韓退之上宰相書
正(zheng)月二十七(qi)日,前鄉(xiang)貢進士(shi)韓愈謹伏光(guang)范門(men)下(xia),再拜(bai)獻書相公閣下(xia):
《詩》之(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“《菁(jing)(jing)菁(jing)(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)莪》,樂(le)育(yu)(yu)(yu)材(cai)也(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)能(neng)長(chang)(chang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai),則天(tian)下(xia)(xia)喜樂(le)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”其(qi)詩曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“菁(jing)(jing)菁(jing)(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)莪,在彼中阿(a);既(ji)(ji)見(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),樂(le)且有儀(yi)。”說(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):菁(jing)(jing)菁(jing)(jing)者(zhe)(zhe),盛也(ye);莪,微草(cao)也(ye);阿(a),大陵也(ye)。言(yan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai),若(ruo)大陵之(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)微草(cao),能(neng)使之(zhi)(zhi)菁(jing)(jing)菁(jing)(jing)然盛也(ye)。“既(ji)(ji)見(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),樂(le)且有儀(yi)”云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)下(xia)(xia)美之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)辭也(ye)。其(qi)三章曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“既(ji)(ji)見(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),錫(xi)我(wo)百朋。”說(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):百朋,多之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)辭也(ye),言(yan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)既(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai),又當(dang)爵(jue)命之(zhi)(zhi),賜(si)之(zhi)(zhi)厚祿以(yi)寵貴之(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)爾(er)。其(qi)卒章曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“泛泛揚舟,載(zai)(zai)沈(shen)(shen)載(zai)(zai)浮(fu),既(ji)(ji)見(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),我(wo)心則休。”說(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):載(zai)(zai),載(zai)(zai)也(ye);沈(shen)(shen)浮(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),物也(ye);言(yan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才,無(wu)所(suo)不取,若(ruo)舟之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)物,浮(fu)沈(shen)(shen)皆(jie)載(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)爾(er)。“既(ji)(ji)見(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),我(wo)心則休”云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)若(ruo)此則天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)心美之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye),既(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi),又當(dang)爵(jue)命寵貴之(zhi)(zhi),而于(yu)其(qi)才無(wu)所(suo)遺焉。孟子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)有三樂(le),王天(tian)下(xia)(xia)不與(yu)存焉。其(qi)一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)樂(le)得天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)英(ying)才而教育(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi),此皆(jie)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)賢士之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)極(ji)言(yan)至論,古(gu)今之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)宜(yi)法者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。然則孰能(neng)長(chang)(chang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai),將非吾(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)與(yu)吾(wu)相乎?孰能(neng)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)英(ying)才,將非吾(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)與(yu)吾(wu)相乎?幸今天(tian)下(xia)(xia)無(wu)事,小大之(zhi)(zhi)官,各守其(qi)職,錢(qian)谷甲兵之(zhi)(zhi)問,不至于(yu)廟(miao)堂(tang)。論道經邦(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)暇,舍此宜(yi)無(wu)大者(zhe)(zhe)焉。
今(jin)有(you)人(ren)生(sheng)二(er)十八年(nian)(nian)矣(yi)(yi),名不(bu)(bu)著(zhu)于(yu)農工商賈(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)版(ban)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業則讀(du)書著(zhu)文,歌頌(song)堯、舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。雞鳴而(er)起,孜孜焉(yan)(yan)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)為(wei)利,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)讀(du)皆(jie)圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書,楊、墨、釋、老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學,無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)入于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)著(zhu)皆(jie)約(yue)(yue)六經之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨而(er)成(cheng)文,抑(yi)邪與正辨時俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)惑。居窮(qiong)守約(yue)(yue),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)時有(you)感激怨懟奇怪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辭,以求知于(yu)天下。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)悖于(yu)教化,妖淫諛(yu)佞诪(zhou)張之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說,無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)出于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中。四(si)舉于(yu)禮部乃一得,三選于(yu)吏部卒(zu)無(wu)成(cheng),九品之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)望,一畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宮其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)懷。遑遑乎四(si)海無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)歸,恤(xu)(xu)恤(xu)(xu)乎饑不(bu)(bu)得食,寒不(bu)(bu)得衣。濱于(yu)死而(er)益固(gu),得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)者爭笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。忽將棄(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)舊而(er)新是圖,求老農老圃而(er)為(wei)師。悼本(ben)志之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)化,中夜涕(ti)泗交頤。雖不(bu)(bu)足當詩(shi)人(ren)孟子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei),抑(yi)長育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)成(cheng)材,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)可(ke)矣(yi)(yi);教育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)成(cheng)才,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)可(ke)矣(yi)(yi)!抑(yi)又聞古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)子相(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)也(ye)(ye),一夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)獲(huo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo),若己推而(er)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝中。今(jin)有(you)人(ren)生(sheng)七年(nian)(nian)而(er)學圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道以修其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身,積二(er)十年(nian)(nian),不(bu)(bu)得已(yi)一朝而(er)毀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)獲(huo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)矣(yi)(yi)。伏念今(jin)有(you)仁人(ren)在上位,若不(bu)(bu)往告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)遂行,是果于(yu)自(zi)棄(qi),而(er)不(bu)(bu)以古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道待吾(wu)相(xiang)也(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)乎?寧往告焉(yan)(yan)。若不(bu)(bu)得志,則命(ming)也(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)行矣(yi)(yi)。
