【藥名】:玉竹
【拼(pin)音】:YUZHU
【英文(wen)名(ming)】:Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome
【來源】:為雙子葉(xie)植物藥百合科植物玉(yu)竹的根莖。
【功效(xiao)】:養(yang)陰,潤燥,除煩,止渴。
【主治(zhi)】:治(zhi)熱病陰(yin)傷(shang),咳嗽煩渴,虛勞(lao)發熱,消(xiao)谷易饑,小便頻數(shu)。
【性味歸經】:甘,平。①《本經》:“味甘,平。” ②《吳普本草》:“神農:苦(ku);桐君、雷公、扁鵲:甘(gan),無毒;辛。” ③《滇(dian)南本草(cao)》:“味甘(gan)微苦(ku),性平微溫(wen)。” ④《藥材學》:“味甘(gan),性微寒(han)。” 入肺、胃經(jing)。 ①《滇(dian)南本草(cao)》:入脾。②《本草(cao)通玄》:入腎。
【用法用量】:內服:煎湯(tang),2~3錢;熬膏或入(ru)丸、散。
【用藥忌宜】:胃有痰濕氣滯者忌服。 ①《本(ben)草崇(chong)原》:“陰(yin)病內寒,此為大忌。” ②《本(ben)草備要》: “畏(wei)咸鹵(lu)。”
【別名】:熒、委(wei)萎(wei)(《爾雅》)、女萎(wei)(《本經(jing)》)、萎(wei)簃(《說文》)、葳蕤、王馬(ma)、節(jie)地、蟲(chong)蟬(chan)、烏萎(wei)(《吳普本草(cao)(cao)》)、青粘、黃芝(zhi)、地節(jie)(《三國志》)、萎(wei)蕤、馬(ma)熏(《別錄》)、女草(cao)(cao)、娃草(cao)(cao)、麗草(cao)(cao)(《西陽雜俎(zu)》)、葳參、玉(yu)術(《滇南本草(cao)(cao)》)、萎(wei)香(《綱目》)、小(xiao)筆管菜(《盛京通志》)、山(shan)玉(yu)竹(zhu)(《鐵(tie)嶺縣志》)、十(shi)樣錯、竹(zhu)七(qi)根、竹(zhu)節(jie)黃、黃腳雞(ji)、百解藥(《貴州民間(jian)方藥集(ji)》)、山(shan)鈴子草(cao)(cao)、鈴鐺菜、燈(deng)籠菜、山(shan)包米(《東(dong)北(bei)藥植志》)、山(shan)姜、黃蔓(man)菁(《山(shan)東(dong)中(zhong)藥》)、蘆莉花(hua)(《黑龍(long)江中(zhong)藥》)、尾參(《湖南藥物志》)、連竹(zhu)、西竹(zhu)(《山(shan)東(dong)中(zhong)藥》)
【處方名】:玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)、葳蕤、萎蕤、肥玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)、明玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)、生玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)、蒸玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)等
處方(fang)中寫玉(yu)竹(zhu)、葳蕤、萎蕤、肥玉(yu)竹(zhu)、明玉(yu)竹(zhu)均指生玉(yu)竹(zhu),為原藥材除去須根,洗凈(jing)曬干,切段(duan)生用入藥者。
蒸玉竹又名炙玉竹、制(zhi)玉竹。為(wei)凈玉竹反復蒸悶二三(san)次,至內外呈黑色(se)為(wei)度,然后(hou)切片曬干(gan)入藥者。
【商品(pin)名】:玉竹(zhu)、葳(wei)蕤、萎蕤,以根莖(jing)粗長、肉厚光(guang)潤、色黃(huang)白(bai)、無干姜皮、干燥、不泛油(you)者為佳。
【動植(zhi)物資源分(fen)(fen)布(bu)】:全國(guo)大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地區有分(fen)(fen)布(bu),并有栽培(pei)。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)吉林、遼寧等地。
【藥材的采(cai)收(shou)與儲藏】:春、秋二季都可采(cai)挖,除(chu)去莖葉、須根和(he)泥土,晾(liang)曬(shai)至外(wai)表有粘液滲出,輕撞去毛(mao),分開大小,繼續晾(liang)曬(shai)至微(wei)黃色,進行揉(rou)搓、晾(liang)曬(shai),如此反復數(shu)次,至柔(rou)潤(run)光亮(liang)、無硬(ying)心,再(zai)曬(shai)至足(zu)干(gan)(gan)。或將鮮玉(yu)竹蒸透后,邊(bian)曬(shai)邊(bian)揉(rou),至柔(rou)軟而透明時再(zai)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)。收(shou)貯(zhu)于干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)通(tong)風處,防霉蛀走(zou)油。
【拉丁名(ming)】:藥材Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati原(yuan)植物玉竹(zhu)Polygonatumodoratum (Mill.) Druce var. Plu-riflorum ( Miq. ) Ohwi
【炮制方(fang)法】:玉竹(zhu):除去雜質(zhi),洗凈泥土(tu),悶潤至內外濕度均勻,切片(pian),曬干(gan)。蒸玉竹(zhu):取洗凈的玉竹(zhu),置蒸器內加熱蒸悶2~3次,至內外均呈(cheng)黑色為度,取出,曬至半(ban)干(gan),切片(pian),再曬至足干(gan)。
【考 證】:出自《吳(wu)普(pu)本(ben)(ben)草(cao)》;①《雷公(gong)炮炙論》:“凡使(萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)),勿用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉤吻(wen)并黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing),其(qi)(qi)(qi)二物(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)(si)(si)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),只是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)誤疾人(ren)。萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)節(jie)(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毛(mao),莖(jing)斑(ban),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)尖處有(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)點。”②陶(tao)弘景(jing)(jing):“《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),《別(bie)(bie)(bie)錄(lu)(lu)》無(wu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),而為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)正同(tong),疑女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)即(ji)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)也(ye),惟名(ming)(ming)(ming)異爾(er)。