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經脈

醫(yi)案(an)日記 2023-05-16 22:17:41

經(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)可分為正經(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)奇(qi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)兩(liang)(liang)類(lei)。正經(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er),即手(shou)足(zu)三(san)陰經(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)手(shou)足(zu)三(san)陽(yang)經(jing)(jing)(jing),合稱“十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)”,是氣血(xue)運(yun)行(xing)的主要通道。奇(qi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)八(ba)條(tiao),即督、任、沖、帶、陰蹺、陽(yang)蹺、陰維、陽(yang)維,合稱“奇(qi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)八(ba)脈(mo)”,有(you)統率、聯絡和(he)調節十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)的作用。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)別,是從十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)別出的經(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo),主要是加強十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)中相為表里的兩(liang)(liang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)之間的聯系,還(huan)由于它通達某(mou)些正經(jing)(jing)(jing)未循行(xing)到的器官與(yu)形(xing)體部位,因(yin)而能補正經(jing)(jing)(jing)之不足(zu)。

十二經脈

十(shi)(shi)二經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)脈又名(ming)(ming)十(shi)(shi)二正經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),是經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)系統的(de)主(zhu)體。其命名(ming)(ming)是根據其陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)屬性,所屬臟腑、循行(xing)部位綜合(he)而定的(de)。它們分別(bie)隸屬于十(shi)(shi)二臟腑,各經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)用其所屬臟腑的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng),結合(he)循行(xing)于手足(zu)(zu)、內(nei)外(wai)、前中后的(de)不同部位,并依(yi)據陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)學說,給予不同的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)。十(shi)(shi)二經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)脈的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)為:手太陰(yin)(yin)肺(fei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、手厥(jue)陰(yin)(yin)心包經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、手少陰(yin)(yin)心經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、手陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)大腸經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、手少陽(yang)(yang)三焦經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、手太陽(yang)(yang)小腸經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、足(zu)(zu)太陰(yin)(yin)脾經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、足(zu)(zu)厥(jue)陰(yin)(yin)肝經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、足(zu)(zu)少陰(yin)(yin)腎經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、足(zu)(zu)陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)胃經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、足(zu)(zu)少陽(yang)(yang)膽(dan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、足(zu)(zu)太陽(yang)(yang)膀胱經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。

十二(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)脈通過手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)足(zu)(zu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)表(biao)里經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)聯接而逐經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)相傳(chuan),構成了一個(ge)周而復始、如環無端(duan)(duan)的(de)傳(chuan)注系統。氣血通過經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)脈即可(ke)內至臟腑,外達肌表(biao),營運全身。其流注次(ci)序是:從(cong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)太陰(yin)(yin)(yin)肺(fei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)開始,依次(ci)傳(chuan)至手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)陽(yang)(yang)明大(da)腸(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),足(zu)(zu)陽(yang)(yang)明胃(wei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),足(zu)(zu)太陰(yin)(yin)(yin)脾經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)心經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)太陽(yang)(yang)小腸(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),足(zu)(zu)太陽(yang)(yang)膀胱經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),足(zu)(zu)少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)腎經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)心包經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)三焦(jiao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),足(zu)(zu)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)膽經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),足(zu)(zu)厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)肝(gan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),再回到手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)太陰(yin)(yin)(yin)肺(fei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(表(biao)1)。其走(zou)向和(he)交接規律是:手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)三陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)從(cong)胸走(zou)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),在手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)指末端(duan)(duan)交手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)三陽(yang)(yang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing);手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)三陽(yang)(yang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)從(cong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)走(zou)頭,在頭面部交足(zu)(zu)三陽(yang)(yang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing);足(zu)(zu)之(zhi)三陽(yang)(yang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)從(cong)頭走(zou)足(zu)(zu),在足(zu)(zu)趾末端(duan)(duan)交足(zu)(zu)三陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing);足(zu)(zu)之(zhi)三陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)從(cong)足(zu)(zu)走(zou)腹,在胸腹腔交手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)三陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。

表1:

手(shou)(shou)太陰肺經(jing)→手(shou)(shou)陽(yang)明(ming)大腸(chang)經(jing)→足(zu)陽(yang)明(ming)胃(wei)經(jing)→足(zu)太陰脾經(jing)→手(shou)(shou)少陰心經(jing)→手(shou)(shou)太陽(yang)小腸(chang)經(jing)

↑↓

足(zu)(zu)厥陰肝經(jing)←足(zu)(zu)少陽(yang)膽經(jing)←手(shou)少陽(yang)三(san)焦(jiao)經(jing)←手(shou)厥陰心包經(jing)←足(zu)(zu)少陰腎經(jing)←足(zu)(zu)太陽(yang)膀(bang)胱經(jing)

