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使君子是什么?

藥哥明白 2024-01-06 03:27:03

使君子,中(zhong)藥(yao)名。為(wei)使君子科植物使君子L.的干燥成熟果實。秋(qiu)季果皮(pi)變(bian)紫黑(hei)色時采收,除去雜質,干燥。

本品呈橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),具(ju)5條縱(zong)棱,偶有(you)4~9棱,長(chang)2.5~4cm,直(zhi)徑約(yue)2cm。表面(mian)(mian)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)至紫黑(hei)色(se),平(ping)滑,微(wei)具(ju)光澤。頂端狹尖(jian),基部鈍圓(yuan)(yuan),有(you)明顯圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)的(de)果梗(geng)痕。質堅硬,橫切(qie)面(mian)(mian)多呈五(wu)角星形(xing),棱角處殼(ke)較厚,中間呈類圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)空(kong)腔。種(zhong)子長(chang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或紡錘(chui)形(xing),長(chang)約(yue)2cm,直(zhi)徑約(yue)1cm;表面(mian)(mian)棕(zong)褐(he)色(se)或黑(hei)褐(he)色(se),有(you)多數縱(zong)皺紋;種(zhong)皮薄,易剝(bo)離(li);子葉2。黃白色(se),有(you)油性,斷面(mian)(mian)有(you)裂隙。氣微(wei)香,味(wei)微(wei)甜。

想(xiang)了解(jie)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)是什么,首(shou)先掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)其形態特(te)征,在民間傳說也會(hui)有所了解(jie),使(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)是什么,了解(jie)其地理(li)分(fen)(fen)布,生長習性,以及(ji)物種分(fen)(fen)類,掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)栽培技術包(bao)括(kuo),種植(zhi)方法,田間管理(li)。學會(hui)其藥用(yong)價值(zhi),以及(ji)他有很(hen)多的功效(xiao)及(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)含有功能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong),配伍效(xiao)用(yong)。我(wo)們要掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)(wo)好使(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)這(zhe)個藥品的價值(zhi),以及(ji)在臨床上的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法。

使(shi)(shi)君子(zi)(zi)(zi),別名:舀求子(zi)(zi)(zi)、史君子(zi)(zi)(zi)、四君子(zi)(zi)(zi),使(shi)(shi)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)科(ke)、使(shi)(shi)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)屬攀援(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)灌木(mu),高2-8米(mi);小枝被(bei)棕(zong)黃(huang)色短柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。葉對(dui)(dui)生或(huo)(huo)近對(dui)(dui)生,葉片膜質,卵(luan)(luan)形或(huo)(huo)橢圓形,先端(duan)短漸(jian)尖,基部鈍圓,表面(mian)無毛(mao)(mao),背面(mian)有時(shi)疏被(bei)棕(zong)色柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao),幼時(shi)密生銹色柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。頂生穗(sui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花序,組成(cheng)(cheng)傘房花序式;苞片卵(luan)(luan)形至線(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形,被(bei)毛(mao)(mao);具明顯的(de)銳棱角5條,成(cheng)(cheng)熟時(shi)外(wai)果皮脆薄,呈(cheng)青黑色或(huo)(huo)栗色;白色,圓柱狀(zhuang)(zhuang)紡錘形。花期初(chu)夏(xia),果期秋末。種子(zi)(zi)(zi)為中(zhong)藥(yao)中(zhong)最有效(xiao)的(de)驅(qu)蛔藥(yao)之一(yi),對(dui)(dui)小兒寄生蛔蟲(chong)癥療效(xiao)尤著(zhu)。

其形(xing)態特征(zheng),攀援狀灌木(mu),高(gao)2-8米;小枝被(bei)棕黃色短(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)。葉對(dui)生(sheng)或(huo)近對(dui)生(sheng),葉片膜質,卵形(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing),長5-11厘(li)米,寬2.5-5.5厘(li)米,先端短(duan)漸(jian)尖,基(ji)部鈍(dun)圓,表面(mian)無毛(mao),背(bei)面(mian)有時(shi)(shi)疏被(bei)棕色柔(rou)毛(mao),側脈7或(huo)8對(dui);葉柄長5-8毫(hao)米,無關節,幼時(shi)(shi)密生(sheng)銹色柔(rou)毛(mao)。頂生(sheng)穗狀花序(xu),組成傘房花序(xu)式;苞(bao)片卵形(xing)至(zhi)線狀披針形(xing),被(bei)毛(mao)。

萼管(guan)長(chang)5-9厘米(mi),被黃色(se)(se)柔毛,先(xian)端具(ju)廣展、外(wai)彎、小形(xing)的萼齒5枚(mei);花瓣(ban)5,長(chang)1.8-2.4厘米(mi),寬4-10毫米(mi),先(xian)端鈍圓,初為(wei)白色(se)(se),后轉淡(dan)紅色(se)(se);雄蕊10,不突出冠外(wai),外(wai)輪著(zhu)生于花冠基(ji)部,內輪著(zhu)生于萼管(guan)中(zhong)部,花藥長(chang)約(yue)1.5毫米(mi);子房下位,胚(pei)珠3顆。果(guo)卵形(xing),短尖,長(chang)2.7-4厘米(mi),徑(jing)1.2-2.3厘米(mi),無毛,具(ju)明顯的銳棱角5條(tiao),成熟(shu)時(shi)外(wai)果(guo)皮脆(cui)薄(bo),呈青黑色(se)(se)或(huo)栗色(se)(se);種子1顆,白色(se)(se),長(chang)2.5厘米(mi),徑(jing)約(yue)1厘米(mi),圓柱狀紡錘(chui)形(xing)。花期(qi)初夏,果(guo)期(qi)秋末。

