略例亦然)為(wei)能得經(jing)旨矣。金鑒以厚樸生姜(jiang)半夏人參為(wei)本篇(pian)治法,此大(da)邪已去,只剩腹(fu)滿(man)一證者,與本篇(pian)胃寒(han)(han)(han)腹(fu)滿(man)迥異也(ye)(ye),
(雪按:金(jin)鑒說不(bu)誣,確是太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)病也,只稍輕耳,大(da)(da)邪雖(sui)去(qu),病位不(bu)易,安可謂(wei)其(qi)非太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)耶?此段(duan)蓋全本(ben)之(zhi)六經(jing)析義(yi)者(zhe)引其(qi)文也)至陽明中(zhong)寒諸證(zheng),皆轉系(xi)太(tai)陰(yin)(yin),可見(jian)太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)陽明,殆(dai)其(qi)同局(雪按:脾胃(wei)同宮,本(ben)極(ji)有系(xi)屬者(zhe))而虛實一轉,互相(xiang)變也。按本(ben)篇(pian)曰:下(xia)之(zhi)必胸(xiong)下(xia)結(jie)硬,朱肱曰:近人(ren)多不(bu)識陰(yin)(yin)證(zheng),但見(jian)胸(xiong)膈不(bu)快(kuai),便投(tou)食藥,非其(qi)治也。大(da)(da)抵陰(yin)(yin)證(zheng)由(you)冷(leng)物傷脾胃(wei),陰(yin)(yin)經(jing)受之(zhi),主胸(xiong)填滿(man),面唇皆無色(se)澤,手(shou)足冷(leng),少情緒,脈沉細(xi),投(tou)快(kuai)利藥,胸(xiong)膈愈不(bu)快(kuai),或吐而利,一二日(ri)遂致不(bu)救,蓋不(bu)知寒中(zhong)太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)也,近世(shi)此證(zheng)頗多,余與增(zeng)損理中(zhong)丸,救活(huo)甚多,因拈古(gu)人(ren)治驗于右。
外臺崔氏(shi)曰:時行四五日,大(da)(da)下(xia)(xia)后,或不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia),皆患心下(xia)(xia)結滿,兩脅痞(pi)塞,胸(xiong)中(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)急,厥逆(ni)(ni)欲(yu)絕,心胸(xiong)高起,手不(bu)(bu)(bu)可近,不(bu)(bu)(bu)過二(er)三日便死,用瀉心,大(da)(da)小陷胸(xiong),并不(bu)(bu)(bu)得療(liao)。此下(xia)(xia)后虛(xu)逆(ni)(ni),氣(qi)(qi)已不(bu)(bu)(bu)理,毒復上攻(gong),毒氣(qi)(qi)相搏,結于(yu)胸(xiong)中(zhong)(zhong),縱不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)毒已入胃,胃中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)通,復搏于(yu)氣(qi)(qi),故致(zhi)此病,當先(xian)理其氣(qi)(qi),次下(xia)(xia)諸疾,與(yu)(yu)增損理中(zhong)(zhong)丸。又曰:用此效的(de)神速(su),下(xia)(xia)咽(yan)則(ze)折,不(bu)(bu)(bu)過六(liu)七丸,胸(xiong)中(zhong)(zhong)豁然矣,藥之速(su)無(wu)(wu)如此者(zhe)(zhe),然渴(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)當加栝萎,下(xia)(xia)利(li)者(zhe)(zhe)當加牡(mu)蠣(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)渴(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)則(ze)除(chu)之,于(yu)時枳實(shi)乃為(wei)之貴,療(liao)氣(qi)(qi)理結,重(zhong)過理中(zhong)(zhong)丸,然干姜性熱,故減(jian)其分,茯苓通津(jin),栝蔞除(chu)渴(ke),牡(mu)蠣(li)止利(li),謹審其宜,無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得矣。(以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)驗(yan)(yan)案(an)數(shu)則(ze),不(bu)(bu)(bu)錄)此行功自敘也(ye),余(yu)與(yu)(yu)此丸與(yu)(yu)枳術湯兼服,理無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)驗(yan)(yan),可以(yi)(yi)征焉。(雪按:理中(zhong)(zhong)治痞(pi),蓋本之論(lun)中(zhong)(zhong)桂(gui)枝加人參湯而加減(jian)者(zhe)(zhe),加栝蔞牡(mu)蠣(li)法亦出小柴方后加減(jian)例中(zhong)(zhong),蓋仍由傷寒論(lun)中(zhong)(zhong)悟出者(zhe)(zhe)焉,百(bai)變不(bu)(bu)(bu)離其中(zhong)(zhong),此仲師所以(yi)(yi)媲絕千古也(ye)歟(yu)。
辨少陰病:
雪按(an):淺田宗伯少(shao)陰門無(wu)精義,惟附錄尚可取耳(er),藥就(jiu)所記,參諸家而(er)詳為分析(xi)之。少(shao)陰以但欲寐,惡寒自利(li),脈細沉為候。
一:本證自感表邪(xie)(xie),但素陽(yang)虛,別無(wu)里證者,麻(ma)黃附子細辛甘(gan)草(cao)湯(tang)微發汗,溫經(jing)(jing)散邪(xie)(xie),治反(fan)發熱,脈沉無(wu)里證者,此(ci)是少(shao)(shao)陰經(jing)(jing)邪(xie)(xie)自病(bing),諸家解太陽(yang)之表,少(shao)(shao)陰之里二(er)感者,非也(ye)。(雪按:反(fan)發熱雖本虛寒(han),尚有(you)抵抗力也(ye),否則但寒(han)不熱矣。)
二:深一(yi)層,無(wu)發熱(re),背惡寒,或身(shen)體骨節痛,手足寒者,附子(zi)湯溫陽(yang)(yang)逐寒,加腹(fu)痛下利等(deng)里證(zheng)者,真武湯溫陽(yang)(yang)利水。
三:更進一層,虛寒(han)下利(li)甚,手足(zu)厥逆(ni),嘔(ou)煩,里(li)寒(han)外熱,熱假寒(han)真者,分(fen)二等:一,脈(mo)不(bu)出,或厥逆(ni)無脈(mo)。一,脈(mo)微欲絕。山田(tian)正珍分(fen)二法(fa)甚隹(zhui),今從(cong)之。
白通湯,白通加豬膽汁湯:治寒盛遏陽,厥逆無脈,脈伏(fu)不出,自利煩躁等(deng)證(zheng),是寒閉也。
四(si)逆(ni)湯,通脈(mo)四(si)逆(ni)湯:治虛寒(han)之甚,脈(mo)微欲絕,手足(zu)厥逆(ni),反不惡(e)寒(han),下利(li)清谷,里寒(han)外(wai)熱等(deng)證,是虛寒(han)也。
