張虹 河南省洛陽正骨(gu)醫院(yuan)
附子配白術
附(fu)子溫腎暖脾、散(san)寒除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)。白術(shu)(shu)補(bu)(bu)益(yi)脾氣、燥(zao)濕(shi)利濕(shi)。二(er)藥(yao)配(pei)伍,互補(bu)(bu)為(wei)用(yong),附(fu)子燥(zao)熱,可助白術(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)濕(shi),故溫陽(yang)散(san)寒,健脾除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)之力(li)增強。另外(wai),附(fu)子溫經散(san)寒,能通行十二(er)經,白術(shu)(shu)燥(zao)濕(shi),兩者合用(yong)則(ze)還有祛寒濕(shi),通經絡之功。張元素:“附(fu)子以白術(shu)(shu)為(wei)佐,乃除(chu)(chu)寒濕(shi)之圣藥(yao),濕(shi)藥(yao)少加(jia)之引經。”兩者配(pei)伍,組成祛寒濕(shi)之劑,主治(zhi)寒濕(shi)引起(qi)的痹證。附(fu)子配(pei)白術(shu)(shu),見于《金匱要略》白術(shu)(shu)附(fu)子湯。
附子配白芍
附(fu)(fu)子(zi)溫陽(yang)(yang)散寒(han),回陽(yang)(yang)救逆(ni)。白芍養(yang)血斂陰(yin),緩急止(zhi)痛(tong),和(he)營柔肝(gan)。二藥一(yi)陽(yang)(yang)一(yi)陰(yin),一(yi)寒(han)一(yi)熱,一(yi)收一(yi)散,相(xiang)反相(xiang)成,附(fu)(fu)子(zi)以溫腎之真陽(yang)(yang)推動臟腑氣血,助白芍滋養(yang)陰(yin)血。白芍酸收斂陰(yin),兼緩附(fu)(fu)子(zi)燥烈,使溫陽(yang)(yang)散寒(han)而不(bu)傷陰(yin)耗血。附(fu)(fu)子(zi)配(pei)白芍,則回陽(yang)(yang)而益陰(yin)、祛寒(han)而止(zhi)痛(tong)。主治四肢麻木,關節疼痛(tong)。附(fu)(fu)子(zi)配(pei)白芍,見于《傷寒(han)論》附(fu)(fu)子(zi)湯。
附子配桂枝
附(fu)子(zi)通(tong)(tong)行十(shi)二經(jing)(jing),逐寒(han)(han)祛濕止(zhi)痛,通(tong)(tong)利關節(jie)。桂技溫(wen)經(jing)(jing)散寒(han)(han),有橫通(tong)(tong)肢節(jie)的特(te)點。二藥(yao)配伍,可增強溫(wen)通(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)脈(mo),散寒(han)(han)止(zhi)痛功用。主治(zhi)關節(jie)炎(yan)、類(lei)風濕性關節(jie)炎(yan)。附(fu)子(zi)配桂枝,見于《傷寒(han)(han)論》桂枝附(fu)子(zi)湯。
附子配細辛
附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)長(chang)于(yu)溫散(san)里(li)(li)寒(han)。細(xi)辛長(chang)于(yu)疏散(san)表寒(han),止(zhi)痛(tong)。二藥配伍,表里(li)(li)兼顧。陽復(fu)表解(jie),在內(nei)之寒(han)附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)溫之細(xi)辛助之;在外之寒(han)細(xi)辛疏之附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)輔之,加(jia)強了溫陽解(jie)表、散(san)寒(han)止(zhi)痛(tong)功(gong)效。《本(ben)草匯言(yan)》:“細(xi)辛,佐姜(jiang)、桂能驅臟腑(fu)之寒(han),佐附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)能散(san)諸(zhu)疾之冷……”主治風濕性關節炎。附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)配細(xi)辛,見(jian)于(yu)《傷(shang)寒(han)論》麻黃附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)細(xi)辛湯。
目錄1拼音(yin)2英文參考3國家(jia)基本藥物4中(zhong)藥名(ming)·附(fu)子(zi)(zi) 4.1拉丁(ding)名(ming)4.2英文名(ming)4.3來源4.4產地4.5性(xing)味歸經4.6功效與主(zhu)治4.7附(fu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)量4.8配伍禁(jin)忌(ji)4.9使用(yong)(yong)禁(jin)忌(ji)4.10化學成分4.11附(fu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥理作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)4.12附(fu)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)毒 4.12.1不良反應機制(zhi)(zhi)4.12.2癥狀(zhuang)4.12.3治療 4.13附(fu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥典標準(zhun) 