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何首烏的種植方法和時間、應該怎樣管理?

藥哥(ge)明白 2023-12-16 10:07:45

何首烏的種(zhong)植(zhi)方法和時(shi)間、應該(gai)怎樣(yang)管(guan)理?

種植(zhi)的(de)(de)時間要(yao)(yao)把握(wo)在4月(yue)份或者5月(yue)份,種植(zhi)前要(yao)(yao)保證土壤(rang)肥力,要(yao)(yao)注意種植(zhi)的(de)(de)溫度(du),還(huan)有(you)土壤(rang)的(de)(de)肥力,要(yao)(yao)注意種植(zhi)密度(du)之(zhi)后,要(yao)(yao)定期修剪枝葉,還(huan)應該做好殺蟲,除草,排(pai)水(shui)工作。

要在春天種(zhong)植種(zhong)植的過(guo)程中,一定要保證深(shen)度和密(mi)度,種(zhong)植前一定要做好種(zhong)子的育苗(miao)工作(zuo),要放在溫水(shui)里面(mian)浸泡(pao)一天左右(you),之后(hou)要及(ji)時澆(jiao)水(shui)施肥要修剪枝葉,做好殺蟲除草的工作(zuo)。

何首(shou)烏是一種(zhong)非常名貴(gui)的中藥材,何首(shou)烏的種(zhong)植方式(shi)需要(yao)(yao)采用一些科學(xue)技(ji)術。并且要(yao)(yao)在生(sheng)長期做好管(guan)理。