今(jin)處處有(you)(you)(you)(you),其(qi)(qi)(qi)根(gen)(gen)似(si)(si)(si)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)而小(xiao)異,服(fu)食(shi)家亦(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)市人(ren)別(bie)(bie)(bie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)(wu),根(gen)(gen)形(xing)狀如續(xu)斷,莖(jing)味至苦(ku),乃(nai)(nai)言是(shi)(shi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)根(gen)(gen),出荊州(zhou)。今(jin)療(liao)下(xia)(xia)痢(li)(li)方(fang)多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),而此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)都無(wu)止泄之(zhi)(zhi)說,疑必非(fei)也(ye)。”③《唐(tang)本(ben)(ben)草(cao)》: “女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及苗蔓(man)與(yu)(yu)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)全別(bie)(bie)(bie),列在中品。今(jin)《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》朱書是(shi)(shi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)能效(xiao),墨字乃(nai)(nai)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao),今(jin)以朱書為(wei)(wei)(wei)白字。”④《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)拾遺》:“按女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),蘇(敬)又(you)于中品之(zhi)(zhi)中出之(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)主霍亂泄痢(li)(li)腸鳴,正與(yu)(yu)陶(tao)(弘景(jing)(jing))注(zhu)上(shang)品女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)會,如此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)即(ji)二萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)矣(yi),非(fei)二物(wu)(wu)(wu),蘇乃(nai)(nai)剩出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)。蘇又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun),女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)不(bu)同(tong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)玉竹,為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)似(si)(si)(si)竹,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)節(jie)(jie),為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)(jie)。《魏志·樊阿傳》云(yun)(yun)(yun),青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)粘(zhan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)芝(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)節(jie)(jie),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)即(ji)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),極(ji)似(si)(si)(si)偏(pian)精(jing)(jing)(jing),本(ben)(ben)功(gong)外,主聰(cong)明(ming),調血氣,令人(ren)強壯,和漆葉(xie)(xie)(xie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)散,主五藏(zang)益精(jing)(jing)(jing),去三(san)蟲,潤肌膚,暖(nuan)腰腳,惟有(you)(you)(you)(you)熱(re)(re)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)服(fu),晉嵇(ji)紹(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)胸中寒疹,每(mei)酒后(hou)苦(ku)唾,服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)得愈,草(cao)似(si)(si)(si)竹,取根(gen)(gen)花葉(xie)(xie)(xie)陰干。”⑤《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)圖經(jing)(jing)》:“萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),生泰(tai)山(shan)山(shan)谷丘(qiu)陵(ling),今(jin)滁州(zhou)、舒(shu)州(zhou)及漢中皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)狹而長,表白里青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),亦(yi)(yi)類黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)。莖(jing)于強直似(si)(si)(si)竹箭,干有(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)(jie)。根(gen)(gen)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)多(duo)(duo)須(xu),大如指,長一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、二尺,或云(yun)(yun)(yun)可(ke)(ke)啖。三(san)月開青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)花,結圓實(shi)。立春后(hou)采根(gen)(gen)陰干用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》與(yu)(yu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)條(tiao),云(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)二名(ming)(ming)(ming)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)自是(shi)(shi)二物(wu)(wu)(wu),苗蔓(man)與(yu)(yu)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)全別(bie)(bie)(bie)。《爾(er)雅》謂熒、委(wei)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。