4.13.1品(pin)名(ming)4.13.2來源4.13.3性(xing)狀(zhuang) 4.13.3.1鹽(yan)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)4.13.3.2黑順片4.13.3.3白附(fu)片 4.13.4鑒別4.13.5檢(jian)查(cha) 4.13.5.1水(shui)分4.13.5.2雙酯型生(sheng)物堿(jian) 4.13.6含(han)量測(ce)定 4.13.6.1色譜條件與系(xi)統適(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)試(shi)驗4.13.6.2對照(zhao)品(pin)溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)備4.13.6.3供試(shi)品(pin)溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)備4.13.6.4測(ce)定法(fa) 4.13.7附(fu)子(zi)(zi)飲片 4.13.7.1炮制(zhi)(zhi) 4.13.7.1.1附(fu)片4.13.7.1.2淡附(fu)片4.13.7.1.3炮附(fu)片 4.13.7.2性(xing)味與歸經4.13.7.3功能與主(zhu)治4.13.7.4用(yong)(yong)法(fa)與用(yong)(yong)量4.13.7.5注意4.13.7.6貯藏 4.13.8出處5方(fang)劑名(ming)·附(fu)子(zi)(zi) 5.1處方(fang)5.2功能主(zhu)治5.3附(fu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)量5.4出處 6參考資(zi)料附(fu):1用(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)藥附(fu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)劑2用(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)藥附(fu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)成藥3古籍中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)*附(fu)子(zi)(zi)藥品(pin)說明書 1拼音(yin) fù zǐ
2英文參考(kao) radix aconiti carmichaeli [朗道漢英字典]
aconite root [湘雅醫學專業詞(ci)典]
monkshood [湘雅醫學專業詞典]
prepared monot [湘雅醫學專業詞典]
radix aconiti [湘雅醫學專業詞典(dian)]
strobal [湘雅(ya)醫(yi)學專業詞(ci)典]
Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata(拉) [中(zhong)醫藥(yao)學名(ming)詞(ci)審定委員會.中(zhong)醫藥(yao)學名(ming)詞(ci)(2004)]
prepared mon monkshood branched root [中(zhong)醫藥(yao)學名(ming)詞(ci)審定委員會(hui).中(zhong)醫藥(yao)學名(ming)詞(ci)(2004)]
3國(guo)家基本(ben)藥物 與附子有關的國(guo)家基本(ben)藥物零售(shou)指導價(jia)格信息
序號 基本藥物
目錄序號 藥品名稱 劑型 規格 單位 零售指
導價格 類別 備注(zhu) 243 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 9g 丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 0.6 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) * 244 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 54g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 3.2 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 245 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 60g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 3.5 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 246 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 120g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 6.6 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 247 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 6g 袋(dai) 0.55 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) *△ 248 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 30g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 