又附二(er)(er)法:通(tong)脈四逆加豬膽汁湯:治閉脫(tuo)相(xiang)兼,癥勢更重(zhong)者(zhe)。吳茱萸(yu)湯:治吐(tu)利,煩躁(zao)欲(yu)死,厥(jue)冷,厥(jue)少(shao)(shao)相(xiang)兼者(zhe)也(ye)。(雪按(an):吳茱萸(yu)重(zhong)在吐(tu)而煩躁(zao)欲(yu)死,是厥(jue)少(shao)(shao)二(er)(er)陰(yin)(yin)病也(ye),四逆重(zhong)在利而厥(jue)冷,是少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)病也(ye),一(yi)重(zhong)吐(tu),一(yi)重(zhong)利,為(wei)同(tong)中(zhong)之(zhi)別(bie),此表里純(chun)陰(yin)(yin),少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)虛(xu)寒(han)治法也(ye)。)至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)熱證三條,最重(zhong)者(zhe)一(yi),緩證二(er)(er),茲(zi)列于下:
一(yi):大(da)承氣湯:治(zhi)少(shao)陰(yin)伏(fu)氣陰(yin)毒證(zheng),自(zi)利清水,色純清,心下必痛,此少(shao)陰(yin)伏(fu)熱,急下存陰(yin)之治(zhi)也,淺田以為(wei)陰(yin)寒化熱,非也。
二(er):黃連阿(a)膠(jiao)湯:治心中煩,不(bu)得(de)臥,是少陰(yin)心陰(yin)不(bu)足,心陽有余之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病,正珍引(yin)外臺治大病瘥后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,以證(zheng)原文二(er)三(san)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤,大有助于本證(zheng),蓋人(ren)皆疑此(ci)方此(ci)證(zheng)非二(er)三(san)日所應(ying)有,而惜無以證(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)正珍說乃豁然矣。
三(san):豬苓湯(tang)(tang)(tang):治(zhi)心(xin)煩不(bu)得眠,咳而嘔(ou)渴(ke)(ke)下(xia)(xia)(xia)利(li),下(xia)(xia)(xia)焦水熱(re)相(xiang)并者(zhe),(雪按:黃連(lian)阿膠湯(tang)(tang)(tang)育陰(yin)(yin)(yin)清熱(re),豬苓湯(tang)(tang)(tang)育陰(yin)(yin)(yin)利(li)水,治(zhi)心(xin)煩不(bu)得眠同(tong),而兼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)異得也。又少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)本(ben)但欲寐為(wei)主證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),此(ci)即心(xin)煩不(bu)得眠為(wei)要點,是正(zheng)相(xiang)對舉,可資研究(jiu)者(zhe)也。此(ci)二條(tiao)皆緩(huan)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),與虛(xu)寒(han)實熱(re)急證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)重(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),遠(yuan)相(xiang)異民。至四逆散是厥(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)相(xiang)錯之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi),謂(wei)(wei)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)病極不(bu)合(he),其(qi)冒首三(san)字,必誤不(bu)疑。又若桃花湯(tang)(tang)(tang),雖唯忠發明是真武湯(tang)(tang)(tang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服后不(bu)效,繼見(jian)便膿血之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)方,以日數見(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等為(wei)言,似(si)甚(shen)有(you)理,然終覺牽合(he),不(bu)似(si)仲師原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法之(zhi)(zhi)率真簡(jian)白,余(yu)謂(wei)(wei)桃花湯(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)虛(xu)寒(han)下(xia)(xia)(xia)利(li)便膿血,與白頭翁(weng)之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)熱(re)利(li)下(xia)(xia)(xia)重(zhong)口渴(ke)(ke),赤石(shi)脂(zhi)禹(yu)余(yu)糧(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)焦滑(hua)(hua)脫下(xia)(xia)(xia)利(li),原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)必限定厥(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也,一(yi)是腸(chang)寒(han),一(yi)是腸(chang)熱(re),一(yi)是腸(chang)滑(hua)(hua)不(bu)收,同(tong)為(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)利(li)對證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)療之(zhi)(zhi)妙法,所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)傷寒(han)轉(zhuan)雜(za)病壞證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)是也。必斤(jin)斤(jin)于厥(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun),反失活潑用方之(zhi)(zhi)妙矣。其(qi)它咽痛咽瘡諸方,不(bu)過少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)治(zhi)標之(zhi)(zhi)藥耳(er),淺田(tian)言是,正(zheng)珍謂(wei)(wei)是叔和(he)摻(chan)入,原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)非屬少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文,尤爽絕也。