大(da)黃(huang)附子湯載于《金匱要略·腹滿(man)寒(han)疝宿食病脈(mo)證(zheng)》篇(pian),是(shi)治療(liao)冷(leng)積(ji)便秘(mi)而正氣(qi)未虛(xu)證(zheng)的代表方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑(ji),具有溫陽散寒(han)、瀉下冷(leng)積(ji)之功。因此,本(ben)方(fang)(fang)(fang)也可說是(shi)溫下劑(ji)的代表方(fang)(fang)(fang)。唐·孫思邈在(zai)本(ben)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的基(ji)礎上創制了六個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑(ji),所(suo)針(zhen)對(dui)的病證(zheng)雖然亦屬(shu)于里寒(han)積(ji)滯(zhi),但(dan)脾陽損傷明顯,屬(shu)于虛(xu)中(zhong)夾實證(zheng)者(zhe),其(qi)中(zhong)溫脾湯方(fang)(fang)(fang)最為著名。
大(da)黃(huang)附子(zi)湯的(de)組成為:大(da)黃(huang)三兩(9克)、附子(zi)三枚(炮,9克),上藥水煎(jian)服。
本方(fang)的(de)主(zhu)要功用是(shi)溫里散寒(han)(han)、通便止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)。適用于(yu)里寒(han)(han)積滯(zhi)內(nei)結,陽氣(qi)不運而(er)致(zhi)的(de)癥候。表現為便秘腹(fu)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、脅(xie)下(xia)偏(pian)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)、發熱(re)(re)、手(shou)足厥冷,舌苔白(bai)膩,脈弦緊等癥狀。“脅(xie)下(xia)偏(pian)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)”的(de)“脅(xie)下(xia)”,并非單純指脅(xie)部(bu)(肋櫞下(xia)),而(er)是(shi)對脅(xie)、腹(fu)等處的(de)泛指。“偏(pian)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)”,即脅(xie)的(de)某一側及腹(fu)部(bu)疼(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong);“脈弦緊”是(shi)寒(han)(han)實內(nei)結之征。脈弦、緊,主(zhu)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)寒(han)(han);“發熱(re)(re)”,既(ji)不是(shi)表證的(de)發熱(re)(re)、脈浮,亦非陽明里熱(re)(re)之發熱(re)(re)、脈滑數。此(ci)處之發熱(re)(re)乃(nai)因陽氣(qi)被郁,營(ying)衛失(shi)調所致(zhi),雖(sui)有發熱(re)(re)而(er)體溫不甚高,并與肢冷畏寒(han)(han)、脈弦緊等并見,故(gu)需仔細辨(bian)別(bie)。便秘腹(fu)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)病機,是(shi)因冷積內(nei)停(ting)、陽氣(qi)不運、腑氣(qi)壅閉(bi)所致(zhi);脅(xie)下(xia)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)則是(shi)寒(han)(han)氣(qi)上乘,結于(yu)脅(xie)下(xia),偏(pian)著于(yu)一側之故(gu)。
至(zhi)于(yu)本證的治法,寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)者需溫(wen)散,結者宜瀉下(xia),所謂“非溫(wen)不(bu)能散其(qi)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),非下(xia)不(bu)能去其(qi)積”。故方(fang)用附子(zi)之(zhi)辛熱(re)(re)為君,以(yi)溫(wen)里(li)(li)散寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),回陽止痛。又用大黃(huang)苦(ku)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)為臣,瀉下(xia)通便,蕩滌里(li)(li)實(shi)積滯。細辛性(xing)(xing)味(wei)辛溫(wen),交通內外,散寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)止痛,以(yi)助附子(zi)之(zhi)功(gong)而(er)為佐藥。方(fang)中(zhong)大黃(huang)性(xing)(xing)雖苦(ku)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),但得(de)附子(zi)、細辛之(zhi)辛溫(wen)大熱(re)(re)之(zhi)品,則(ze)(ze)可制其(qi)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)性(xing)(xing)而(er)存其(qi)走(zou)泄之(zhi)性(xing)(xing),如尤在涇說:“大黃(huang)苦(ku)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),走(zou)而(er)不(bu)守,得(de)附子(zi)、細辛之(zhi)大熱(re)(re),則(ze)(ze)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)性(xing)(xing)散而(er)走(zou)泄之(zhi)性(xing)(xing)存是也。”故在運(yun)用此方(fang)時,大黃(huang)用量一般不(bu)能超過附子(zi)。