《洪范》曰:凡厥庶民,有(you)猷(you)、有(you)為、有(you)守,汝則(ze)念之(zhi)(zhi),不協(xie)于極,不罹于咎,皇則(ze)受之(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)康而(er)(er)(er)(er)色。曰予(yu)攸(you)好德,汝則(ze)錫之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)。是皆與善之(zhi)(zhi)辭也(ye)。抑又聞古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)人有(you)自進者,而(er)(er)(er)(er)君子不逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)矣,曰“予(yu)攸(you)好德,汝則(ze)錫之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)”之(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也(ye)。抑又聞上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)設官(guan)制祿(lu),必求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人而(er)(er)(er)(er)授之(zhi)(zhi)者,非(fei)茍(gou)慕其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)富(fu)貴其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)也(ye),蓋將用其(qi)(qi)(qi)能理不能,用其(qi)(qi)(qi)明理不明者耳。下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)修己(ji)立誠,必求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)居之(zhi)(zhi)者,非(fei)茍(gou)沒于利而(er)(er)(er)(er)榮于名也(ye),蓋將推(tui)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)所馀以濟其(qi)(qi)(qi)不足者耳。然(ran)則(ze)上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)于求(qiu)人,下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)于求(qiu)位(wei),交相(xiang)求(qiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)一其(qi)(qi)(qi)致焉耳。茍(gou)以是而(er)(er)(er)(er)為心,則(ze)上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)道不必難(nan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia),下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)道不必難(nan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang):可舉(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)舉(ju)焉,不必讓(rang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)自舉(ju)也(ye);可進而(er)(er)(er)(er)進焉,不必廉于自進也(ye)。
抑又聞(wen)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)下得(de)其(qi)(qi)道,則勸(quan)賞不(bu)(bu)必(bi)遍加乎天(tian)(tian)下,而(er)天(tian)(tian)下從(cong)焉(yan),因人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)為而(er)遂推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂也。今天(tian)(tian)下不(bu)(bu)由(you)吏部而(er)仕(shi)進者(zhe)(zhe)幾希矣。主上(shang)感(gan)傷山(shan)林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士有(you)(you)逸遺者(zhe)(zhe),屢詔內外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣旁求于(yu)四(si)海,而(er)其(qi)(qi)至者(zhe)(zhe)蓋闕焉(yan)。豈(qi)(qi)其(qi)(qi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)乎哉?亦見國家不(bu)(bu)以非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)來(lai)(lai)耳。彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處隱就(jiu)閑者(zhe)(zhe)亦人(ren)(ren)耳,其(qi)(qi)耳目鼻(bi)口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu),其(qi)(qi)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)樂,其(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)安,豈(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)異于(yu)人(ren)(ren)乎哉?今所(suo)(suo)以惡衣(yi)食,窮體(ti)(ti)膚(fu),麋鹿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與處,猿狖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與居(ju),固(gu)自以其(qi)(qi)身不(bu)(bu)能與時從(cong)順俯仰,故甘心自絕而(er)不(bu)(bu)悔焉(yan)。而(er)方(fang)聞(wen)國家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仕(shi)進者(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)舉于(yu)州縣,然后升(sheng)于(yu)禮(li)部吏部,試之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以繡(xiu)繪(hui)雕琢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以聲勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逆順、章句(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短長(chang),中其(qi)(qi)程式者(zhe)(zhe),然后得(de)從(cong)下士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)列。雖有(you)(you)化(hua)俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)、安邊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策,不(bu)(bu)由(you)是(shi)而(er)稍(shao)進,萬不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)一得(de)焉(yan),彼惟恐入山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)深(shen),入林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)密,其(qi)(qi)影(ying)響(xiang)昧(mei)昧(mei),惟恐聞(wen)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)也。今若(ruo)聞(wen)有(you)(you)以書進宰相而(er)求仕(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),而(er)宰相不(bu)(bu)辱焉(yan),而(er)薦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子而(er)爵命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)布其(qi)(qi)書于(yu)四(si)方(fang),枯槁(gao)沈溺(ni)魁(kui)閎(hong)寬通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,必(bi)且(qie)洋洋焉(yan)動其(qi)(qi)心,峨峨焉(yan)纓(ying)其(qi)(qi)冠,于(yu)于(yu)焉(yan)而(er)來(lai)(lai)矣。此(ci)所(suo)(suo)謂勸(quan)賞不(bu)(bu)必(bi)遍加乎天(tian)(tian)下而(er)天(tian)(tian)下從(cong)焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)也,因人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)為而(er)遂推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂者(zhe)(zhe)也。
伏惟(wei)覽《詩》、《書》、《孟子》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)指,念育(yu)才錫(xi)福(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以;考(kao)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)子相其君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,而忘自進自舉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪;思設官制祿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu),以誘致山林逸遺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士:庶天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行道者(zhe)知所(suo)(suo)歸焉。
小(xiao)子(zi)不敢自幸,其嘗所(suo)著文,輒采其可(ke)者若(ruo)干(gan)首,錄(lu)在(zai)異卷(juan),冀辱賜觀焉。干(gan)瀆尊嚴,伏地待罪。愈再拜(bai)。
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