瓜蒂(di)散,以證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)似(si)對示(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao),原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)非本(ben)門(men)(men)所(suo)(suo)有(you),更(geng)不(bu)論(lun)焉。少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)厥(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)門(men)(men)中,因類證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)變異這故,所(suo)(suo)收非本(ben)門(men)(men)應有(you)條(tiao)甚(shen)多,后人每(mei)作本(ben)門(men)(men)病解之(zhi)(zhi),大誤也。至本(ben)門(men)(men)應有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)文,又多散見(jian)太陽三(san)篇之(zhi)(zhi)內,須意會收輯之(zhi)(zhi),以便歸(gui)納而分析焉。
獲野(ye)原凱曰:天明間,溫疫流行(xing),其(qi)證(zheng)似胃實,而微見陰狀,殆與嶺(ling)南(nan)瘴瘧類,醫用大黃(huang)(huang)則死,用附(fu)子(zi)則生,爾后年年所行(xing),疫證(zheng)頗同,多用附(fu)子(zi)以(yi)免危,其(qi)以(yi)大黃(huang)(huang)治者(zhe),十(shi)不過二(er)三也。
梯(ti)謙(qian)曰:天寶間,凡疫汛濫,闔(he)門(men)伏(fu)枕,大(da)率上(shang)盈下(xia)虛及少(shao)陰(yin)證,當時(shi)遵用古(gu)方者,專為汗下(xia),或主吳氏疫論,薦投駛(shi)藥(yao),而不顧正氣之虧,故服大(da)黃(huang)死者,十居其九,服附(fu)子死者,百中一二耳。
辨厥陰病:
蓋(gai)厥陰(yin)(yin)者,三陰(yin)(yin)之極(ji),無有(you)(you)所傳,然物極(ji)則必反,于(yu)是有(you)(you)陰(yin)(yin)變(bian)陽(yang),寒化熱之證,(物極(ji)必變(bian),陰(yin)(yin)變(bian)陽(yang),寒化熱之語,厥陰(yin)(yin)主旨)。
雪按:由(you)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin),其極而(er)(er)不(bu)變化者(zhe)(zhe),則誠(cheng)如(ru)山田正珍所(suo)云,厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)至(zhi)深至(zhi)極之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候,其文(wen)雖缺,以意推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):四(si)肢(zhi)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)逆,煩(fan)躁(zao)吐(tu)利(li),脈微(wei)欲絕等等,固不(bu)竢言,當較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)更急焉,然如(ru)篇中所(suo)載吳茱萸湯(tang)(tang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),四(si)逆湯(tang)(tang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),通脈四(si)逆湯(tang)(tang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),均(jun)為(wei)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)篇所(suo)固有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),淺田所(suo)謂“治(zhi)法(fa)與少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)極地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)異”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也,然則何必(bi)于(yu)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外另立厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)門哉?知(zhi)其所(suo)重(zhong)不(bu)獨在(zai)此(ci),而(er)(er)另注(zhu)目于(yu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)變陽,寒(han)(han)(han)化熱(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),此(ci)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)則厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)所(suo)獨。如(ru)《素問·熱(re)(re)(re)(re)論》,六日(ri)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)漸(jian)有(you)來復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),則物極必(bi)變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),而(er)(er)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)篇中熱(re)(re)(re)(re)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)互見諸條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)所(suo)淵源者(zhe)(zhe)也。又按:先(xian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)后(hou)必(bi)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),先(xian)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)后(hou)必(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),熱(re)(re)(re)(re)五日(ri),厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)亦五日(ri),若(ruo)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)日(ri)少(shao)(shao),熱(re)(re)(re)(re)日(ri)多,為(wei)欲愈。