使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(學名:L.)是使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)科(ke)、使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)屬(shu)攀援灌(guan)木,別稱:舀求子(zi)、四君(jun)子(zi)、史君(jun)子(zi)。

主要價值

使君子的(de)種(zhong)子為中藥中有(you)效的(de)驅蛔(hui)藥之一,對小兒寄生(sheng)蛔(hui)蟲癥療(liao)效好(hao)。

藥用

藥用(yong)部位:以使君子的(de)果實入藥。

主要成分:主要含使君子酸鉀成分。

藥理(li)作用:驅蛔蟲作用,抗皮膚真(zhen)菌作用。

性味功能(neng):甘,溫,無(wu)毒。殺蟲,消積,健脾。

使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)一種(zhong)植物(wu)的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱,也是(shi)其果實的(de)中藥(yao)名(ming)(ming)稱。別名(ming)(ming)為舀求子(zi)(zi)、史君(jun)子(zi)(zi)等(deng),使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)科(ke)使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)屬植物(wu)。中藥(yao)名(ming)(ming)為使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)根,具降逆止咳(ke)、殺蟲健脾等(deng)功效,主治(zhi)(zhi)咳(ke)嗽、痢疾、蟲積等(deng)治(zhi)(zhi)療,種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)為中藥(yao)中最有(you)效的(de)驅蛔(hui)藥(yao)之一,于(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)療小兒(er)病患(huan)上(shang)至少已有(you)1600多年歷(li)史。

就是出使的君(jun)子(zi),類似戰(zhan)國四君(jun)子(zi)

使(shi)(shi)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(學名(ming):L.)是使(shi)(shi)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)科、使(shi)(shi)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)屬攀援灌(guan)木,葉對生(sheng),橢圓(yuan)形,兩面(mian)均被(bei)灰白色(se)柔毛。穗(sui)狀花(hua)序,倒掛下垂。花(hua)期夏秋。果有(you)五(wu)棱,熟(shu)時(shi)黑色(se),種子(zi)(zi)(zi)白色(se)。

使君子分布(bu)于印度、緬甸、菲律賓和中國。喜溫潤,深根性,根系(xi)分布(bu)廣而深。宜栽(zai)于向陽(yang)背風處。對土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)要求(qiu)不嚴,但以排(pai)水良好的肥沃沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)為最適。

使君(jun)子的(de)種子為中藥中有效的(de)驅蛔藥之(zhi)一,對(dui)小(xiao)兒寄生蛔蟲癥療效好。同時使君(jun)子也(ye)具(ju)有多種化(hua)學成分。

中文名

使君子

學名

L.