黃樹曾《金(jin)匱要(yao)略(lve)釋義》認為(wei)(wei),本方(fang)證(zheng)的(de)預后,以服(fu)用溫(wen)下(xia)劑后大便(bian)是否通為(wei)(wei)標志。因為(wei)(wei)寒(han)實(shi)內結(jie),陽氣(qi)已(yi)傷,是邪(xie)實(shi)正虛的(de)局面,與承氣(qi)湯證(zheng)的(de)純(chun)為(wei)(wei)邪(xie)實(shi)者不同。服(fu)溫(wen)下(xia)劑后,如大便(bian)通利,邪(xie)去正復,可轉危為(wei)(wei)安;如服(fu)溫(wen)下(xia)劑后非但大便(bian)不通,反(fan)見嘔(ou)吐、肢冷、脈細弱,說明正氣(qi)愈虛,邪(xie)氣(qi)愈甚,病勢已(yi)趨惡化。因此,有的(de)醫家建議(yi)采用《本事(shi)方(fang)》之溫(wen)脾湯。該方(fang)之藥物組成為(wei)(wei):厚樸、炮姜、甘(gan)草、桂心、生附子、大黃。
大(da)黃(huang)附子(zi)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)原為實寒內結、正(zheng)氣未損(sun)者所(suo)(suo)設,倘脾陽損(sun)傷,正(zheng)氣已(yi)虛,則《本事方》之(zhi)(zhi)溫脾湯(tang)(tang)(tang)遠(yuan)不如(ru)《千金方·卷(juan)十三》所(suo)(suo)載(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)溫脾湯(tang)(tang)(tang)更為恰情。其(qi)方藥為:大(da)黃(huang)、當(dang)歸(gui)、干(gan)姜、附子(zi)、人參、芒(mang)硝(xiao)、甘草。以上兩個(ge)溫脾湯(tang)(tang)(tang)方雖(sui)然(ran)均由大(da)黃(huang)附子(zi)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)衍化而來,但后者既有(you)溫下之(zhi)(zhi)力(li),又(you)有(you)益氣溫陽之(zhi)(zhi)功,故流傳廣泛(fan),是為溫下之(zhi)(zhi)著名良(liang)方。
大黃附子湯在現代(dai)臨床用以治(zhi)療膽絞痛、慢(man)性痢(li)疾、尿毒癥等屬于寒積(ji)者,有(you)一(yi)定效(xiao)果。如腹(fu)痛甚,喜按(an)、喜溫者,可加(jia)桂(gui)枝、白芍以和營止痛;腹(fu)脹、泛惡、苔厚膩等積(ji)滯較(jiao)重者,可加(jia)枳殼、焦三仙等以消積(ji)導(dao)滯;體(ti)虛較(jiao)甚者,可加(jia)黨參、黃芪等扶助(zhu)正(zheng)氣。
張仲景(jing)對于寒(han)邪內伏(fu)于陰分者(zhe),往往以細(xi)辛(xin)與(yu)(yu)附子(zi)配伍,以增強(qiang)其驅逐寒(han)邪的作用,如大黃附子(zi)湯與(yu)(yu)麻(ma)黃附子(zi)細(xi)辛(xin)湯均是(shi)。但(dan)前(qian)(qian)者(zhe)與(yu)(yu)大黃相伍,用治(zhi)寒(han)實內結(jie),以溫(wen)陽(yang)散寒(han)、蕩(dang)滌里(li)實,使從下(xia)解(jie);后者(zhe)與(yu)(yu)麻(ma)黃相配,用治(zhi)少陰感寒(han),以溫(wen)陽(yang)散寒(han)解(jie)表,使從外解(jie)。又,前(qian)(qian)方(fang)附子(zi)用三兩,后方(fang)則用一(yi)兩。二方(fang)僅在一(yi)味(wei)藥(yao)和(he)用量上的出入,其功(gong)用主治(zhi)各(ge)異,足見立法、制(zhi)方(fang)的嚴謹奧妙。茲(zi)舉(ju)病例如下(xia)。
沈××,男,58歲。去年胃切除后,運化尚(shang)弱,今午(wu)因飲食(shi)較多,脘腹不(bu)適,漸覺痛脹(zhang),傍晚出現嘔吐,大(da)便已3日未(wei)解。經檢查診(zhen)斷為(wei)急性腸梗阻。診(zhen)見(jian)面色蒼白、手(shou)足厥冷(leng),舌淡胖,苔白膩,脈沉緊弦。證屬寒食(shi)內結、腑實不(bu)通,予(yu)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)湯加減(jian):生(sheng)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)12克,炮附(fu)子(zi)、干(gan)姜(jiang)、姜(jiang)半夏(xia)各10克。服后大(da)便得通,痛、嘔遂(sui)止。
本(ben)例(li)以半夏(xia)、附子(zi)并(bing)投,用之(zhi)宜(yi)斟酌。
歌訣:
金匱大黃附子湯,
細辛散寒止痛襄;
冷積內結成實證,
功專溫下效果良。
文章(zhang)來源:開卷有益·求(qiu)醫問藥 ? 作者:哈小博
大(da)黃(huang)附子(zi)湯(tang)出(chu)自張仲景《金匱要(yao)(yao)略腹滿寒疝宿(su)食病脈(mo)證治(zhi)(zhi)篇第十》.原文:"脅下偏痛,發熱,其脈(mo)弦緊(jin),此寒也,以(yi)(yi)溫藥下之(zhi)(zhi),宜 大(da)黃(huang)附子(zi)湯(tang).大(da)黃(huang)三兩(liang)(liang),附子(zi)三枚(炮),細辛二兩(liang)(liang),上三味,以(yi)(yi)水五升(sheng),煮取二升(sheng),去滓,分溫三服(fu);一服(fu)后(hou),如(ru)強(qiang)人(ren)煮取二升(sheng)半,分溫三服(fu),如(ru)人(ren)行(xing)四五里,再進(jin)一服(fu)."但(dan),學習(xi)中認(ren)(ren)為,張仲景在此描述上太過簡略.參閱后(hou)世教材,則(ze)多(duo)認(ren)(ren)為此方是治(zhi)(zhi)療寒實內結大(da)便(bian)不通之(zhi)(zhi)證,隨(sui)文衍(yan)義無(wu)從掌握(wo)其臨床使用之(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)領.