郭璞(pu)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun),藥草(cao)也(ye),亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)名(ming)(ming)(ming),疑別(bie)(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),且《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》中品又(you)別(bie)(bie)(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)條(tiao)。蘇恭云(yun)(yun)(yun),即(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),今(jin)《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》朱書是(shi)(shi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)能效(xiao),黑字是(shi)(shi)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。觀古方(fang)書所用(yong)(yong)(yong),則(ze)似(si)(si)(si)差(cha)別(bie)(bie)(bie)。胡洽(qia)治(zhi)(zhi)時氣洞下(xia)(xia)?下(xia)(xia),有(you)(you)(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丸;治(zhi)(zhi)傷寒冷下(xia)(xia),結腸丸中用(yong)(yong)(yong)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);治(zhi)(zhi)虛勞,小(xiao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)耆酒云(yun)(yun)(yun),下(xia)(xia)痢(li)(li)者加女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。詳此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數方(fang)所用(yong)(yong)(yong),乃(nai)(nai)似(si)(si)(si)中品女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),緣其(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)溫,主霍亂、泄痢(li)(li)故(gu)也(ye)。又(you)主賊(zei)風手(shou)足枯(ku)痹,四(si)肢拘攣,茵芋酒中用(yong)(yong)(yong)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);及《古今(jin)錄(lu)(lu)驗》治(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)體(ti)瘍瘍斑(ban)剝女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)膏,乃(nai)(nai)似(si)(si)(si)朱字女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),緣其(qi)(qi)(qi)主中風不(bu)能動搖,及去?好色故(gu)也(ye)。又(you)治(zhi)(zhi)傷寒七(qi)、八日不(bu)解(jie),續(xu)命鱉甲(jia)湯,治(zhi)(zhi)腳弱鱉甲(jia)湯并用(yong)(yong)(yong)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui);及《延年》方(fang)主風熱(re)(re),項(xiang)急痛(tong),四(si)肢骨(gu)肉(rou)煩熱(re)(re),萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)飲;又(you)主虛風熱(re)(re)發,即(ji)頭熱(re)(re)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)丸,乃(nai)(nai)似(si)(si)(si)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)黑字女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),緣其(qi)(qi)(qi)主虛熱(re)(re)濕(shi)毒腰痛(tong)故(gu)也(ye)。三(san)者主治(zhi)(zhi)既(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie),則(ze)非(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)矣(yi)。然陳藏(zang)器以為(wei)(wei)(wei)更(geng)非(fei)二物(wu)(wu)(wu),是(shi)(shi)不(bu)然矣(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)性(xing)平(ping)味甘,中品女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),味辛性(xing)溫,性(xing)味既(ji)殊,安得為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun):萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)節(jie)(jie),極(ji)似(si)(si)(si)偏(pian)精(jing)(jing)(jing),疑即(ji)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)粘(zhan),華(hua)佗所服(fu)漆葉(xie)(xie)(xie)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)粘(zhan)散是(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)。然世無(wu)復(fu)能辨者,非(fei)敢以為(wei)(wei)(wei)信然耳。”⑥《綱(gang)目》:“《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),乃(nai)(nai)《爾(er)雅》委(wei)、萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二字,即(ji)《別(bie)(bie)(bie)錄(lu)(lu)》萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)也(ye),上(shang)古抄寫訛為(wei)(wei)(wei)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)爾(er)。古方(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)傷寒風虛用(yong)(yong)(yong)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者,即(ji)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)也(ye),皆(jie)(jie)承《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)》之(zhi)(zhi)訛而稱之(zhi)(zhi),諸家不(bu)察,因中品有(you)(you)(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),名(ming)(ming)(ming)字相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),遂致(zhi)費辯如此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。