則熱(re)(re)(re)(re)不(bu)退純從熱(re)(re)(re)(re)化,或(huo)(huo)咽痛,或(huo)(huo)便膿血,必(bi)居其一(yi),此(ci)余熱(re)(re)(re)(re)蘊留(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)致也。若(ruo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)日(ri)少(shao)(shao),厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)日(ri)多,則于(yu)病為(wei)進,為(wei)陽氣(qi)衰少(shao)(shao)而(er)(er)有(you)偏(pian),或(huo)(huo)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)虛寒(han)(han)(han)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傾向(xiang)(xiang)矣,故吾(wu)謂厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),倘不(bu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)而(er)(er)從寒(han)(han)(han)化,則是(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin),倘熱(re)(re)(re)(re)盛而(er)(er)從熱(re)(re)(re)(re)化,則有(you)向(xiang)(xiang)愈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji),轉向(xiang)(xiang)少(shao)(shao)陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)會,原文(wen)所(suo)謂“厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)而(er)(er)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re),下利(li)必(bi)自止”,正是(shi)(shi)(shi)陽回勝陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)示也。山田但知(zhi)至(zhi)深至(zhi)極一(yi)面(mian),而(er)(er)不(bu)知(zhi)另一(yi)面(mian)實有(you)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)盡陽生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji),故謂厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要文(wen)已止,淺田宗伯則知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)未能(neng)暢(chang)其旨(zhi),所(suo)論如(ru)干(gan)姜黃連黃芩人參湯(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)吐(tu)下,是(shi)(shi)(shi)化熱(re)(re)(re)(re)未離虛寒(han)(han)(han)者(zhe)(zhe)也,白(bai)頭翁(weng)湯(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)下利(li)渴欲飲水(shui),則已專于(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)也,二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)尚是(shi)(shi)(shi)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)正證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),至(zhi)如(ru)小(xiao)柴(chai)胡湯(tang)(tang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)嘔吐(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比較(jiao)(jiao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),梔子豉湯(tang)(tang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)躁(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比較(jiao)(jiao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),小(xiao)承氣(qi)湯(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)下利(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比較(jiao)(jiao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),白(bai)虎(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),瓜(gua)蒂(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寒(han)(han)(han)實厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),茯(fu)苓甘(gan)草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心下有(you)水(shui)悸厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),均(jun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)引為(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)比者(zhe)(zhe),種種均(jun)與厥(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)無(wu)關,不(bu)過(guo)以其證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相近,列于(yu)一(yi)處,以資辨別耳。此(ci)或(huo)(huo)后(hou)人所(suo)排者(zhe)(zhe),非一(yi)定原次也,乃(nai)淺田均(jun)以為(wei)寒(han)(han)(han)化熱(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)法(fa)及旁證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),豈非大(da)誤耶?吾(wu)固謂其雖知(zhi)而(er)(er)未能(neng)暢(chang)其旨(zhi)也。