1 "肋(lei)下偏痛(tong)"文中脅(xie)下所指部位在哪里(li)?
按<<內經>>所指脅為(wei)腋(ye)下(xia)(xia)到十(shi)二肋(lei)之間,肋(lei)之下(xia)(xia)腰腹(fu)部(bu).仲景(jing)所述之部(bu)位則(ze)相(xiang)似于現代醫學(xue)所包括的腎(shen)(shen)臟(zang)疾病所致的腰腹(fu)部(bu)疼痛(tong)(含腎(shen)(shen)絞痛(tong)).而含腎(shen)(shen)絞痛(tong)在(zai)臨(lin)床(chuang)上多(duo)發生在(zai)一側(ce),這己為(wei)現代醫學(xue)觀(guan)察所證實,也與仲景(jing)強調"脅下(xia)(xia)偏(pian)痛(tong)"相(xiang)吻合.再者(zhe),寒(han)實內結便秘(mi)者(zhe)多(duo)以臍腹(fu)為(wei)中心疼痛(tong)而不會單側(ce)"肋(lei)下(xia)(xia)".因此認為(wei)"肋(lei)下(xia)(xia)偏(pian)痛(tong)"泛指現代醫學(xue)之腎(shen)(shen)臟(zang)疾病所致的腰腹(fu)部(bu)疼痛(tong)(含腎(shen)(shen)絞痛(tong)).
2 處方功(gong)效中溫里散與(yu)通(tong)便止痛(tong)何為主次?
現在教材(cai)多認為(wei)此(ci)癥為(wei)寒(han)實(shi)內結,強調大(da)(da)便不(bu)通.但仔細分(fen)析仲景(jing)處方(fang)立(li)意(yi): 大(da)(da)黃(huang)三(san)兩,附子(zi)三(san)枚(炮),細辛二(er)兩.結合(he)臨床(chuang)(chuang)觀察發現大(da)(da)便不(bu)通并非必然(ran)主(zhu)癥,而(er)(er)是(shi)仲景(jing)"用大(da)(da)黃(huang),借胃腑(fu)以(yi)為(wei)出(chu)路(lu)也,大(da)(da)黃(huang)之苦,合(he)附子(zi) ,細辛之辛,苦與辛合(he),能降能通,通則(ze)不(bu)痛也"《溫(wen)病條辨(bian)》.可見(jian)以(yi)散寒(han)止痛而(er)(er)并非以(yi)通便為(wei)主(zhu).再者,在服(fu)藥特(te)別強調上(shang)也可看出(chu),如人行四五里(約20~30分(fen)鐘)未緩解,再服(fu).而(er)(er)臨床(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)單純寒(han)實(shi)內結便秘也無須服(fu)藥此(ci)之急.因此(ci),不(bu)僅僅是(shi)溫(wen)下通便,溫(wen)里散寒(han)才(cai)為(wei)仲景(jing)之意(yi).
由(you)此可見,仲景"脅下偏(pian)痛"實指(zhi)現代腎絞痛等系例(li)病(bing)變,用(yong)溫(wen)里散寒的(de)方(fang)法(fa)配大黃借"胃腑以為出(chu)路"從而迅速達(da)到止痛之目的(de).