首烏的種植(zhi)方法

本發明公開了一種何首烏的規范化種植方法,主要包括以下步驟(1)種苗繁殖:①扦插條的采集;②選地整地;③扦插育苗;④苗期管理;⑤起苗。(2)大田移栽:①選地;②整地;③基肥;④起廂;⑤移栽;⑥補苗。(3)田間管理;①搭架;②上架;③打頂抹葉;④打花序;⑤中耕除草;⑥追肥;⑦灌溉與排水。(4)采收:①何首烏的采收;②首烏藤的采收。本發明得到的何首烏及首烏藤各項指標符合中藥材GAP的內容要求,二年生何首烏藥材產量可達1500~3000kg/畝(鮮),500~1000kg/畝(干),首烏藤100~500kg/畝(干),能規范化大面積種植,種植投資少、效益高,在山區大力發展何首烏產業不僅可以創造可觀的社會經濟效益,還可以帶來很好的生態環境效益。
1、一種(zhong)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)法(fa),包(bao)括(kuo)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)步驟: (1)種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi) ①扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采集(ji)(ji)采集(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間:春(chun)季(ji)(ji)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)3~5月份(fen)(fen)采集(ji)(ji);秋季(ji)(ji)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)7~10月份(fen)(fen)采集(ji)(ji);采集(ji)(ji)方(fang)法(fa):選優良、健壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)植(zhi)株(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)采集(ji)(ji)母株(zhu),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)剔除(chu)病株(zhu)和(he)(he)弱株(zhu);用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鐮刀將(jiang)架上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)相連(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)枝(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)分(fen)割斷,剔掉嫩(nen)枝(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)細小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi),留下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)半(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一年(nian)生(sheng)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng),從莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5cm處(chu)割斷;小(xiao)心(xin)(xin)地(di)(di)(di)拆開(kai)竹(zhu)(zhu)架,連(lian)同(tong)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)一起(qi)帶到平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦(tan)蔭涼處(chu);從竹(zhu)(zhu)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu),小(xiao)心(xin)(xin)地(di)(di)(di)解開(kai)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)規(gui)格用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)剪刀剪取(qu)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm~20cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)棵(ke)留2~ 3個節(jie)(jie),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)切口平(ping)(ping)(ping)滑(hua),距(ju)(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)節(jie)(jie)芽(ya)頭(tou)3cm~4cm,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)切口斜(xie)面(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)滑(hua),距(ju)(ju)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)節(jie)(jie)芽(ya)頭(tou)向下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)2cm,捆(kun)扎成(cheng)把,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)端(duan)要(yao)求平(ping)(ping)(ping)齊,待消毒(du)后(hou)(hou)(hou)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha); ②選地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)選地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦(tan)、水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)方(fang)便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熟土(tu)(tu)(tu),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)塑(su)料大棚作(zuo)(zuo)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)圃;整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牛(niu)耕(geng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人工(gong)翻(fan)(fan)土(tu)(tu)(tu),耕(geng)細耙平(ping)(ping)(ping)土(tu)(tu)(tu)塊,耕(geng)深30cm,檢盡(jin)(jin)雜物(wu);苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝撒(sa)(sa)施(shi)腐(fu)熟牛(niu)廄(jiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2000kg作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),翻(fan)(fan)挖整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)細,耙平(ping)(ping)(ping);起(qi)廂(xiang):廂(xiang)寬(kuan)1.2m、長(chang)(chang)(chang)10m~20m、溝(gou)深10cm、寬(kuan)30cm;土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)消毒(du):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌(jun)靈750倍液噴施(shi)廂(xiang)面(mian),給苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)消毒(du),5天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha); ③扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)處(chu)理:將(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),在(zai)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)前(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)750倍50%可濕(shi)性多菌(jun)靈溶液浸沒消毒(du)5秒鐘(zhong)左(zuo)右(you),瀝干(gan);扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha):在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廂(xiang)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),開(kai)橫溝(gou),溝(gou)距(ju)(ju)8cm、溝(gou)深8cm。將(jiang)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)芽(ya)頭(tou)朝上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),斜(xie)靠(kao)溝(gou)壁,株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)3cm回土(tu)(tu)(tu)填(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping),并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)鋤(chu)頭(tou)錘(chui)緊壓(ya)(ya)實,扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)完畢后(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)透苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持濕(shi)潤; ④苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)管理露地(di)(di)(di)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),應蓋(gai)小(xiao)拱(gong)膜。大棚育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也應注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持棚內苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)溫度(du)(du);溫度(du)(du):保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持膜內溫度(du)(du)18℃~27℃,高(gao)于30℃時(shi)(shi)(shi),揭膜通(tong)風(feng)降溫,持續高(gao)溫時(shi)(shi)(shi)搭(da)遮陽網遮蔭;濕(shi)度(du)(du):發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui);發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)長(chang)(chang)(chang)葉后(hou)(hou)(hou),控制(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)分(fen),生(sheng)根(gen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)葉后(hou)(hou)(hou),視土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)墑情每(mei)(mei)(mei)5~10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)噴水(shui)(shui)一次;除(chu)草(cao)(cao):從扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)后(hou)(hou)(hou)見草(cao)(cao)即除(chu)。人工(gong)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(禁止(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑),注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)松動扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)根(gen)部(bu),以(yi)(yi)免影響扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。除(chu)草(cao)(cao)后(hou)(hou)(hou),澆(jiao)噴一次水(shui)(shui);追肥(fei)(fei)(fei):當(dang)(dang)(dang)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)嫩(nen)枝(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.2%磷(lin)(lin)酸二氫鉀溶液和(he)(he)0.5%尿素溶液用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴霧器噴施(shi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔7天(tian)(tian)一次,共噴3~4次;打尖(jian)(jian)(jian):當(dang)(dang)(dang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)15cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),剪去(qu)(qu)頂尖(jian)(jian)(jian),使(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持在(zai)15cm左(zuo)右(you);煉(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):在(zai)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)半(ban)(ban)(ban)個月,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)15cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),通(tong)風(feng)煉(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao); ⑤起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)一天(tian)(tian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)透苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang);起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)鋤(chu)頭(tou)順溝(gou)小(xiao)心(xin)(xin)挖起(qi)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)出(chu)圃苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao);起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou),當(dang)(dang)(dang)天(tian)(tian)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)不完或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)待運輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存于通(tong)風(feng)、蔭涼處(chu),并(bing)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濕(shi),防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