2.4 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 249 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 36g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 2.9 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 250 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 40g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 3.2 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 251 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 48g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 3.8 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 252 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 54g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 4.2 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 253 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 60g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 4.6 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 254 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 水(shui)蜜(mi)(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 72g 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 5.5 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 255 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 濃縮(suo)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 200丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 6.3 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) *△ 256 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 濃縮(suo)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 192丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 6.1 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 257 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 濃縮(suo)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 360丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping) 11.1 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 258 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian) 片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)劑 36片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(糖衣) 盒(瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)) 24 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) *△(指用量為一次6~8片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),一日1~3次的品(pin)規) 259 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian) 片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)劑 18片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(糖衣) 盒(瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)) 12.3 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen) 260 20 附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian) 片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)劑 60片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(糖衣) 盒(瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)) 39.3 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)注(zhu):
1、表(biao)中(zhong)備注欄(lan)標注“*”的(de)劑型規格(ge)為(wei)代表(biao)品。
2、表中備注(zhu)欄加注(zhu)“△”的劑型規(gui)格,及同(tong)劑型的其(qi)他規(gui)格為臨時價格。
3、備注(zhu)欄中標示用法用量(liang)的(de)劑(ji)型規(gui)格,該(gai)劑(ji)型中其他規(gui)格的(de)價格是基(ji)于相同用法用量(liang),按(an)《藥(yao)品(pin)差比(bi)價規(gui) 則(ze)》計算的(de)。
4、表中劑型欄中標注的“蜜(mi)丸(wan)”,包括小蜜(mi)丸(wan)和大蜜(mi)丸(wan)。
4中藥名·附子 附子為中藥名,出《神農本草經》。為(wei)毛茛(gen)科植物烏頭Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. 的(de)(de)子(zi)根的(de)(de)加工品[1]。
《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和國藥(yao)典(dian)》(2010年版)記載有此中(zhong)藥(yao)的(de)藥(yao)典(dian)標(biao)準。
附(fu)子或(huo)草烏頭之形長而(er)細者名天雄,功專壯陽(yang)強(qiang)腎,余同附(fu)子[2]。
附子治亡陽汗(han)出,四肢厥冷,脈微欲絕[2]。
附子治脾胃虛(xu)寒,心腹冷痛(tong),嘔吐,泄瀉,冷痢,小兒慢驚(jing),陽虛(xu)外感[2]。
附(fu)子(zi)治腎陽不(bu)足(zu),畏寒肢冷,陽痿,尿頻,陰寒水(shui)腫[2]。
附子治風寒濕痹(bi),陰疽(ju),瘡漏(lou)[2]。
附子為眼科常用溫里藥,具有(you)回(hui)陽救逆,補火助(zhu)陽,散寒止(zhi)痛的功效(xiao):
(1)用于腎陽不足(zu)所致視物昏(hun)花。目珠疼(teng)痛,或兼(jian)有(you)畏寒肢冷、陽痿、尿頻等。多與肉桂、熟(shu)地黃、山茱(zhu)萸等配用。
(2)用(yong)(yong)于少陰傷(shang)寒目病(bing),白睛血絲淡紅,淚(lei)涌如泉,清(qing)涕如水,畏光無眵(chi);或太陰里(li)虛目病(bing),胞瞼浮軟,白睛青藍,面色(se)無澤等(deng)。用(yong)(yong)于前者常與(yu)(yu)麻(ma)黃、細辛合用(yong)(yong)。如麻(ma)黃附子細辛湯(tang);用(yong)(yong)于后(hou)者常與(yu)(yu)人參、白術、泡姜等(deng)配伍,如附子理中湯(tang)。
服藥(yao)時不宜(yi)(yi)飲酒,不宜(yi)(yi)以白酒為(wei)引(yin)[2]。
炮制后(hou)生物堿含量(liang)大為減少。
對實驗(yan)性關節炎有抗炎作用(yong)[2]。
生附子冷(leng)浸液可致心(xin)律不(bu)齊和心(xin)跳(tiao)停止(zhi),煮沸后毒性作用大為降低[2]。
附(fu)子磷脂酸鈣及β谷甾醇等脂類成分具有促進飽和(he)脂肪酸和(he)膽固醇的新陳代(dai)謝作用,減少它們在動(dong)脈壁(bi)的沉著(zhu)和(he)血(xue)液中的含量,曾用于實驗性(xing)動(dong)脈粥(zhou)樣(yang)硬化兔的治(zhi)療(liao),獲初步效(xiao)果[2]。
烏(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿(jian)具局(ju)麻(ma)(先 *** ,后麻(ma)醉)鎮痛及(ji)抗(kang)炎(yan)作用,但系(xi)劇毒(du)藥,安全(quan)范圍小,可使心(xin)率減(jian)慢、心(xin)律紊亂,甚至室(shi)顫[3]。據報告(gao),人口(kou)服烏(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿(jian)0.2mg、川烏(wu)(wu)3~90g即可中毒(du)致(zhi)(zhi)死,致(zhi)(zhi)死原因是呼吸中樞及(ji)心(xin)肌麻(ma)痹[3]。烏(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿(jian)極易水(shui)解(jie),水(shui)解(jie)后毒(du)性大大減(jian)少[3]。
4.12.1不良反應機制 附(fu)子(zi)生(sheng)品毒(du)性大,經加工炮(pao)(pao)制、煎煮及合(he)理(li)配伍可降低(di)附(fu)子(zi)毒(du)性。附(fu)子(zi)炮(pao)(pao)制品煎劑內(nei)常用量3~15g,內(nei)服中毒(du)量15~30g。附(fu)子(zi)的(de)主要毒(du)性是引起心律失常且(qie)呼吸抑制等。[4]
4.12.2癥狀 附子中毒反應與草烏相同,出(chu)現唇舌、手足(zu)發麻(ma),運動(dong)失靈(ling),心(xin)律不(bu)整,甚至心(xin)臟及呼(hu)吸(xi)麻(ma)痹而死亡(wang)。
4.12.3治療 附子中毒(du)的治療要點為(wei)[4]:
1.排(pai)毒(du)? 立即(ji)催吐(tu),洗(xi)胃及導瀉,靜脈(mo)補充液體,以促進毒(du)物(wu)排(pai)泄。