又(you)按:厥(jue)(jue)(jue)陰消渴,氣上撞心一條,直寬士粟(su)以為(wei)上熱下寒,極合。正珍謂(wei)叔和所(suo)(suo)撰(zhuan)者非也(ye)。烏梅(mei)丸主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),厥(jue)(jue)(jue)陰正經也(ye),煩(fan)躁有時,得(de)食嘔(ou)吐(tu),吐(tu)蛔而(er)厥(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)蛔厥(jue)(jue)(jue),亦厥(jue)(jue)(jue)陰正證,烏梅(mei)丸所(suo)(suo)言同(tong)也(ye)。若臟寒臟厥(jue)(jue)(jue),脈微(wei)膚冷(leng),躁無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)暫(zan)安時者,淺田謂(wei)治與少陰無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異,則當(dang)(dang)用四逆白通(tong)輩(bei)矣,吾(wu)謂(wei)從躁無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)暫(zan)安時著想,從厥(jue)(jue)(jue)陰臟寒論治,則干嘔(ou)吐(tu)涎(xian)沫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)吳茱(zhu)萸(yu)湯,大可借用,且(qie)少陰病(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)吐(tu)利煩(fan)躁欲死(si)者,亦借用此方,則本門之(zhi)(zhi)躁無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)暫(zan)安者,不(bu)更合耶?當(dang)(dang)以兼證旁參(can)之(zhi)(zhi)。
三陰皆元氣(qi)不足(zu),腸胃虛乏(fa),邪氣(qi)直入(ru)(ru),攻奪真(zhen)元者(zhe),故見自利,厥逆,脈沉細(xi),嘔噦振寒等(deng)證,治宜理中,四逆,吳(wu)茱萸(yu),白通等(deng),譬飛騎(qi)突(tu)入(ru)(ru)重圍,使既散真(zhen)陽復(fu)合,以勝(sheng)陰復(fu)陽者(zhe)也。
雪按:此但就三陰(yin)虛寒(han)一面泛而論之,大概(gai)雖爾,非精細辨認也(ye)(ye),中川(chuan)故(gu)曰:凡每(mei)歲自春(chun)至(zhi)秋初,少(shao)陰(yin)狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo),此為常。然(ran)厥陰(yin)狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦間(jian)雜(za)其(qi)中,治深以(yi)淺禍(huo)不(bu)旋踵。又曰:余幼時(shi)太(tai)陰(yin)狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)流行,名護屋(wu)玄(xuan)醫之徒能治之,大有(you)聲譽。其(qi)后少(shao)陰(yin)之狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大行,當時(shi)余既過冠,故(gu)親療(liao)之,(雪按:此日(ri)殆亦少(shao)陰(yin)之狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大行其(qi)道(dao)之時(shi)也(ye)(ye),否則,何以(yi)人(ren)人(ren)桂附,乃不(bu)為害耶?附記一笑。)然(ran)此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),世未有(you)載之書者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)當今雖多(duo)有(you)厥陰(yin)狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),漫然(ran)療(liao)這,無(wu)得其(qi)治法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。
雪按:此(ci)(ci)說(shuo)頗新奇,殆即陸九芝所(suo)云大(da)司天運(yun)氣所(suo)系之故(gu)歟。醫(yi)家(jia)每(mei)云見證治(zhi)證最妙,于此(ci)(ci)運(yun)會(hui)推移之說(shuo),十九不然(ran),然(ran)觀今(jin)日(ri)滬醫(yi)家(jia)之大(da)用桂(gui)附,亦殊有效,則此(ci)(ci)說(shuo)不為(wei)無理,故(gu)錄以(yi)備(bei)考,且(qie)此(ci)(ci)以(yi)六經治(zhi)法(fa)分屬之,似更明白了當,易于仿學者焉。
辨合病:
合(he)者同也,會也,二(er)病(bing)(bing)三病(bing)(bing)相(xiang)混也,謂之合(he)病(bing)(bing)。蓋其初感邪表里(li)同時(shi)受(shou)病(bing)(bing),故設此目,以為(wei)治法(fa)之標準也。張介賓(bin)曰(yue):今時(shi)之病(bing)(bing),皆合(he)病(bing)(bing)并病(bing)(bing)耳,合(he)并二(er)者,治法(fa)之緊關(guan),不(bu)可(ke)不(bu)明(ming)核,若內外并治,則不(bu)止難愈(yu),百壞變出,古人云,發表未(wei)除(chu),不(bu)可(ke)攻里(li),上盛(sheng)未(wei)除(chu),不(bu)可(ke)攻下,亦合(he)病(bing)(bing)之謂也。
雪按:此說(shuo)非(fei)一定(ding),如經方桂枝人參湯,桂枝大黃(huang)湯均表里并治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方也(ye),須審證(zheng)所要而施,不(bu)可(ke)一言(yan)限(xian)定(ding)耳。又(you)按:三(san)陽(yang)(yang)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing),多是(shi)(shi)伏(fu)邪蘊發熱證(zheng),如太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing),葛(ge)根黃(huang)芩黃(huang)連(lian)湯(而淺田所云:熱盛(sheng)于(yu)表,勢迫及里,下(xia)奔為利(li),上逆為嘔者是(shi)(shi)也(ye),原(yuan)(yuan)文葛(ge)根湯是(shi)(shi)或誤,淺田因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未詳審矣(yi)。