)萎蔫;運輸時(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料筐(kuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)竹(zhu)(zhu)筐(kuang)裝苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),豎放置(zhi),根(gen)系(xi)朝下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),勿擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濕(shi);出(chu)圃苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)求,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)20cm~35cm,地(di)(di)(di)徑(jing)>2mm,根(gen)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達(da),無病蟲危害(hai); (2)大田移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai) ①選地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian):中(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候山(shan)區(qu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)、疏(shu)松、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)層(ceng)厚30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)砂質(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),PH值為6.0~7.5、有機質(zhi)(zhi)>1.0%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);坡(po)度(du)(du)為小(xiao)于15°,緩坡(po)帶或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)15°~25°的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡(po)改梯地(di)(di)(di);土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)必須符合(he)國家《土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準》(GB15618~1995)二級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)準;大氣(qi)(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian):空氣(qi)(qi)無污(wu)染,符合(he)國家《大氣(qi)(qi)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準》(GB3095~96) 二級(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)準,即大氣(qi)(qi)指(zhi)數II為0.6~1.0之(zhi)間。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian):年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)1000mm~1500mm,雨(yu)熱同(tong)期(qi),有可供灌溉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)及(ji)(ji)設施(shi)。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)無污(wu)染,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達(da)到國家《農(nong)田灌溉水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準》(GB5084~85) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準; ②整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)一年(nian)冬(dong)天(tian)(tian),撿盡(jin)(jin)雜物(wu),清(qing)理田園,翻(fan)(fan)耕(geng)30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)再(zai)精耕(geng)一次,耙碎整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping);秋季(ji)(ji)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai),在(zai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)半(ban)(ban)(ban)個月翻(fan)(fan)耕(geng)30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian),再(zai)精耕(geng)耙碎整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)一次;耙碎整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%可濕(shi)性多菌(jun)靈750倍液噴施(shi)和(he)(he)50%辛硫磷(lin)(lin)乳油200ml 拌25kg細土(tu)(tu)(tu)撒(sa)(sa)施(shi)于土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)消毒(du),5天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou),再(zai)起(qi)廂(xiang)供移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)。 ③基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)結合(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)起(qi)廂(xiang),每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)腐(fu)熟牛(niu)廄(jiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2500kg、有機復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)100kg、磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 50kg,將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料按(an)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述(shu)比例混勻后(hou)(hou)(hou)挖溝(gou)距(ju)(ju)1m、寬(kuan)20cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou),均勻地(di)(di)(di)撒(sa)(sa)施(shi)入溝(gou)中(zhong),回土(tu)(tu)(tu)填(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping),并(bing)起(qi)廂(xiang)。 ④起(qi)廂(xiang)以(yi)(yi)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)為廂(xiang)面(mian)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin),兩邊覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)起(qi)廂(xiang),制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)廂(xiang)面(mian)寬(kuan)70cm,廂(xiang)與廂(xiang)之(zhi)間溝(gou)寬(kuan)30cm、溝(gou)深30cm; ⑤移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間:3~6月或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)9~10月份(fen)(fen);選雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)晴天(tian)(tian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)陰(yin)天(tian)(tian)起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai);在(zai)廂(xiang)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)按(an)32cm×30cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)(ju),成(cheng)“品(pin)”字(zi)形栽(zai)(zai)(zai)兩排何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao);畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)4200株(zhu),每(mei)(mei)(mei)窩定植(zhi)1株(zhu);移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)完后(hou)(hou)(hou),如天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)干(gan)旱,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)發(fa)(fa)干(gan)時(shi)(shi)(shi),當(dang)(dang)(dang)天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)定根(gen)水(shui)(shui),并(bing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)疏(shu)通(tong)排水(shui)(shui)溝(gou); ⑥補苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)當(dang)(dang)(dang)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)活(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou),檢查大田中(zhong)缺窩和(he)(he)死苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)情況,及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao); (3)田間管理 ①搭(da)架搭(da)架材料:長(chang)(chang)(chang)2m、粗(cu)1.5~3cm較直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)竿(gan),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)端(duan)削尖(jian)(jian)(jian);搭(da)架方(fang)法(fa):在(zai)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)40天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you),當(dang)(dang)(dang)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)活(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)20cm高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)每(mei)(mei)(mei)行(xing)兩棵(ke)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)間插(cha)(cha)一竹(zhu)(zhu)竿(gan),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)繩子捆(kun)住,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹(zhu)(zhu)竿(gan)連(lian)接起(qi)來搭(da)成(cheng)“人” 字(zi)形架或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)將(jiang)相鄰三棵(ke)竹(zhu)(zhu)竿(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)繩子捆(kun)住,呈錐形架; ②上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)架當(dang)(dang)(dang)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)40cm時(shi)(shi)(shi),人工(gong)幫助莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)按(an)順時(shi)(shi)(shi)針的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向向上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)纏繞,易滑(hua)落的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細繩子輕(qing)輕(qing)將(jiang)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)栓(shuan)在(zai)竹(zhu)(zhu)架上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)只留兩棵(ke)主(zhu)蔓上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)架,將(jiang)其余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)從根(gen)部(bu)剪去(qu)(qu); ③打頂抹葉當(dang)(dang)(dang)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)2m高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),打頂尖(jian)(jian)(jian),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)抹去(qu)(qu)莖(jing)(jing)藤(teng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)30cm以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葉片;當(dang)(dang)(dang)側枝(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)過(guo)于旺盛(sheng)過(guo)密時(shi)(shi)(shi),適當(dang)(dang)(dang)剪除(chu)側枝(zhi)(zhi),防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang); ④打花(hua)(hua)序除(chu)預留采種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)外,其余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)何(he)首(shou)(shou)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)現花(hua)(hua)蕾時(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)剪連(lian)花(hua)(hua)柄一起(qi)剪下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),帶出(chu)地(di)(di)(di)外; ⑤中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)

