據臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)觀察和(he)實驗報道,葛(ge)根素能(neng)(neng)擴張冠狀(zhuang)動脈(mo),降(jiang)低(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)壓,減(jian)慢心(xin)(xin)(xin)率,降(jiang)低(di)(di)心(xin)(xin)(xin)肌耗氧指數(shu)而無明(ming)顯負性(xing)(xing)肌力作用;還可(ke)降(jiang)低(di)(di)膽(dan)固(gu)醇和(he)血(xue)(xue)黏度,改(gai)善(shan)微循(xun)環,保(bao)護(hu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)肌。用于心(xin)(xin)(xin)肌梗死、心(xin)(xin)(xin)絞痛、視網膜動靜(jing)脈(mo)阻塞、突發性(xing)(xing)耳聾(long)的(de)(de)治療(liao)及(ji)制作注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)、膠囊劑用原(yuan)料。葛(ge)根素注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)目(mu)前在臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上廣泛(fan)用于缺(que)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)腦(nao)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)治療(liao)。因(yin)(yin)其臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用療(liao)程長,易發生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)蓄積,產生(sheng)(sheng)毒性(xing)(xing)。隨(sui)著(zhu)葛(ge)根素注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)在臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用的(de)(de)不(bu)斷擴展,有關(guan)不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)報告(gao)也有所增加(jia)。本品所致(zhi)的(de)(de)可(ke)疑不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)主要(yao)(yao)表現為(wei)各種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)敏(min)反應(ying)(ying)(ying),以藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)熱、皮疹、過(guo)(guo)敏(min)性(xing)(xing)哮(xiao)喘、全身(shen)性(xing)(xing)過(guo)(guo)敏(min)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)包括過(guo)(guo)敏(min)性(xing)(xing)休克等表現為(wei)主。發生(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)(guo)敏(min)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)潛(qian)伏期(qi)從十(shi)幾(ji)分鐘(zhong)到(dao)13天不(bu)等,多數(shu)在連續用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)過(guo)(guo)程中出(chu)(chu)現,經停藥(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)抗(kang)過(guo)(guo)敏(min)治療(liao)后恢復(fu)(fu)。葛(ge)根素注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)還可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue),患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)出(chu)(chu)現腰痛、排(pai)尿(niao)(niao)困難和(he)血(xue)(xue)尿(niao)(niao),一般停藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)經對癥藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治療(liao)后緩(huan)解,但有因(yin)(yin)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)致(zhi)死病(bing)(bing)(bing)例。此(ci)外本品還可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)肝(gan)(gan)、腎(shen)損害,患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)出(chu)(chu)現四肢乏力,食欲不(bu)振,黃疸(dan)以及(ji)轉氨酶和(he)血(xue)(xue)鉀、尿(niao)(niao)素氮等明(ming)顯升高,經過(guo)(guo)對癥治療(liao)后肝(gan)(gan)、腎(shen)功能(neng)(neng)恢復(fu)(fu)正常。鑒(jian)于靜(jing)脈(mo)輸注(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)根素注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)引(yin)起(qi)一些不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)(ying)(ying),提(ti)醒廣大醫務人員嚴格(ge)掌握適應(ying)(ying)(ying)癥,加(jia)強臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)監(jian)護(hu),防止嚴重不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)。對老(lao)年體弱患(huan)(huan)者(zhe),應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)血(xue)(xue)常規、肝(gan)(gan)、腎(shen)功能(neng)(neng)等方面的(de)(de)監(jian)測,并注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)療(liao)程不(bu)宜過(guo)(guo)長。值得注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)是,目(mu)前正值冬季,心(xin)(xin)(xin)腦(nao)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)日漸(jian)增多,患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)多自愿要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)輸液(ye)預防疾病(bing)(bing)(bing),因(yin)(yin)此(ci)要(yao)(yao)說(shuo)服患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)能(neng)(neng)口服盡量選用口服制劑。全科醫生(sheng)(sheng)也應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)最近(jin)因(yin)(yin)輸液(ye)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)增多之勢,如過(guo)(guo)敏(min)及(ji)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)損傷肝(gan)(gan)腎(shen)功能(neng)(neng),已有不(bu)少報告(gao),大家應(ying)(ying)(ying)當有所警惕。
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