……其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)泄痢(li)(li)女(nv)(nv)(nv)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),乃(nai)(nai)蔓(man)草(cao)也(ye)。”“蘇頌注(zhu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing),疑青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)粘(zhan)是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)。今(jin)考黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)、萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),性(xing)味功(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong),大抵(di)相(xiang)(xiang)近,而萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)更(geng)勝,故(gu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)粘(zhan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)芝(zhi)(zhi),與(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)同(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)地(di)節(jie)(jie),與(yu)(yu)萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)同(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming),則(ze)二物(wu)(wu)(wu)雖通用(yong)(yong)(yong)亦(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)。”“萎(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),處處山(shan)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)根(gen)(gen)橫生如黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing),差(cha)小(xiao),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白色,性(xing)柔多(duo)(duo)須(xu),最難燥。其(qi)(qi)(qi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)如竹,兩兩相(xiang)(xiang)值(zhi),亦(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)采根(gen)(gen)種之(zhi)(zhi),極(ji)易繁(fan)也(ye)。嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)及根(gen)(gen),并可(ke)(ke)煮淘食(shi)茹。”
【生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)鑒定】:干燥(zao)(zao)根莖(jing),呈(cheng)細(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)或(huo)略(lve)扁(bian),多(duo)(duo)不(bu)(bu)分(fen)枝,長(chang)(chang)5~15厘(li)米(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑0.5~l厘(li)米(mi),表面淡黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色或(huo)淡黃(huang)(huang)(huang)棕色,半透明,稍粗糙(cao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)細(xi)(xi)縱(zong)(zong)皺紋,節(jie)(jie)明顯(xian)(xian),呈(cheng)稍隆起的(de)(de)波狀(zhuang)環,節(jie)(jie)問長(chang)(chang)度多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)在1厘(li)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),節(jie)(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)(ze)散(san)在的(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)根痕,較大(da)的(de)(de)根痕呈(cheng)疣(you)狀(zhuang)突起,有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)可(ke)見(jian)圓(yuan)盤(pan)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)地上(shang)莖(jing)痕跡。干燥(zao)(zao)者(zhe)質堅(jian)硬,角(jiao)質樣而(er)(er)(er)(er)脆,受潮則(ze)(ze)變(bian)柔(rou)(rou)軟(ruan)。折斷面帶(dai)顆粒是(shi)女萎(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)》二物(wu)混同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)故(gu)耳。”③《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)新編》:“萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)性純,其(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)甚緩(huan),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)救(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急(ji),必(bi)須(xu)多(duo)(duo)服始妙。用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)湯劑(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),冀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速效難矣。且萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)補(bu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin),必(bi)須(xu)人參補(bu)陽(yang),則(ze)(ze)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)既濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙,而(er)(er)(er)(er)所(suo)收之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)實奇。