2.解毒? 用阿托品抑制腺體(ti)分(fen)泌(mi),抑制平(ping)滑(hua)肌過度(du)緊張(zhang)狀(zhuang)態,阻斷(duan)迷(mi)走(zou)神(shen)經對心臟的影響(xiang)及興奮呼(hu)吸中樞的作用,使之癥狀(zhuang)得以減輕或(huo)消除。
3.對癥治療 ?呼(hu)吸抑(yi)制時(shi)(shi)可(ke)給予氧氣吸入(ru)及(ji)行人工呼(hu)吸;休克時(shi)(shi)行抗休克治療;體(ti)溫過低(di)時(shi)(shi)給予保溫。
Fuzi
ACONITI LATERALIS RADIX PRAEPARrKA
4.13.2來(lai)源 附(fu)子(zi)(zi)為毛茛(gen)科(ke)植物烏頭(tou)Aconitum carmichaelii Debx的(de)子(zi)(zi)根(gen)的(de)加工品(pin)。6月下旬至8月上旬采挖,除去母(mu)根(gen)、須(xu)根(gen)及(ji)泥沙,習稱(cheng)“泥附(fu)子(zi)(zi)”,加工成下列規格。
(1)選擇個大、均勻的泥(ni)附子(zi),洗凈,浸入膽巴昀水溶液中過夜[5],再加食(shi)鹽(yan).繼續浸泡,每日取出曬晾,并逐漸延長(chang)曬晾時間,直至附子(zi)表面出現大量結晶鹽(yan)粒(鹽(yan)霜)、體質變硬為止,習稱“鹽(yan)附子(zi)”。
(2)取(qu)泥附子 按大(da)小分(fen)別洗凈,浸(jin)入(ru)膽巴的水(shui)溶液中數日[5],連同(tong)浸(jin)液煮至(zhi)(zhi)透心(xin),撈出,水(shui)漂,縱切(qie)成(cheng)厚約0.5cm的片(pian),再用(yong)水(shui)浸(jin)漂,用(yong)調色液使附片(pian)染(ran)成(cheng)濃茶色,取(qu)出,蒸至(zhi)(zhi)出現油面、光(guang)澤后,烘(hong)至(zhi)(zhi)半干(gan),再曬干(gan)或繼續(xu)烘(hong)干(gan),習(xi)稱“黑順片(pian)”。
(3)選擇大小均勻的泥附(fu)子(zi),洗凈,浸入膽(dan)巴的水溶液中數(shu)日[5],連同浸液煮至透(tou)(tou)心,撈出,剝去外皮,縱切成厚約0.3cm的片(pian),用(yong)水浸漂,取出,蒸透(tou)(tou),曬(shai)干,習(xi)稱“白附(fu)片(pian)”。
4.13.3性狀4.13.3.1鹽(yan)附(fu)子 呈圓錐形,長4~7cm,直徑3~5cm。表面灰(hui)黑色(se),被鹽(yan)霜,頂(ding)端有凹陷的芽痕,周圍有瘤狀突起的支(zhi)(zhi)根或支(zhi)(zhi)根痕。體重(zhong),橫(heng)切面灰(hui)褐色(se),可見充滿鹽(yan)霜的小空隙和(he)多(duo)角形形成層環紋(wen),環紋(wen)內側導管束(shu)排(pai)列不整齊。氣微,味成而麻,刺舌。
4.13.3.2黑順片(pian) 為縱切片(pian),上寬下窄,長1.7~5cm,寬0.9~3cm.厚0.2~0.5cm。外皮黑褐(he)色(se),切面(mian)暗(an)黃色(se),油潤具(ju)光澤,半透(tou)明狀,并有縱向導管束。質(zhi)硬而脆,斷面(mian)角(jiao)質(zhi)樣。氣微(wei),味淡。
4.13.3.3白附片 無外皮,黃(huang)白色,半透(tou)明,厚約(yue)0.3cm。
4.13.4鑒(jian)別 取本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)粉末2g,加(jia)(jia)氨試(shi)(shi)(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)3ml潤濕,加(jia)(jia)乙(yi)醚25ml,超聲處理(li)30分鐘,濾(lv)過.濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)揮干,殘渣加(jia)(jia)二氯(lv)甲烷0.5ml使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)解,作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)供試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。另取苯甲酰新烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、苯甲酰烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、苯甲酰次烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),加(jia)(jia)異丙醇(chun)(chun)一(yi)二氯(lv)甲烷(1:1)混(hun)合溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)制成每(mei)1ml各含1mg的(de)混(hun)合溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(單酯型生物堿)。再取新烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、次烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)晶、烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),加(jia)(jia)異丙醇(chun)(chun)一(yi)二氯(lv)甲烷(1:1)混(hun)合溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)制成每(mei)1ml各含1mg的(de)混(hun)合溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(雙酯型生物堿)。