至(zhi)不(bu)下(xia)利(li)但嘔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葛(ge)根加半夏證(zheng),乃太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)輕證(zheng),所以示別于(yu)必(bi)自(zi)下(xia)利(li),伏(fu)邪蘊發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)重證(zheng)也(ye)。以二條相連(lian),人多信(xin)為一方不(bu)疑,不(bu)知(zhi)其大有不(bu)同(tong)者也(ye))。少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)明(ming)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing),黃(huang)芩湯(原(yuan)(yuan)文是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang),余早疑是(shi)(shi)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming),已見開美本傷(shang)寒批上),又(you)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing),大承(cheng)氣湯,均必(bi)自(zi)下(xia)利(li),均治(zhi)以苦寒清(qing)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑,而三(san)陽(yang)(yang)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口不(bu)仁,面垢,譫語,遺尿,腹滿,身重難轉側,若自(zi)汗出(chu)者,白虎湯主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。更(geng)可(ke)見是(shi)(shi)伏(fu)溫蘊發,三(san)陽(yang)(yang)混合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)無疑矣(yi)。
安(an)時(shi)云:三(san)陽皆有合病(bing),三(san)陰(yin)無合病(bing),劉茝(chai)庭曰(yue)(yue):三(san)陰(yin)病(bing)機(ji)雖(sui)各異,其位相同,此所以(yi)無合病(bing)。中西深(shen)齋曰(yue)(yue):三(san)陰(yin)不設合病(bing)之名(ming),直舉(ju)其脈證,以(yi)具之治法耳。
雪按:三(san)陰(yin)(yin)未嘗無(wu)合病,第溫(wen)里之(zhi)藥(yao),大概相同(tong),故不舉其(qi)名(ming),但具之(zhi)脈(mo)證治法中耳。如少陰(yin)(yin)之(zhi)吐(tu)利,煩躁欲死,則(ze)厥少二陰(yin)(yin)同(tong)病也(ye),少陰(yin)(yin)見厥,十(shi)九皆(jie)同(tong)厥陰(yin)(yin),又有陰(yin)(yin)陽合病者,如下(xia)利清谷,里寒(han)外熱,身體疼痛,先(xian)溫(wen)其(qi)里,乃(nai)攻其(qi)表,溫(wen)里四逆,攻表桂枝等(deng)條,即是陰(yin)(yin)陽合病之(zhi)證也(ye)。龐言既非,劉言亦(yi)未妥,須(xu)辨之(zhi)。
雪又按:合病是伏邪各(ge)自蘊發,同(tong)時而見(jian),其癥重劇(ju),并(bing)病是一邪轉移變化(hua),其證輕(qing)減,此合病與(yu)并(bing)病大異之(zhi)點,山田諸公但知(zhi)合病為重,而不解其所(suo)以(yi)然(ran)也。淺(qian)田亦然(ran),茲(zi)特舉之(zhi)。
辨并病:
張璐玉曰:并(bing)病(bing)者(zhe),一(yi)陽經病(bing)未(wei)罷,又加一(yi)經證見,二經連貫為病(bing)也。
雪按:并(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)是一(yi)邪轉移傳變,與(yu)合病(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)由(you)(you)蘊伏自(zi)發者(zhe),大(da)不相同,淺田乃謂合病(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)雖有(you)緩急(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)別,于其治法(fa),則無有(you)異(yi)焉,大(da)謬甚矣。蓋由(you)(you)未(wei)細(xi)審仲師所用合病(bing)(bing)(bing)諸方之(zhi)(zhi)故,粗疏之(zhi)(zhi)過難辭。大(da)法(fa),太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)明并(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing),太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)表病(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)罷(ba)者(zhe),當先表后里(li),太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)證罷(ba),但有(you)陽(yang)(yang)明證者(zhe),始可攻里(li)也(ye)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)少(shao)(shao)陽(yang)(yang)并(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing),柴胡桂枝湯太(tai)少(shao)(shao)并(bing)(bing)(bing)治(原文太(tai)少(shao)(shao)并(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)條,一(yi),頭項(xiang)強痛或(huo)眩(xuan)冒,或(huo)如結胸(xiong),心(xin)下痞硬者(zhe),慎不可發汗,汗則譫語。二,心(xin)下硬,頸項(xiang)強而眩(xuan)也(ye),慎勿下之(zhi)(zhi)。)
雪(xue)按(an)(an):不可下,固也(ye),不可汗,汗則(ze)(ze)譫語,轉或(huo)胃中燥實,殆(dai)指麻黃葛根等大發汗劑而言(yan),若(ruo)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)當(dang)不在(zai)此例,則(ze)(ze)太(tai)少并病(bing)(bing),亦當(dang)先(xian)治(zhi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),則(ze)(ze)當(dang)用(yong)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)無疑,今(jin)以(yi)桂(gui)(gui)柴(chai)各半為治(zhi),則(ze)(ze)最妥當(dang)之法矣。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)證罷,但有少陽(yang)(yang)(yang)證者,小柴(chai)胡湯和之。