十二經脈在(zai)(zai)體表的循行(xing)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)規(gui)律是:凡(fan)屬六(liu)臟(心、肝、脾、肺(fei)、腎(shen)和(he)心包)的陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)四肢(zhi)的內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)和(he)胸腹部,其中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)肢(zhi)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)的為手(shou)(shou)三(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經,分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)下肢(zhi)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)的為足(zu)(zu)三(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經。凡(fan)屬六(liu)腑(膽、胃、大腸(chang)、小腸(chang)、膀胱和(he)三(san)焦)的陽經,多循行(xing)于(yu)(yu)四肢(zhi)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)、頭面(mian)和(he)腰(yao)背部,其中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)肢(zhi)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)的為手(shou)(shou)三(san)陽經,分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)下肢(zhi)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)的為足(zu)(zu)三(san)陽經。手(shou)(shou)足(zu)(zu)三(san)陽經的排列順序(xu)是:“陽明(ming)”在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),“少陽”居(ju)中(zhong),“太(tai)陽”在(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou);手(shou)(shou)足(zu)(zu)三(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經的排列順序(xu)是:“太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)”在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),“厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)”在(zai)(zai)中(zhong),“少陰(yin)(yin)(yin)”在(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(內(nei)(nei)踝上(shang)八寸以下為“厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)”在(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),“太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)”在(zai)(zai)中(zhong),“少陰(yin)(yin)(yin)”在(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou))。

十二經脈的表(biao)(biao)里(li)關(guan)系是(shi):手足(zu)三陰(yin)、三陽(yang),通(tong)過經別和別絡(luo)互相溝通(tong),組成六對“表(biao)(biao)里(li)相合”的關(guan)系。其中,足(zu)太(tai)陽(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足(zu)少陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)表(biao)(biao)里(li),足(zu)少陽(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足(zu)厥陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)表(biao)(biao)里(li),足(zu)陽(yang)明與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足(zu)太(tai)陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)表(biao)(biao)里(li)。手太(tai)陽(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手少陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)表(biao)(biao)里(li),手少陽(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手厥陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)表(biao)(biao)里(li),手陽(yang)明與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手太(tai)陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)表(biao)(biao)里(li)。

奇經八脈

是任脈(mo)(mo)、督脈(mo)(mo)、沖脈(mo)(mo)、帶脈(mo)(mo)、陰(yin)蹺脈(mo)(mo)、陽蹺脈(mo)(mo)、陰(yin)維脈(mo)(mo)、陽維脈(mo)(mo)的(de)總稱(cheng)。它們與十二(er)正經(jing)(jing)不同,既不直屬臟腑,又無表里(li)配合關系,其循行別道奇(qi)行,故稱(cheng)奇(qi)經(jing)(jing)。其功(gong)能有(you):1、溝通十二(er)經(jing)(jing)脈(mo)(mo)之間(jian)的(de)聯系;2、對十二(er)經(jing)(jing)氣血有(you)蓄積滲灌等調節作用。

任(ren)(ren)脈,行于腹面正(zheng)中線,其脈多次與手足三陰及陰維(wei)脈交會,能總任(ren)(ren)一(yi)身之(zhi)陰經,故(gu)稱(cheng):“陰脈之(zhi)海”。任(ren)(ren)脈起于胞中,與女子妊娠(shen)有(you)關,故(gu)有(you)“任(ren)(ren)主胞胎”之(zhi)說。

督脈(mo),行(xing)于背部(bu)正中(zhong),其脈(mo)多次與手(shou)足三陽(yang)經(jing)及陽(yang)維脈(mo)交會,能(neng)總督一身之(zhi)陽(yang)經(jing),故稱為“陽(yang)脈(mo)之(zhi)海”。督脈(mo)行(xing)于脊(ji)(ji)里,上行(xing)入腦,并從脊(ji)(ji)里分出屬腎,它與腦、脊(ji)(ji)髓、腎又有(you)密切聯系。

沖(chong)脈,上至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)頭,下至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)足,貫穿全身;成為氣血的要沖(chong),能(neng)調節(jie)十二經(jing)氣血故稱“十二經(jing)脈之海”,又稱“血海”。同婦(fu)女的月經(jing)有關。

帶(dai)脈(mo),起于季脅(xie),斜向(xiang)下行到帶(dai)脈(mo)穴,繞(rao)身一周,如腰帶(dai),能約(yue)束(shu)縱行的諸(zhu)脈(mo)。

陰(yin)蹺脈、陽蹺脈:蹺,有輕健蹺捷之意。有濡養眼(yan)目、司眼(yan)瞼開合和下肢運動的功能。

陰維(wei)脈、陽維(wei)脈:維(wei),有維(wei)系之意(yi)。陰維(wei)脈的功能是“維(wei)絡(luo)諸陰”;陽維(wei)脈的功能是“維(wei)絡(luo)諸陽”。

十二經別

十二經(jing)別是十二正(zheng)經(jing)離、入、出、合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別行部(bu)分,是正(zheng)經(jing)別行深入體(ti)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)脈(mo)。十二經(jing)別都是從(cong)十二經(jing)脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四肢部(bu)位別出,陽經(jing)經(jing)別合(he)于(yu)(yu)本經(jing),陰經(jing)經(jing)別合(he)于(yu)(yu)相表里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽經(jing)。它(ta)有三個方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生理功能:1、加(jia)強了(le)(le)十二經(jing)脈(mo)中相為表里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩條(tiao)經(jing)脈(mo)在體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系;2、別絡(luo)對其(qi)它(ta)絡(luo)脈(mo)有統率作用,加(jia)強了(le)(le)人(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)聯系;3、灌注氣血濡(ru)養全身。

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