照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)薄層色(se)(se)譜(pu)(pu)法(2010年版藥(yao)典(dian)一(yi)部(bu)附錄Ⅵ B)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗,吸取供試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各5~10μl,分別點(dian)于(yu)同一(yi)硅膠G薄層板上,以(yi)正己烷乙(yi)酸乙(yi)酯甲醇(chun)(chun)(6.4:3.6:1)為(wei)展開劑(ji),置(zhi)氨蒸氣飽和20分鐘的(de)展開缸內(nei),展開,取出(chu),晾干,噴(pen)以(yi)稀碘化鉍(bi)鉀(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。供試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)色(se)(se)譜(pu)(pu)中,鹽(yan)附子在與新烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、次烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)色(se)(se)譜(pu)(pu)相應的(de)位置(zhi)上,顯相同顏(yan)色(se)(se)的(de)斑(ban)點(dian);黑(hei)順(shun)片(pian)或白附片(pian)在與苯甲酰新烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、苯甲酰烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、苯甲酰次烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)堿對(dui)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)色(se)(se)譜(pu)(pu)相應的(de)位置(zhi)上,顯相同顏(yan)色(se)(se)的(de)斑(ban)點(dian)。
4.13.5檢查4.13.5.1水分 不得過15.0%(2010年版藥典一(yi)部附錄Ⅸ H 第一(yi)法)。
4.13.5.2雙酯型生物(wu)堿 照[含(han)量測定(ding)]項下色(se)譜條(tiao)件、供試品溶液的制備(bei)方法試驗。
對照品(pin)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的制備 取新(xin)烏頭堿(jian)對照品(pin)、次烏頭堿(jian)對照品(pin)、烏頭堿(jian)對照品(pin)適量,精(jing)密(mi)稱(cheng)定,加異丙(bing)醇(chun)二氯(lv)甲烷(1:1)混合溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)制成每1ml各含5μg的混合溶(rong)液(ye)(ye),即(ji)得。
測(ce)(ce)定(ding)法 分(fen)別(bie)精密吸取上述(shu)對照品溶液與[含量測(ce)(ce)定(ding)]項下供試品溶液各10μl,注入液相色譜儀,測(ce)(ce)定(ding),即得(de)。
本品含雙酯型(xing)生物堿(jian)以新烏(wu)頭(tou)堿(jian)(C33H43NO10)、次(ci)烏(wu)頭(tou)堿(jian)(C32H45NO10)和(he)烏(wu)頭(tou)堿(jian)(C33H43N011)的總(zong)量計,不(bu)得過(guo)0.020%。
4.13.6含量測定 (根據《中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國藥典》(2010年版?第一增補本)刪除原(yuan)“總生(sheng)物堿”項[5])。
照高效液(ye)相色譜法(2010年(nian)版藥典(dian)一(yi)部附錄(lu)Ⅵ D)測定。
4.13.6.1色譜條件與系統(tong)適用性試(shi)驗 以(yi)十八烷基硅烷鍵合硅膠為(wei)填充劑;以(yi)乙腈(jing)四氫呋喃(25:15)為(wei)流(liu)(liu)動相A,以(yi)0.1mol/L醋酸(suan)銨(an)溶液(ye)(每1000ml加冰醋酸(suan)0.5ml)為(wei)流(liu)(liu)動相B,按下(xia)表中的(de)規定進(jin)行(xing)梯度洗脫(tuo),檢測波長為(wei)235nm。理(li)論板數(shu)按苯甲酰新烏(wu)頭原堿峰計算應不(bu)低于(yu)3000。
時間(分鐘) 流動(dong)相A(%) 流動(dong)相B(%) 0~48 15 →26 85→ 74 48~49 26 →35 74 →65 49~58 35 65 58~65 35 →15 65 →85 4.13.6.2對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)品(pin)(pin)溶(rong)(rong)液的制備 取苯甲(jia)酰(xian)新烏頭原(yuan)堿對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)品(pin)(pin)、苯甲(jia)酰(xian)烏頭原(yuan)堿對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)品(pin)(pin)、苯甲(jia)酰(xian)次烏頭原(yuan)堿對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)品(pin)(pin)適(shi)量(liang),精密(mi)稱(cheng)定(ding),加異(yi)丙醇二氯(lv)甲(jia)烷(1:1)混合溶(rong)(rong)液制成每(mei)1ml各含(han)10μg的混合溶(rong)(rong)液,即(ji)得。
