一
心血管系統的作用
①
強心
加(jia)強心肌收(shou)縮力、改善心臟功(gong)能(neng)，不增加(jia)心肌耗(hao)氧量
②
對血管作用
擴(kuo)張冠脈(mo)，增加(jia)心肌血流(liu)量(liang)；擴(kuo)張外周(zhou)血管(guan)，血流(liu)增加(jia)；腦血流(liu)量(liang)下降(jiang)
③
抗血栓形成
提高(gao)纖(xian)溶酶(mei)活性；延長出、凝血時間(jian)；抑制血小板(ban)聚集（提高(gao)血小板(ban)內(nei)camp水平(ping)抑制txa2合成）；改善血液流變學特(te)性（血粘度降低、紅細胞電泳時間(jian)縮短）
④
改善微循環
二
促進組織(zhi)的修(xiu)復與(yu)再生作用
①
促進組織的修復與再生
丹參制劑治療：壞死心肌清除快；纖維母細胞分化、膠原纖維形成(cheng)較明顯(xian)；肉芽(ya)形成(cheng)比(bi)較成(cheng)熟。局部(bu)淤血減輕、血液循環(huan)改善，愈合時間縮(suo)短。
②
抑制過度增生
對過度增生的纖維(wei)母細胞有抑制作用(yong)。
三
保肝
改善肝微循環。
四
抗菌
丹參制劑中含有隱(yin)丹參酮、二氫丹參酮，對體外的(de)葡萄(tao)球(qiu)菌、大腸桿(gan)(gan)菌、變性桿(gan)(gan)菌有抑制作用。
丹參食療作用：
丹參(can)味苦、微辛，性微寒；心、脾、肝、腎血分(fen)之藥；
具有活(huo)血祛瘀，養血安神，涼(liang)血消腫的功效；
主(zhu)治瘀(yu)血頭(tou)、胸、脅、腹疼痛，積聚，月經不調，痛經經閉，產(chan)后瘀(yu)滯(zhi)腹痛，關節痹痛，跌打瘀(yu)腫，溫病心煩(fan)，血虛心悸，瘡瘍腫毒，丹疹疥癬。
【基原】本品(pin)為雙子葉(xie)植物唇形科(ke)
丹參
bge.
的干燥根及根莖。
【性味歸(gui)經(jing)】苦，微寒。歸(gui)心、肝(gan)經(jing)。
【功效】活血調經(jing)，祛瘀止痛，涼血消癰，清心除(chu)煩(fan)，養血安(an)神。
［主治］月(yue)經(jing)不(bu)調，經(jing)閉痛經(jing)，
癥(zheng)瘕積聚，胸腹刺痛，熱痹疼痛，瘡瘍腫痛，心(xin)煩不眠；肝脾(pi)腫大，心(xin)絞痛。
【應用】
用(yong)于(yu)胸肋(lei)脅痛(tong)，風(feng)濕痹(bi)痛(tong)，癥瘕結塊，瘡瘍腫痛(tong)，跌仆傷痛(tong)，月(yue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)不調，經(jing)(jing)(jing)閉痛(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)，產后瘀痛(tong)等。治療胸肋(lei)疼痛(tong)、癥瘕結塊，以及月(yue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)不調、經(jing)(jing)(jing)閉經(jing)(jing)(jing)痛(tong)具有良(liang)效，常與川芎(xiong)配伍(wu)應用(yong)。在治療胸腹疼痛(tong)屬于(yu)氣滯血瘀方面，往往配合砂(sha)仁、檀香等藥同用(yong)。
用于溫(wen)病熱入營(ying)血、身(shen)發斑(ban)疹、神昏煩(fan)躁。常(chang)與(yu)鮮地黃、水(shui)牛角(jiao)、玄(xuan)參等藥(yao)同用。
用(yong)于心悸怔忡(chong)、失眠。常與酸棗仁(ren)、柏子仁(ren)等藥配(pei)合同用(yong)。
【用法(fa)用量】煎服，9～15g。
活血化淤宜酒炙用。
【使(shi)用注意】反藜蘆。
孕婦慎用。
［不良反應］
1）個別患者(zhe)會出(chu)現胃痛，食欲減少，口(kou)咽干(gan)燥，惡心(xin)嘔吐，與(yu)丹(dan)參能抑制消(xiao)化(hua)液(ye)的(de)分泌有關。宜(yi)停藥，并可(ke)口(kou)服胃舒(shu)平，普魯苯辛等藥，重(zhong)者(zhe)可(ke)皮下注(zhu)射(she)阿托品。
2）個(ge)別晚期(qi)血吸蟲肝脾腫大患者，在(zai)服用(yong)大劑(ji)量(liang)丹(dan)參后(hou)會發生(sheng)上消化道出血。應停用(yong)丹(dan)參，并(bing)給予(yu)止血劑(ji)，維生(sheng)素等。
3）丹參可引起過敏反應，表(biao)現為全身(shen)皮(pi)膚瘙癢，皮(pi)疹(zhen)，蕁(qian)麻(ma)疹(zhen)，有的還伴見胸(xiong)悶憋氣，呼吸困難，甚則惡寒，頭暈，惡心嘔吐，煩躁不(bu)安(an)，隨即面色蒼白，肢冷汗出，血壓下(xia)降，乃至(zhi)昏厥休(xiu)克等。應立即肌注腎上腺素或地塞米松以(yi)及非那根等抗過敏藥(yao)(yao)，同(tong)時用中藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)脈散(san)加減調理。
丹參(can)是有(you)活(huo)血(xue)(xue)調經的作(zuo)用是婦科的要藥功效：活(huo)血(xue)(xue)調經，消癰，涼(liang)血(xue)(xue)安神。可用于女性月經不調，痛(tong)經，經閉。風濕痹痛(tong)。瘡瘍腫(zhong)痛(tong)。熱(re)病神昏，失眠
活(huo)血(xue)祛瘀，安神靜心(xin)。不過(guo)就功(gong)效來說，用(yong)丹(dan)參(can)更好，丹(dan)參(can)也(ye)對心(xin)臟(zang)病(bing)有(you)一定的治療作用(yong)。
丹參(can)花(hua)色素淡，葉片翠綠，適于作(zuo)疏林下的(de)地(di)被、花(hua)境(jing)材(cai)料(liao)，能給人秀(xiu)麗恬靜、重返自(zi)然的(de)感覺。而丹參(can)根(gen)入藥，有活(huo)血祛瘀，安神寧心，消癰(yong)止痛作(zuo)用。主治胸(xiong)痹絞痛、月(yue)經不(bu)調、
一(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管系統的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)①強心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)加強心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)力(li)、改善(shan)(shan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟功能(neng)，不(bu)(bu)增(zeng)加心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)耗氧量(liang)②對(dui)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)擴張冠脈，增(zeng)加心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)；擴張外周(zhou)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)流(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加；腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)下降③抗血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形(xing)成(cheng)提高纖溶酶活(huo)(huo)性(xing)；延長出(chu)(chu)、凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時間；抑(yi)(yi)制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板聚集(ji)（提高血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板內cAMP水平抑(yi)(yi)制TXA2合(he)成(cheng)）；改善(shan)(shan)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