少陽(yang)(yang)(yang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)并病(bing)(bing),先(xian)治(zhi)少陽(yang)(yang)(yang),(雪(xue)按(an)(an):如陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)病(bing)(bing)脅下硬滿及陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)病(bing)(bing)胸脅滿不去者,均(jun)以(yi)小柴(chai)胡治(zhi)之是也(ye),畑惟和曰:論(lun)中合并之病(bing)(bing),陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)多,少陽(yang)(yang)(yang)少,則(ze)(ze)言(yan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)病(bing)(bing),實則(ze)(ze)冒首無關系(xi)也(ye))或(huo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)證多者,則(ze)(ze)兩(liang)顧之,而仍以(yi)少陽(yang)(yang)(yang)為重,如柴(chai)胡加芒硝湯是也(ye)。
雪按(an):此(ci)(ci)余節其(qi)所言這大概而分析(xi)之(zhi)(zhi),得先后之(zhi)(zhi)例如(ru)上,可見三(san)陽并(bing)病,先表(biao)(biao)后里(li)為(wei)必然之(zhi)(zhi)理,此(ci)(ci)就(jiu)三(san)陽淺深表(biao)(biao)里(li)見證,而分別論治,固有大用,以現(xian)在所見之(zhi)(zhi)癥(zheng),一經單純者少(shao),唯合病之(zhi)(zhi)旨,深微難解,而癥(zheng)又重劇,較此(ci)(ci)并(bing)病相去宵壤,昔(xi)人多(duo)以合并(bing)并(bing)言豈知其(qi)中固遠有別耶?余于(yu)合病一層,頗多(duo)創獲,另文詳(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)特(te)示意(yi)耳。辨表(biao)(biao)熱里(li)寒(雪按(an):淺田此(ci)(ci)篇無甚發明,且舉(ju)例亦未清晰(xi)妥當,今依其(qi)所言,而再為(wei)分析(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)下)
一:表(biao)有邪而(er)里(li)(li)寒者(zhe),治(zhi)分二(er)法,其證如外有寒熱(re)表(biao)證,而(er)里(li)(li)下利(li)清谷者(zhe)。先里(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)表(biao),例如先服(fu)四逆湯治(zhi)里(li)(li)寒下利(li)清谷,后(hou)(hou)以桂(gui)枝湯治(zhi)身體疼痛之表(biao),此先里(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)表(biao)之治(zhi)也。
表(biao)里并(bing)治(zhi):例(li)如桂枝人參湯(tang)一(yi)方,中含理中以(yi)治(zhi)下利,桂枝一(yi)味,以(yi)解表(biao)邪,此并(bing)治(zhi)也(ye)。大概里重于表(biao)者,先里后(hou)表(biao),如第一(yi)例(li)下利是(shi)少陰證,故(gu)先治(zhi)里也(ye)。第二例(li)下利是(shi)太陰證,不若少陰之甚,故(gu)可(ke)表(biao)里并(bing)治(zhi)焉(yan)。
一:表(biao)熱(re)(re)全是(shi)(shi)假(jia)象(xiang),里寒(han)(han)卻為真寒(han)(han),因(yin)真寒(han)(han)而見假(jia)熱(re)(re),如(ru)少陰厥陰下利清谷(gu)(gu),里寒(han)(han)外熱(re)(re)諸條皆是(shi)(shi)。但里無(wu)表(biao),例如(ru)四(si)逆湯之(zhi)治內寒(han)(han)外熱(re)(re),下利清谷(gu)(gu),通脈(mo)四(si)逆湯之(zhi)治里寒(han)(han)外熱(re)(re)亦然(ran),所謂真寒(han)(han)假(jia)熱(re)(re),一于救里是(shi)(shi)也。
雪按:表(biao)(biao)熱(re)里(li)(li)(li)寒(han)(han)(han),不(bu)出上列(lie)二(er)大法,及三種(zhong)方治,至如桂(gui)枝加(jia)附(fu)子(zi)湯(tang)(tang),桂(gui)枝去芍(shao)加(jia)附(fu)子(zi)湯(tang)(tang)等,是(shi)表(biao)(biao)未解而(er)陽已虛,不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)例(li)之(zhi)中,淺(qian)(qian)田之(zhi)言固(gu)然(ran),唯(wei)桂(gui)枝人參(can)湯(tang)(tang)證,則正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)例(li)中者,乃也謂(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)例(li)外,誤(wu)矣(yi)。附(fu)子(zi)瀉(xie)心(xin)湯(tang)(tang)與表(biao)(biao)熱(re)里(li)(li)(li)寒(han)(han)(han)不(bu)和(he),是(shi)寒(han)(han)(han)熱(re)錯雜(za)之(zhi)治,不(bu)當(dang)征引及之(zhi)也。又首引太(tai)陰(yin)病(bing)脈浮(fu)桂(gui)枝湯(tang)(tang),少陰(yin)病(bing)反發熱(re)麻黃附(fu)子(zi)細辛湯(tang)(tang),甘草(cao)湯(tang)(tang)二(er)條,謂(wei)是(shi)從表(biao)(biao)治,及表(biao)(biao)里(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)參(can)之(zhi)治之(zhi)例(li),亦(yi)微有不(bu)和(he),二(er)證是(shi)陰(yin)經(jing)本經(jing)受邪治法,非表(biao)(biao)里(li)(li)(li)并(bing)病(bing)也,唯(wei)麻黃附(fu)子(zi)細辛之(zhi)治,亦(yi)可如桂(gui)枝人參(can)湯(tang)(tang)之(zhi)例(li),列(lie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)表(biao)(biao)里(li)(li)(li)并(bing)治中乎?則余尚以(yi)(yi)為(wei)不(bu)可,蓋里(li)(li)(li)寒(han)(han)(han)以(yi)(yi)自利為(wei)主(zhu),此(ci)無自利也。況原文明謂(wei)無里(li)(li)(li)證,不(bu)過因(yin)陰(yin)經(jing)受寒(han)(han)(han),故用(yong)溫經(jing)以(yi)(yi)散寒(han)(han)(han)耳。當(dang)與桂(gui)枝加(jia)附(fu)等湯(tang)(tang)證,,事屬例(li)外,乃引為(wei)正(zheng)例(li),其不(bu)當(dang)甚矣(yi)。此(ci)淺(qian)(qian)田見識所未及,辨認所示真(zhen)也歟。