故(gu)中(zhong)風(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癥,萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)與(yu)人參并(bing)服,必(bi)無痿(wei)廢(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)憂;驚狂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing),萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)與(yu)人參同(tong)飲,斷少死亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痛(tong)。蓋人參得(de)萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)益(yi)(yi)力,萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)得(de)人參而(er)(er)(er)(er)鼓勇也(ye)(ye)。” ④《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)備要(yao)》:“萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),溫(wen)(wen)潤(run)(run)甘(gan)(gan)平(ping),中(zhong)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),若(ruo)蜜制作丸(wan),服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)斤,自有(you)(you)(you)(you)殊功(gong)(gong)(gong),與(yu)服何首烏(wu)、地黃(huang)(huang)(huang)者(zhe),同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)理(li)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)僅加數(shu)(shu)分(fen)于(yu)煎劑(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)代參芪(qi)(qi),則(ze)(ze)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠矣。大(da)抵此藥(yao)(yao)性緩(huan),久服方(fang)能(neng)(neng)見(jian)功(gong)(gong)(gong),而(er)(er)(er)(er)所(suo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)多(duo)(duo)風(feng)濕虛(xu)(xu)(xu)勞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)證(zheng),故(gu)?仙以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服食,南陽(yang)用(yong)(yong)治(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)溫(wen)(wen),《千金》、《外(wai)(wai)臺》亦間用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未嘗恃(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重劑(ji)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)急(ji)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng),必(bi)須(xu)參、芪(qi)(qi),方(fang)能(neng)(neng)復(fu)脈回(hui)陽(yang),斯時(shi)即用(yong)(yong)萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)斤許,亦不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)敵參、芪(qi)(qi)數(shu)(shu)分(fen)也(ye)(ye)。(若(ruo))因李時(shi)珍有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)代參、芪(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語,凡遇虛(xu)(xu)(xu)證(zheng),輒加用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曾何益(yi)(yi)于(yu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)毫哉。”⑤《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)便讀(du)》:“萎(wei)(wei)蕤(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui),質潤(run)(run)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),培(pei)養肺、脾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin),是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)長(chang)(chang),而(er)(er)(er)(er)搜風(feng)散(san)熱(re)(re)諸(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi),似(si)非質潤(run)(run)味甘(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)可(ke)取效也(ye)(ye)。如風(feng)熱(re)(re)風(feng)溫(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬虛(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe),亦可(ke)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考玉竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性味、功(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong),與(yu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)相似(si),自能(neng)(neng)推想,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)溫(wen)(wen)風(feng)熱(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng),最易(yi)(yi)(yi)傷陰(yin)(yin)(yin),而(er)(er)(er)(er)養陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao),又易(yi)(yi)(yi)礙邪(xie)(xie),唯玉竹甘(gan)(gan)平(ping)滋潤(run)(run),雖補(bu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)礙邪(xie)(xie),故(gu)古(gu)人立方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)取乎此也(ye)(ye)。”⑥《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)正(zheng)義(yi)》:“玉竹,味甘(gan)(gan)多(duo)(duo)脂,柔(rou)(rou)潤(run)(run)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)》雖不(bu)(bu)言其(qi)(qi)(qi)寒,然(ran)所(suo)治(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)燥(zao)(zao)熱(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing),其(qi)(qi)(qi)寒何如(可(ke)知(zhi))。