4.13.6.3供試品溶(rong)(rong)液的制備(bei) 取本(ben)品粉末(過(guo)(guo)三號篩)約2g,精(jing)密稱定(ding),置(zhi)具(ju)塞錐形瓶中,加(jia)氨(an)試液3ml,精(jing)密加(jia)入異(yi)丙(bing)醇(chun)(chun)乙酸乙酯(zhi)(1:1)混合溶(rong)(rong)液50ml,稱定(ding)重(zhong)量(liang),超聲處理(功(gong)率300W,頻率40kHz,水溫在(zai)25℃以下)30分鐘,放(fang)冷,再稱定(ding)重(zhong)量(liang),用(yong)異(yi)丙(bing)醇(chun)(chun)一乙酸乙酯(zhi)(1:1)混合溶(rong)(rong)液補足(zu)減(jian)失的重(zhong)量(liang),搖勻(yun),濾過(guo)(guo)。精(jing)密量(liang)取續濾液25ml,40℃以下減(jian)壓(ya)回收(shou)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)至干,殘渣(zha)精(jing)密加(jia)入異(yi)丙(bing)醇(chun)(chun)二氯甲烷(wan)(1:1)混合溶(rong)(rong)液3ml溶(rong)(rong)解(jie),濾過(guo)(guo),取續濾液,即(ji)得。
4.13.6.4測定法 分別精密吸取對(dui)照品溶(rong)液與(yu)供試(shi)品溶(rong)液各10μl,注入液相色譜儀,測定,即(ji)得。
本品按干燥品計算,含苯甲(jia)酰(xian)新烏頭(tou)原堿(C31H43NO10)、苯甲(jia)酰(xian)烏頭(tou)原堿(C32H45NO10)和(he)苯甲(jia)酰(xian)次烏頭(tou)原堿(C31H43NO9)的總量,不得(de)少于0.010%。
4.13.7附(fu)子飲片(pian)(pian)4.13.7.1炮(pao)制4.13.7.1.1附(fu)片(pian)(pian) (黑順片(pian)(pian)、白(bai)附(fu)片(pian)(pian)) 直接入藥。
性狀、鑒別、檢查、含(han)量測定
同藥材。
4.13.7.1.2淡(dan)附片 取(qu)鹽(yan)附子,用清水(shui)浸漂(piao).每日(ri)換水(shui)2~3次,至鹽(yan)分漂(piao)盡.與甘草、黑豆加水(shui)共煮透心,至切開后(hou)口嘗無麻舌感時(shi),取(qu)出,除去甘草,黑豆,切薄片,曬(shai)干。
每100kg鹽附(fu)子,用(yong)甘草5kg、黑豆10kg。
本品呈縱切片,上寬(kuan)下(xia)窄,長1.7~5cm,寬(kuan)0.9~3cm,厚0.2~0.5cm。外(wai)皮褐(he)色。切面褐(he)色,半透明(ming),有縱向導管柬。質(zhi)(zhi)硬,斷面角質(zhi)(zhi)樣。氣微,味淡,口嘗無麻舌感。
33H43NO10)、次烏(wu)頭堿(jian)(jian)(C32H45NO10)和烏(wu)頭堿(jian)(jian)(C33H43N011)的總(zong)量計,不得過0.010%。
鑒(jian)別、檢查(水(shui)分)、含量測定(ding)
同藥材。
4.13.7.1.3炮附片 取附片,照燙法(2010年版藥典一部附錄Ⅱ D)用砂燙至鼓起(qi)并微變色。
本品形如黑順片或白附片,表面鼓(gu)起黃棕色(se),質松脆。氣(qi)微,味淡。
(根據《中華人民(min)共和國(guo)藥典》(2010年版?第一增(zeng)補本(ben))刪除(chu)原【含(han)量測定(ding)】總生物堿(jian) 項[5])。
鑒別、檢查
同附片。
4.13.7.2性味與歸經 辛、甘,大熱;有毒。歸心、腎、脾經。
4.13.7.3功能(neng)與主治 回陽(yang)(yang)(yang)救(jiu)逆,補火助陽(yang)(yang)(yang),散寒止痛(tong)。用于亡(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)脫,肢冷脈微(wei),心陽(yang)(yang)(yang)不足(zu),胸(xiong)痹(bi)心痛(tong),虛(xu)(xu)寒吐瀉,脘腹冷痛(tong),腎陽(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)衰,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)痿宮冷,陰寒水腫,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu)(xu)外感,寒濕痹(bi)痛(tong)。
4.13.7.4用法(fa)與用量 3~15g,先煎,久煎。
4.13.7.5注(zhu)意 孕(yun)婦慎用;不(bu)宜與半夏、瓜蔞、瓜萎子、瓜蔞皮(pi)、天(tian)花粉、川(chuan)貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)、浙貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)、平貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)、伊貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)、湖北(bei)貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)、白蘞、白及(ji)同(tong)用。