何首烏種植技術(shu)與栽培管(guan)理

詳情如下:
一、選地整地
選擇坡度小于15°地塊在移栽前15天深翻30cm,撿盡雜物,耙平地面后用50%可濕性多菌靈750倍液噴施和50%辛硫磷乳油200mL 拌25kg細撒施于土壤中,5天后起廂、供移栽用。
直接用中藥材專用肥料或起廂前按每畝有機肥2500kg、有機復合肥100kg、磷肥50kg施入底肥,按間距1m開溝20cm深,撒入混勻的底肥后回溝填平。以施肥溝為廂面中心,廂面寬70cm,廂間開溝,溝寬、溝深各30cm。
二、大田移栽
移栽時間:3~6月或9~10月份;選擇雨后晴天或陰天起苗移栽。按株行距30×25cm、溝深5cm,在每廂內栽植2行何首烏苗,每畝栽植幼苗4500株左右,栽種完成后澆足定根水,栽植完畢后清理好廂溝。
三、田間管理
1. 移栽之后可用中藥材專用除草劑,定期檢查幼苗存活情況,發現缺苗后及時補苗。(在灌溉條件不好的情況下建議覆膜栽培,具體做法如下:廂溝整理好后用乙草胺封閉、覆膜,采用“打孔法”植入幼苗)。
2. 施提苗肥 當苗高大于20cm后用中藥材專用肥料撒施或點施尿素20kg/畝以促進幼苗生長。
3. 搭架 移栽一個月后或何首烏苗高30~40cm時,將2~3cm粗、2m長的竹竿插于兩顆何首烏苗之間,搭建成“人”或“品”字形竹架,上端用繩子捆綁固定;人工輔助何首烏莖藤按順時針方向纏繞于竹架上,每株何首烏只保留2根莖蔓,用剪刀將其余弱、小枝蔓從基部剪去。如果勞動力不夠也可以不搭架,用鐮刀或枝剪控制藤蔓。
4. 病蟲防治 苗期注意防治蚜蟲、盲椿蟓和金龜子。
5. 除草 當發生草害時及時人工拔除或用小鋤頭淺鋤并結合墑情進行灌溉。
6. 打頂 當何首烏莖藤長至2m高時用鐮刀或枝剪剪去莖頂,當側枝生長過旺時適當剪去部分側枝并去除下部(基部35cm以下)老葉。
7. 長烏肥 在8~9月的立秋后結合中耕鋤草施一次長烏肥,每畝施用有機復合肥50~60kg。在兩行之間溝施或在兩株之間穴施。
8. 留種與除花序 除留種地外在何首烏出現花蕾時用枝剪及時剪去花枝。
兩年生何首(shou)烏,在第二(er)年3月(yue)發芽前(qian)(qian)追肥一次(ci)(ci);8~9月(yue)立秋前(qian)(qian)后施(shi)“長烏肥”一次(ci)(ci)。