古(gu)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)熱(re)(re),蓋柔(rou)(rou)潤(run)(run)能(neng)(neng)息風(feng)耳,陰(yin)(yin)(yin)寒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質,非能(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)來之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)邪(xie)(xie)。凡熱(re)(re)邪(xie)(xie)燔灼,火盛(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)風(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)最宜。今惟以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)肺胃(wei)燥(zao)(zao)熱(re)(re),津液(ye)枯涸,口渴嗌干等(deng)(deng)證(zheng),而(er)(er)(er)(er)胃(wei)火熾(chi)盛(sheng),燥(zao)(zao)渴消谷,多(duo)(duo)食易(yi)(yi)(yi)饑者(zhe),尤有(you)(you)(you)(you)捷效。《千金》及(ji)朱肱以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)溫(wen)(wen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藥(yao)(yao),正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)風(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing),內熱(re)(re)蒸騰,由熱(re)(re)生(sheng)(sheng)風(feng),本(ben)(ben)非外(wai)(wai)感(gan),而(er)(er)(er)(er)熱(re)(re)勢(shi)最盛(sheng),津液(ye)易(yi)(yi)(yi)傷,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉竹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)。甄權謂頭(tou)不(bu)(bu)安(an)者(zhe),加用(yong)(yong)此物(wu),亦指肝火猖狂,風(feng)陽(yang)上(shang)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)痛(tong),甘(gan)(gan)寒柔(rou)(rou)潤(run)(run),正(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)息風(feng)清火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙用(yong)(yong),豈(qi)(qi)謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)通治(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)頭(tou)痛(tong)耶?”“《本(ben)(ben)經(jing)》諸(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)三字,是(shi)總結上(shang)文暴(bao)熱(re)(re)諸(zhu)(zhu)句,隱(yin)庵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言甚是(shi)。乃(nai)昔(xi)人誤(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泛指諸(zhu)(zhu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言。故(gu)甄權則(ze)(ze)曰內補(bu)不(bu)(bu)足(zu);蕭(xiao)炳則(ze)(ze)曰補(bu)中(zhong)益(yi)(yi)氣;日華則(ze)(ze)曰補(bu)五勞七傷虛(xu)(xu)(xu)損;瀕湖則(ze)(ze)曰主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)脾胃(wei)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)乏(fa),男子小(xiao)便頻數(shu)(shu)失精(jing),一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)損,且謂治(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)勞寒熱(re)(re),及(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng),用(yong)(yong)代參、耆(qi),不(bu)(bu)寒不(bu)(bu)燥(zao)(zao),大(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)奇功(gong)(gong)(gong),幾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞瘵痹(bi)起死回(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神劑(ji)。不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)柔(rou)(rou)潤(run)(run)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,純陰(yin)(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)事,已足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戕生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,況虛(xu)(xu)(xu)勞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing),陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)并(bing)虧,縱(zong)(zong)使虛(xu)(xu)(xu)火鴟張,亦無寒涼直(zhi)(zhi)析之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,又豈(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)寒膩滯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質,而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)補(bu)中(zhong)益(yi)(yi)氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),諸(zhu)(zhu)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說,皆(jie)誤(wu)讀(du)《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)經(jing)》諸(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)三字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎。”