)流(liu)(liu)變學特性(xing)（血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)粘度(du)降低、紅細(xi)胞(bao)電泳時間縮(suo)(suo)短）④改善(shan)(shan)微(wei)循(xun)環(huan)二促進組織(zhi)的(de)修(xiu)復與(yu)再生作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)①促進組織(zhi)的(de)修(xiu)復與(yu)再生丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)制劑治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)：壞死心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)清(qing)除(chu)快(kuai)；纖維(wei)母細(xi)胞(bao)分化(hua)(hua)、膠原(yuan)纖維(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)較明顯；肉芽形(xing)成(cheng)比較成(cheng)熟。局部淤血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)減(jian)輕、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)循(xun)環(huan)改善(shan)(shan)，愈合(he)時間縮(suo)(suo)短。②抑(yi)(yi)制過度(du)增(zeng)生對(dui)過度(du)增(zeng)生的(de)纖維(wei)母細(xi)胞(bao)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)制作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。三保肝(gan)改善(shan)(shan)肝(gan)微(wei)循(xun)環(huan)。四抗菌丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)制劑中含有(you)(you)(you)隱丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)酮、二氫丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)酮，對(dui)體外的(de)葡(pu)萄球(qiu)菌、大(da)(da)腸(chang)桿(gan)菌、變性(xing)桿(gan)菌有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)制作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)食療(liao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)味苦(ku)、微(wei)辛(xin)，性(xing)微(wei)寒；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、脾、肝(gan)、腎血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分之藥；具有(you)(you)(you)活(huo)(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)祛瘀(yu)，養(yang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)安神(shen)，涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)消(xiao)(xiao)腫(zhong)的(de)功效(xiao)；主治(zhi)(zhi)瘀(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)頭、胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)、脅、腹(fu)(fu)疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，積聚，月經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)調(diao)(diao)，痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閉，產后瘀(yu)滯(zhi)腹(fu)(fu)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，關節痹(bi)(bi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，跌打瘀(yu)腫(zhong)，溫病心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)煩，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)虛心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)悸，瘡(chuang)瘍(yang)(yang)腫(zhong)毒，丹(dan)(dan)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)疥癬(xian)。【基(ji)原(yuan)】本品為(wei)雙子葉植物唇形(xing)科Labiatae丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)SalviamiltiorrhizaBge.的(de)干(gan)燥根及根莖。【性(xing)味歸(gui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)】苦(ku)，微(wei)寒。歸(gui)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、肝(gan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。【功效(xiao)】活(huo)(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)調(diao)(diao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，祛瘀(yu)止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)消(xiao)(xiao)癰，清(qing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)除(chu)煩，養(yang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)安神(shen)。［主治(zhi)(zhi)］月經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)調(diao)(diao)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閉痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，癥瘕(jia)積聚，胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)腹(fu)(fu)刺痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，熱痹(bi)(bi)疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，瘡(chuang)瘍(yang)(yang)腫(zhong)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)煩不(bu)(bu)眠；肝(gan)脾腫(zhong)大(da)(da)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)絞(jiao)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。