4.13.7.6貯藏 鹽附子密閉,置(zhi)陰涼干燥(zao)處(chu);黑(hei)順片及白(bai)附片置(zhi)干燥(zao)處(chu),防(fang)潮。
注:鹽附子僅(jin)做(zuo)[性(xing)狀]檢測。
4.13.8出(chu)處 《中(zhong)華人民共和國藥(yao)典》2010年版
5方劑名·附子
6
中藥:黃色是因為不同加工方法出來的
附子
常用川產地道中藥材,毛茛科多年生草本植物飽烏頭的側根(子根)。附子種植起于江油,從唐代開始已有近1700年歷史。現已推廣到全國各地,但川產附子最著名。商品按加工方法分為鹽附子、炮附子、黑附片、白附片、黃附片。
.cn/scenic-spot/sichuan/Sichuan-drug.htm
附子 【名稱】 : 附子/附片/黑附子 【課本參考】 : Lotusea中草藥學 150.00頁
【分類】 : 溫里藥 -- 不分類
【功用】 : 回陽救逆,溫補脾腎,散寒止痛。大辛大熱,溫陽逐寒。
【性味】 : 大辛. 大熱。有毒
【歸經】 : 心、脾、腎.
【用法用量】 : 一錢至三錢,一般認為最好先煎。
【使用注意】 :
【藥名及炮制】 : 制附子、黑附塊、熟附子、淡附片(為烏頭塊根,經?巴水(即鹽鹵)浸后供藥用再用清水漂清后用豆腐同煮,然后去豆腐,乾燥。(外地因炮制方法不同而有熟附片、黃附塊、明附塊等區別,現上海地區不再區分。)生附子、咸附子(為烏頭塊根,經?巴水梫制,洗凈后,切片曬干供應藥用。生附子毒性較熟附片為強,須嚴格控制使用,一般只供外用。)
【方例】 : 四逆湯《傷寒論》:附子、干姜、甘草治療寒少陽病,陰寒內盛,陽氣欲脫,而有腹痛下利,四肢厥冷,脈微細欲絕。【中毒與處理】烏頭堿對各種神精末稍及中樞先興奮后麻痹。致死量:烏頭酊2毫升,烏頭堿2毫克。狀癥:先有唇舌發麻、惡心,手足發麻,繼之運動不一、嘔吐、心慌、面白、膚冷、胸悶、煩燥、痛覺減退、心跳慢弱、血壓下降、呼吸緩慢、吞咽困難、言語障礙、呼吸中樞抑制。間有抽搐,急性心原性腦缺血綜合證。可能突然而死亡。處理:高錳酸鉀洗胃,保暖,注射較大劑量的阿托品。麻痹重者給興奮劑、吸氣、人工呼吸、輸液。休克可用正腎上素、
【應用】 : 1.用于厥逆亡陽、脈微欲絕等癥。附子辛烈而熱,主要用于冷汗自出、四肢厥逆、脈微弱,或因大汗、大吐、大逆的6,常配合人參、干姜、炙甘草等品同用。如果冷汗淋漓、亡陽厥逆者,用附子、人參外,須再加龍骨、牡蠣等固澀斂汗藥;如果大出血后引手足厥冷、汗出脈微,可以用參、附、龍、牡配合麥冬、五味子等同用,以回陽救陰。
2.用于腎陽不足、畏寒肢冷,脾陽不振、腹痛、便溏等癥。附子弁鉈m補元陽,益火之源,凡腎陽不足、命火衰微、畏寒肢冷、陽萎、尿頻之癥,皆可應用,多配伍肉桂、熟地、菟絲子、山萸肉等同用;如脾陽不振、脘腹冷痛、大便溏泄之癥,又可用附子配合益氣溫脾的的黨參、白術、干姜、炙甘草等藥同用。
3.用于風寒濕痹、周身骨節疼痛等癥。附子藥性溫熱,能祛除寒濕,因此對風濕痹痛屬于寒氣偏勝者,有良好的散寒止痛作用,常與桂枝等品合用。
【文獻摘錄】 :
【備述】 : 1.烏頭:植物來源和附子相同,亦為烏頭的塊根,但加工方法稍有不同。烏頭有生、制兩種,通常處方寫制川烏,即為烏頭用清水漂5至臨床應用天,每天換水2至3次,撩起后,每10斤原藥加豆腐二斤半同煮,至無白芯為度。取出揀去豆腐,曬至半乾,切片,烘或曬乾,或軋碎如綠豆大小,供臨床應用。制川烏性味辛溫有毒。有祛風濕、散寒止痛的效用。主治風寒濕痹、半身不遂、寒疝腹痛、陰疽、跌打傷痛等癥。一般不作內服,外用敷治陰疽,有消散作用。
2.草烏:系毛茛科多年生草本野生烏頭屬植物塊根的通稱。制草烏炮制方法同制川烏,性味效用與用法亦相似。生草烏作用和用法,同生川烏。
1.附子一藥,始載于《本經》,因附於烏頭(母根)而生長,故名附子。因此,一般都認為烏頭為母根,附子為子根。但現在上海地區種植烏頭,在收割時不用原來種下的老根,而是挖掘種植后新繁殖的塊根,作為藥用。藥店供應的烏頭與附子,實為一物,僅因炮制方法稍有不同而分為烏頭、附子兩藥。
2.附子藥性剛燥,走而不守,能上助心陽以通脈,中溫脾陽以健運,下補腎陽以益火,是溫裏扶陽的要藥。一般認為應用本品以脈象微細或沉遲或虛大,舌苔薄白或白膩而質淡胖,口不渴,或肢冷畏寒,或大便溏泄等癥為宜。如屬陰虛陽盛,或假寒真熱之癥,誤用附子,則如火上添薪,反使病情增劇,不可不慎。
3.附子的配伍應用較為廣泛,如配以乾姜,可增強回陽救逆的效用;配人參,則溫陽益氣;配肉桂,可補陽益火;配白術,可溫脾燥濕;配茯苓,能溫腎利水;配桂枝,可溫經止痛,配熟地,能補陽滋陰;配蒼術,可散寒除濕;配黃耆,可溫陽固表;配麻黃,可溫經發表。若遇寒熱,附子也可與寒涼藥同用,如配大黃,可溫陽通便;又如配以黃連,可扶陽瀉熱,成方如附子瀉心湯(《傷寒論》:大黃、黃連、黃耆、附子),在臨床上常用治脘腹絞痛、泄瀉不暢、嘔惡心煩,更兼汗多、肢冷、脈弱等癥。
4.附(fu)子(zi)與烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭雖同屬一物,但因(yin)炮制(zhi)方法稍有不同,在臨床應(ying)用(yong)(yong)上(shang)略有差異,一般認為(wei)附(fu)子(zi)以補火(huo)回陽較(jiao)優,烏(wu)(wu)(wu)頭以散寒止痛見長。生(sheng)附(fu)子(zi)、生(sheng)川烏(wu)(wu)(wu)、生(sheng)草(cao)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)皆有劇毒,內(nei)服須加炮制(zhi),入(ru)湯劑須經久煎;生(sheng)者一般只供外用(yong)(yong),但如皮膚破損(sun)者則(ze)不宜應(ying)用(yong)(yong)
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