表(biao)熱里(li)寒(han):則先表(biao)而后里(li),先實里(li)者,恐(kong)脫證悠至,邪也從(cong)陷也,里(li)既實,從(cong)事于表(biao),亦不(bu)為遲。
雪按:溫里(li)之藥,且也(ye)兼能散表寒也(ye)。
表(biao)熱(re)里(li)實:則先(xian)表(biao)而后里(li),先(xian)攻表(biao)者,恐表(biao)邪并入,里(li)熱(re)壅(yong)重也,表(biao)已(yi)解,從事(shi)于里(li),亦(yi)不為(wei)遲,設先(xian)攻里(li),則胃空(kong)邪乘,為(wei)壞病(bing)矣。
雪(xue)按:此(ci)劉茝(chai)庭說也。仲景明律,確如此(ci)分(fen)別,甚隹。畑唯和曰(yue):里寒格(ge)陽,雖(sui)身有大熱(re),內證口雖(sui)干渴,必不(bu)(bu)喜冷,飲不(bu)(bu)多,舌(she)雖(sui)有黑(hei),苔必滑潤,或(huo)小水清頻,氣短懶言,色(se)暗神倦,或(huo)錯語鄭聲,或(huo)斑如蚊(wen)跡(ji),淺紅(hong)細(xi)碎(sui),與紫赤極(ji)熱(re)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),此(ci)假斑也。假熱(re)之脈,必沉細(xi)遲弱(ruo),或(huo)雖(sui)浮大緊數(shu),而(er)無力無神,此(ci)熱(re)在皮膚,寒在臟腑,但使(shi)元(yuan)陽漸復,熱(re)必退藏,外臺秘要曰(yue):陰躁欲坐(zuo)井中,宜(yi)熱(re)藥,須冷服(fu),熱(re)因寒用之法也。
假熱(re)象:大熱(re)大渴,舌(she)短舌(she)腫,唇焦齒逢出血,譫語發(fa)狂,手(shou)足躁擾,捻(nian)衣摸床(chuang),肌熱(re)如蒸如火(huo)遼,面目俱赤,煩躁有汗,欲坐(zuo)臥于水中。
真(zhen)寒據:脈七八至,按之則(ze)散,或(huo)(huo)洪而(er)(er)數,弦而(er)(er)大,按之則(ze)真(zhen)虛(xu)或(huo)(huo)全無,舌白(bai)苔而(er)(er)滑,或(huo)(huo)質黑而(er)(er)光潤。
此陽(yang)浮于外,陰伏于內(nei),內(nei)真(zhen)寒而外假熱,無(wu)根(gen)之(zhi)(zhi)火也,宜用大劑回(hui)陽(yang),腎氣(qi),參(can)附(fu),四逆之(zhi)(zhi)屬,冷飲之(zhi)(zhi),虛火歸源(yuan),諸證(zheng)自止(zhi)。
此節錄李明之說也。
雪按(an):仲(zhong)師(shi)之言,真寒(han)假熱(re)也,必以下(xia)利清谷為(wei)主(zhu)候,此(ci)真寒(han)之確據(ju)也,確據(ju)既得,假象可(ke)明(ming)矣(yi)(yi)。再以脈(mo)之細微欲絕,合之身(shen)之大(da)熱(re)而(er)(er)手(shou)足厥冷,尚何可(ke)疑耶?其言簡而(er)(er)明(ming),人人可(ke)知可(ke)舉者(zhe)也,后賢則(ze)論過玄奧,甚(shen)至謂(wei)大(da)便(bian)閉(bi)結(jie),小(xiao)便(bian)赤(chi)澀(se)者(zhe),亦有假熱(re)象(如畑唯(wei)和所(suo)(suo)云,未錄(lu)入)即如明(ming)之所(suo)(suo)辨,雖(sui)似(si)詳備,然(ran)均不(bu)(bu)(bu)言下(xia)利清谷一主(zhu)候也,于(yu)許多(duo)熱(re)證(zheng)證(zheng)據(ju)中,僅憑脈(mo)之空(kong)虛一點,而(er)(er)投死生系焉之藥,戛戛乎難(nan)矣(yi)(yi)哉(zai),與仲(zhong)師(shi)之法平(ping)易(yi)近人,證(zheng)據(ju)充足者(zhe),大(da)相懸疑矣(yi)(yi)。吾意后賢所(suo)(suo)言,雖(sui)高而(er)(er)空(kong),若過信(xin)之,一有不(bu)(bu)(bu)當,貽禍非淺,不(bu)(bu)(bu)若仲(zhong)師(shi)之腳(jiao)踏實地,不(bu)(bu)(bu)衿奇而(er)(er)真確可(ke)靠也,吾從(cong)仲(zhong)師(shi)矣(yi)(yi)。
辨外寒里熱:
一:假寒真熱:
一(yi)名熱厥,是陽氣郁內,不能四布(bu)于外也,以祛里熱為主。
四逆(ni)散:邪壅(yong)半表里而為(wei)厥者也。
白虎湯:熱結在里,散漫無實,大(da)煩渴,脈滑(hua)而(er)厥者也。
大承氣:胃家燥實(shi),熱實(shi)而(er)厥者也。
烏梅丸(wan):寒熱錯(cuo)雜之蛔厥也,與(yu)外(wai)寒里熱者略異(yi)。
雪按:此言厥非(fei)屬寒而屬熱者各方法也(ye),至豬苓湯(tang),白頭翁(weng)湯(tang),干(gan)姜芩(qin)連(lian)人參(can)湯(tang)無(wu)厥證證象(xiang),淺(qian)田翁(weng)之(zhi)誤也(ye)。
一(yi):外(wai)寒里熱:例如(ru)桂枝白虎(hu)湯,一(yi)面(mian)用白虎(hu)清里熱,一(yi)面(mian)用桂枝散(san)表寒是也,此為外(wai)寒束其內熱者之(zhi)治(zhi)。
雪按:此一條(tiao),不(bu)可無者也,淺田所未及,故為補之(zhi)。外寒里熱(re),不(bu)出二者之(zhi)外矣,但以第一條(tiao)為重候焉(yan)。
厥(jue)深熱(re)深,厥(jue)應下之,反發汗,必口(kou)傷爛赤,是(shi)言熱(re)厥(jue)證者也,素問諸陰之反,脈(mo)至而(er)從,按(an)之鼓甚而(er)盛,是(shi)論熱(re)厥(jue)之脈(mo)者也。
假寒(han)(han)象:手足逆冷(即厥也)或(huo)畏寒(han)(han),或(huo)戰栗,此熱(re)(re)極于(yu)內,而寒(han)(han)見于(yu)外,熱(re)(re)極反為寒(han)(han)化(hua)也。
真熱證據:(脈(mo))沉伏而滑,頭上有(you)(you)汗,手雖冷(leng),時復指爪溫(朱肱(gong)說),沉滑有(you)(you)力,或滑實有(you)(you)力,舌(she)苔干(gan)燥(畑惟和說)。
證:大(da)便(bian)(bian)秘,小便(bian)(bian)赤,或(huo)大(da)便(bian)(bian)黑色(朱肱說),聲壯(zhuang)氣粗(cu),形強有(you)力,苔焦(jiao),舌黑干燥芒刺(ci),沉(chen)香(xiang)色,口渴欲冷,口臭(chou)(chou)煩躁,小便(bian)(bian)澀赤,大(da)便(bian)(bian)秘結,或(huo)下利純水,色青(qing),中(zhong)仍有(you)燥糞及(ji)矢氣太臭(chou)(chou)(畑惟和說)。
治(zhi):不內(nei)實,腹滿(man)身重(zhong),譫語,遺尿,口(kou)干,舌(she)燥,大煩渴者,白(bai)虎湯(tang)。
內實燥(zao)屎,腹滿(man)而喘,譫(zhan)語如見鬼(gui)狀(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe),或下利(li)純清,心(xin)下滿(man)痛者(zhe)(zhe),大承氣湯,稍輕者(zhe)(zhe),小承及(ji)調胃承氣選用,或寒熱(re)者(zhe)(zhe),大柴胡下之。
雪(xue)按:當云(yun),小(xiao)柴胡加(jia)大黃也。
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