【應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)】用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)肋脅痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，風濕痹(bi)(bi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，癥瘕(jia)結(jie)塊(kuai)，瘡(chuang)瘍(yang)(yang)腫(zhong)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，跌仆傷痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，月經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)調(diao)(diao)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閉痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，產后瘀(yu)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)肋疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、癥瘕(jia)結(jie)塊(kuai)，以及月經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)調(diao)(diao)、經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閉經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)(you)良效(xiao)，常與(yu)川芎配(pei)伍應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)腹(fu)(fu)疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)屬于(yu)氣滯(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)瘀(yu)方面(mian)，往往配(pei)合(he)砂仁、檀(tan)香(xiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)藥同用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)溫病熱入營血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、身發斑(ban)疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、神(shen)昏煩躁。常與(yu)鮮地黃、水牛角、玄參(can)(can)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)藥同用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)悸怔忡、失眠。常與(yu)酸(suan)棗仁、柏子仁等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)藥配(pei)合(he)同用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。【用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)】煎服，9～15g。活(huo)(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)淤宜酒炙用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。【使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注意】反(fan)藜蘆。孕婦(fu)慎用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。［不(bu)(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)］1）個別患者(zhe)會出(chu)(chu)現胃痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，食欲減(jian)少，口咽干(gan)燥，惡(e)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)嘔吐(tu)，與(yu)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)能(neng)抑(yi)(yi)制消(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)液(ye)的(de)分泌有(you)(you)(you)關。宜停藥，并可口服胃舒平，普魯苯辛(xin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)藥，重者(zhe)可皮下注射阿托品。2）個別晚期血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)吸蟲肝(gan)脾腫(zhong)大(da)(da)患者(zhe)，在服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)劑量(liang)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)后會發生上消(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)(hua)道出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。應(ying)(ying)停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)，并給予止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)劑，維(wei)生素(su)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。3）丹(dan)(dan)參(can)(can)可引起(qi)過敏反(fan)應(ying)(ying)，表現為(wei)全身皮膚(fu)瘙癢，皮疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，蕁麻疹(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)還伴見胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)悶(men)憋氣，呼吸困(kun)難，甚則(ze)惡(e)寒，頭暈(yun)，惡(e)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)嘔吐(tu)，煩躁不(bu)(bu)安，隨即面(mian)色蒼白，肢(zhi)冷汗出(chu)(chu)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓下降，乃至昏厥休克(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。應(ying)(ying)立即肌(ji)(ji)注腎上腺素(su)或地塞米(mi)松以及非那根等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)抗過敏藥，同時用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中藥生脈散(san)加減(jian)調(diao)(diao)理。
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