下(xia)列同(tong)屬植物(wu),亦同(tong)等(deng)(deng)入(ru)藥(yao)(yao): ①熱(re)(re)河黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing) Poly-gonatum macropodiumTurcz.,參見(jian)“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)”條(tiao)(tiao)。②小(xiao)玉竹 Polygona-tum involucratum Ma-xim.分(fen)布我國東(dong)北(bei)及(ji)河北(bei)、河南、山西(xi)等(deng)(deng)地。③毛筒玉竹 Polygonatum inflatum Komar.多(duo)(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本(ben)(ben),高30~45厘(li)米(mi)。葉互生(sheng)(sheng);橢圓(yuan)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)7~11厘(li)米(mi),寬4.5~7厘(li)米(mi),下(xia)面稍帶(dai)粉狀(zhuang);葉柄短。總花(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)2~2.5厘(li)米(mi),著生(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)2~5朵;基部有(you)(you)(you)(you)膜(mo)質小(xiao)苞片(pian)4,披針狀(zhuang)線形(xing);花(hua)冠淡綠色,內側(ce)6條(tiao)(tiao)脈有(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)色柔(rou)(rou)毛。顯(xian)(xian)微鑒定:根莖(jing)橫(heng)切(qie)面:表皮(pi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)排列整(zheng)齊,外(wai)(wai)壁較厚,角(jiao)質化。皮(pi)層與(yu)中(zhong)柱界限不(bu)(bu)明顯(xian)(xian)。薄壁組織(zhi)中(zhong)散(san)列多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)類圓(yuan)形(xing)粘液(ye)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),直(zhi)(zhi)徑60-190μm,內含草(cao)(cao)酸鈣針晶束。維管束多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限外(wai)(wai)韌型,稀為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周木(mu)型,散(san)列。本(ben)(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)含淀粉粒。
【中藥化學成(cheng)分(fen)】:根(gen)莖含(han)(han)(han)鈴蘭苦甙、鈴蘭甙、以(yi)及(ji)(ji)山(shan)柰酚甙、槲皮(pi)醇甙和維(wei)生素A,尚含(han)(han)(han)淀粉25、6-30、6%及(ji)(ji)粘液(ye)(ye)質。葉及(ji)(ji)根(gen)莖又含(han)(han)(han)吖丁啶-2-羧酸(suan)(Azetidine-z-carboxylic acid)。根(gen)莖含(han)(han)(han)粘液(ye)(ye)質(糸多(duo)(duo)聚(ju)糖(tang),水解成(cheng)D-果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)糖(tang)81.7%、葡萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)及(ji)(ji)阿(a)拉伯糖(tang)),微量皂甙,白屈菜酸(suan)(chelidonic acid),環氮丁烷-2-羧酸(suan)(azetidin-2-carboxylic acid)約0.13%,山(shan)柰素阿(a)拉伯糖(tang)甙及(ji)(ji)天冬酰胺、鞣質;另謂含(han)(han)(han)甾(zai)甙。根(gen)莖含(han)(han)(han)一種(zhong)(zhong)粘多(duo)(duo)糖(tang)-玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)(zhu)粘多(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(odoratam),平均(jun)分(fen)子量約為500,000,由D-果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)糖(tang)、D-甘露(lu)糖(tang)、D-葡萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)、半乳糖(tang)醛酸(suan)(6:3:1:1.5)所組成(cheng)。還含(han)(han)(han)有(you)4種(zhong)(zhong)玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)(zhu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聚(ju)糖(tang)(polygonatum fructan O-A,B,C,D):玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)(zhu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聚(ju)糖(tang)甲、玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)(zhu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聚(ju)糖(tang)乙、玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)(zhu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聚(ju)糖(tang)丙、玉(yu)(yu)竹(zhu)(zhu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聚(ju)糖(tang)丁等。
【中藥(yao)化學(xue)鑒定】:紙(zhi)層(ceng)析(xi):取本(ben)品(pin)(pin)甲(jia)醇提取液(ye)(ye),回(hui)收(shou)甲(jia)醇,殘渣用水(shui)煎煮(zhu)后,加乙(yi)醇成65%乙(yi)醇液(ye)(ye),得白(bai)色(se)絮狀沉(chen)淀,沉(chen)淀加0.5mol/L硫酸加熱2h得透(tou)明溶液(ye)(ye),用碳酸鋇中和(he)后,加入(ru)氫型強酸性陽樹(shu)脂過(guo)夜,濾(lv)過(guo)樹(shu)脂,濃縮后得樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)液(ye)(ye),點(dian)于層(ceng)析(xi)濾(lv)紙(zhi)上(shang)(shang),苯(ben)酚-水(shui)-濃氨水(shui)(40g:10ml:5 滴),下行展開,以鄰苯(ben)二甲(jia)酸-苯(ben)胺顯色(se),半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、果糖為(wei)標準品(pin)(pin),樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)液(ye)(ye)色(se)譜(pu)在與對照品(pin)(pin)色(se)譜(pu)的相應位置上(shang)(shang)有相同顏色(se)的斑點(dian)。 文章來源:華(hua)夏康復網(wang)
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