別稱

舀求子、四(si)君(jun)子、史(shi)君(jun)子

植物界

被子植物門

使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),中(zhong)藥(yao)名(ming)。為(wei)使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)科植物使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)QuisqualisindicaL.的(de)干(gan)燥成熟(shu)果(guo)實。秋季果(guo)皮(pi)變紫(zi)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)時(shi)采收,除(chu)去雜質(zhi)(zhi),干(gan)燥。本品(pin)呈橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)5條(tiao)縱棱(leng),偶有(you)(you)(you)(you)4~9棱(leng),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5~4cm,直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)約(yue)2cm。表(biao)(biao)面黑(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)至(zhi)紫(zi)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se),平滑,微具(ju)(ju)光澤。頂端(duan)狹(xia)尖(jian),基部鈍圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)果(guo)梗痕。質(zhi)(zhi)堅硬,橫(heng)切(qie)面多呈五角(jiao)星(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),棱(leng)角(jiao)處殼較厚,中(zhong)間呈類圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔(qiang)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)紡(fang)錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)2cm,直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)約(yue)1cm;表(biao)(biao)面棕褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),有(you)(you)(you)(you)多數縱皺紋;種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)薄,易(yi)剝(bo)離;子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)葉(xie)(xie)2。黃白色(se)(se)(se)(se),有(you)(you)(you)(you)油性(xing),斷面有(you)(you)(you)(you)裂隙。氣微香,味微甜。想了解使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)什么,首先(xian)掌(zhang)握其形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)特征,在民間傳說也會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所了解,使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)什么,了解其地理分布,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)習性(xing),以及物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分類,掌(zhang)握栽(zai)培技術包括,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植方法,田間管(guan)理。學會(hui)(hui)其藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)價值,以及他(ta)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很多的(de)功(gong)效及作用(yong)(yong)含有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)能作用(yong)(yong),配伍效用(yong)(yong)。我們要掌(zhang)握好使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)這個(ge)藥(yao)品(pin)的(de)價值,以及在臨床上的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法。使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),別名(ming):舀求子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、史君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、四君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)科、使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)攀援狀(zhuang)(zhuang)灌(guan)木(mu),高2-8米(mi)(mi)(mi);小(xiao)枝(zhi)被(bei)(bei)棕黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)近(jin)(jin)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),葉(xie)(xie)片膜質(zhi)(zhi),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)短漸尖(jian),基部鈍圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),表(biao)(biao)面無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),背面有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),幼時(shi)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)銹色(se)(se)(se)(se)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。頂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)穗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序,組(zu)成傘(san)房(fang)花(hua)序式;苞片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);具(ju)(ju)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)銳(rui)棱(leng)角(jiao)5條(tiao),成熟(shu)時(shi)外(wai)果(guo)皮(pi)脆薄,呈青(qing)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)栗(li)色(se)(se)(se)(se);白色(se)(se)(se)(se),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)紡(fang)錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)期(qi)(qi)初(chu)(chu)夏(xia),果(guo)期(qi)(qi)秋末。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)中(zhong)藥(yao)中(zhong)最有(you)(you)(you)(you)效的(de)驅蛔(hui)藥(yao)之一,對(dui)小(xiao)兒寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛔(hui)蟲(chong)癥療效尤著(zhu)。其形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)特征,攀援狀(zhuang)(zhuang)灌(guan)木(mu),高2-8米(mi)(mi)(mi);小(xiao)枝(zhi)被(bei)(bei)棕黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)近(jin)(jin)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),葉(xie)(xie)片膜質(zhi)(zhi),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-11厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.5-5.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)短漸尖(jian),基部鈍圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),表(biao)(biao)面無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),背面有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),側(ce)脈(mo)7或(huo)8對(dui);葉(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)關節,幼時(shi)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)銹色(se)(se)(se)(se)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。頂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)穗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序,組(zu)成傘(san)房(fang)花(hua)序式;苞片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。萼(e)管(guan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-9厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),先(xian)端(duan)具(ju)(ju)廣展、外(wai)彎、小(xiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)萼(e)齒(chi)5枚;花(hua)瓣5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.8-2.4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)4-10毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)鈍圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),初(chu)(chu)為(wei)白色(se)(se)(se)(se),后(hou)轉淡(dan)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se);雄蕊(rui)10,不(bu)突出冠(guan)外(wai),外(wai)輪著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于花(hua)冠(guan)基部,內(nei)輪著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于萼(e)管(guan)中(zhong)部,花(hua)藥(yao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)房(fang)下位,胚珠3顆。果(guo)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),短尖(jian),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.7-4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)1.2-2.3厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),具(ju)(ju)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)銳(rui)棱(leng)角(jiao)5條(tiao),成熟(shu)時(shi)外(wai)果(guo)皮(pi)脆薄,呈青(qing)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)栗(li)色(se)(se)(se)(se);種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)1顆,白色(se)(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)約(yue)1厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)紡(fang)錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)期(qi)(qi)初(chu)(chu)夏(xia),果(guo)期(qi)(qi)秋末。

【別(bie)名】留求子(《南方草木(mu)狀》)、史(shi)君子(侯寧極《藥(yao)(yao)譜》)、五棱子(《藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)資(zi)料(liao)匯編》)、索子果(guo)(《南寧市藥(yao)(yao)物志》)、冬(dong)均子、病(bing)柑子(《中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)手(shou)冊》)。相傳潘洲醫生郭(guo)使君治(zhi)療小兒諸疾獨用(yong)此藥(yao)(yao),且療效較好(hao),后人為了紀念他(ta),號(hao)此藥(yao)(yao)為使君子。

使君子是一種能夠(gou)入藥(yao)的(de)植物,主產四川、福建、廣東、廣西。本種為古今(jin)中外(wai)著(zhu)名的(de)驅蟲藥(yao),使君子在體外(wai)試驗(yan)中對蚯蚓(yin)、水蛭、豬蛔等均(jun)有較強的(de)抑制(zhi)效果。

處(chu)方中寫使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)、君(jun)子(zi)指殼君(jun)子(zi),或稱殼使(shi)君(jun)。是指帶(dai)殼的(de)果實。

使(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)又(you)名使(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)肉、使(shi)(shi)君(jun)肉、使(shi)(shi)君(jun)仁(ren)、君(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)、君(jun)子(zi)肉。是(shi)將使(shi)(shi)君(jun)子(zi)除去外殼(ke),所得的凈(jing)仁(ren)生用(yong)入藥者(zhe)。

炒(chao)(chao)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)又名炒(chao)(chao)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)肉(rou)、炒(chao)(chao)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)肉(rou)、炒(chao)(chao)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)仁(ren)。是(shi)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)用文火(huo)炒(chao)(chao)至微(wei)黃有香氣入(ru)藥者(zhe)。

是中藥,殺(sha)蟲消(xiao)積,健脾

中(zhong)藥和胃,除(chu)煩(fan),解腥毒,去寒熱

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