怎樣栽培何首烏?

詳情如下:
一、選地整地
選擇坡度小于15°地塊在移栽前15天深翻30cm,撿盡雜物,耙平地面后用50%可濕性多菌靈750倍液噴施和50%辛硫磷乳油200mL 拌25kg細撒施于土壤中,5天后起廂、供移栽用。
直接用中藥材專用肥料或起廂前按每畝有機肥2500kg、有機復合肥100kg、磷肥50kg施入底肥,按間距1m開溝20cm深,撒入混勻的底肥后回溝填平。以施肥溝為廂面中心,廂面寬70cm,廂間開溝,溝寬、溝深各30cm。
二、大田移栽
移栽時間:3~6月或9~10月份;選擇雨后晴天或陰天起苗移栽。按株行距30×25cm、溝深5cm,在每廂內栽植2行何首烏苗,每畝栽植幼苗4500株左右,栽種完成后澆足定根水,栽植完畢后清理好廂溝。
三、田間管理
1. 移栽之后可用中藥材專用除草劑,定期檢查幼苗存活情況,發現缺苗后及時補苗。(在灌溉條件不好的情況下建議覆膜栽培,具體做法如下:廂溝整理好后用乙草胺封閉、覆膜,采用“打孔法”植入幼苗)。
2. 施提苗肥 當苗高大于20cm后用中藥材專用肥料撒施或點施尿素20kg/畝以促進幼苗生長。
3. 搭架 移栽一個月后或何首烏苗高30~40cm時,將2~3cm粗、2m長的竹竿插于兩顆何首烏苗之間,搭建成“人”或“品”字形竹架,上端用繩子捆綁固定;人工輔助何首烏莖藤按順時針方向纏繞于竹架上,每株何首烏只保留2根莖蔓,用剪刀將其余弱、小枝蔓從基部剪去。如果勞動力不夠也可以不搭架,用鐮刀或枝剪控制藤蔓。
4. 病蟲防治 苗期注意防治蚜蟲、盲椿蟓和金龜子。
5. 除草 當發生草害時及時人工拔除或用小鋤頭淺鋤并結合墑情進行灌溉。
6. 打頂 當何首烏莖藤長至2m高時用鐮刀或枝剪剪去莖頂,當側枝生長過旺時適當剪去部分側枝并去除下部(基部35cm以下)老葉。
7. 長烏肥 在8~9月的立秋后結合中耕鋤草施一次長烏肥,每畝施用有機復合肥50~60kg。在兩行之間溝施或在兩株之間穴施。
8. 留種與除花序 除留種地外在何首烏出現花蕾時用枝剪及時剪去花枝。
兩年生(sheng)何首烏,在(zai)第二年3月(yue)發芽前追肥一(yi)次;8~9月(yue)立秋(qiu)前后施“長(chang)烏肥”一(yi)次。

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