典型病例:方xx,男,47歲,工人(ren).左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)腰肋(lei)部反射左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)下腹疼痛(tong)(tong)十余天,伴(ban)惡心,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)側(ce)腎區及(ji)肋(lei)脊角叩擊痛(tong)(tong),B超檢查提示:左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)腎點狀(zhuang)強回聲.尿(niao)液(ye)分析:Blood++.臨床診斷為(wei)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)腎結石引起(qi)的疼痛(tong)(tong).擬以大(da)黃附子細辛湯一劑水(shui)煎服(fu),患者(zhe)服(fu)一次痛(tong)(tong)減(jian)一半,三(san)次服(fu)藥后疼痛(tong)(tong)消失(shi),隨訪三(san)月未復發.
本文來源:中國保(bao)健營養·中旬刊 ? 作者:趙元生
大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)瀉(xie)下(xia)通(tong)便,蕩滌(di)(di)積(ji)(ji)滯的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)當(dang)臣藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de) 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蕩滌(di)(di)腸(chang)胃而(er)除(chu)積(ji)(ji)滯的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)當(dang)做君(jun)(jun)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de) 所以(yi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也不(bu)(bu)是(shi)完全(quan)一樣的(de)(de) 大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湯(tang)(tang)本(ben)方(fang)主治(zhi)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)實冷積(ji)(ji),正氣未傷之(zhi)(zhi)證。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)氣不(bu)(bu)足,脾(pi)(pi)(pi)胃虛寒(han)(han)(han)(han),運化失健,久而(er)成(cheng)積(ji)(ji),故腹疼(teng),大(da)(da)(da)便密結。寒(han)(han)(han)(han)實內(nei)結,非(fei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)散(san)(san),非(fei)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)去,故治(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)里(li)散(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han),通(tong)便止(zhi)疼(teng) 方(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)辛(xin)(xin)大(da)(da)(da)熱(re),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)里(li)散(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han),止(zhi)腹疼(teng)脅(xie)疼(teng)痛(tong)為(wei)君(jun)(jun)。大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)瀉(xie)下(xia)通(tong)便,蕩滌(di)(di)積(ji)(ji)滯。細辛(xin)(xin)辛(xin)(xin)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)宣通(tong),散(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)止(zhi)疼(teng)為(wei)佐。綜(zong)觀(guan)全(quan)方(fang),大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)性雖苦寒(han)(han)(han)(han),但與(yu)(yu)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)配(pei),則(ze)去性存用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),三藥(yao)(yao)合用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),共(gong)(gong)湊溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)本(ben)證若單純溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)補脾(pi)(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),雖可祛里(li)寒(han)(han)(han)(han),單純攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia),則(ze)更傷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),惟溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)補脾(pi)(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)與(yu)(yu)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)冷積(ji)(ji)并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),是(shi)為(wei)兩全(quan)。方(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)壯脾(pi)(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)散(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)凝,大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)蕩滌(di)(di)腸(chang)胃而(er)除(chu)積(ji)(ji)滯,共(gong)(gong)為(wei)君(jun)(jun)藥(yao)(yao);臣以(yi)干姜(jiang)助附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)散(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han);佐以(yi)人參(can)補宜脾(pi)(pi)(pi)氣,并(bing)可防止(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)瀉(xie)下(xia)傷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);甘(gan)草即助人參(can)益氣,又可調和諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao),為(wei)佐使之(zhi)(zhi)品,共(gong)(gong)成(cheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)補脾(pi)(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)冷積(ji)(ji)并(bing)重之(zhi)(zhi)良方(fang),綜(zong)觀(guan)本(ben)方(fang),由溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)補脾(pi)(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)藥(yao)(yao)配(pei)伍寒(han)(han)(han)(han)下(xia)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)積(ji)(ji)藥(yao)(yao)組成(cheng),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)通(tong)、瀉(xie)下(xia)與(yu)(yu)補益三法兼備,寓溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)補于攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具有溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)祛寒(han)(han)(han)(han)、攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)傷正之(zhi)(zhi)特點。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注意:本(ben)方(fang)雖用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)瀉(xie)下(xia)積(ji)(ji)滯,但功(gong)(gong)(gong)專瀉(xie)下(xia)冷積(ji)(ji)。大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)必足以(yi)制(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)性,以(yi)達(da)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)湯(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)治(zhi)療脾(pi)(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)足中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣虛寒(han)(han)(han)(han),而(er)致冷積(ji)(ji)內(nei)停,故方(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)配(pei)以(yi)干姜(jiang)、人參(can)、以(yi)顧護中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湯(tang)(tang)為(wei)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)積(ji)(ji)里(li)實之(zhi)(zhi)癥,經實無虛,故配(pei)細辛(xin)(xin)以(yi)散(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)止(zhi)痛(tong)。
【大承氣湯】大承氣湯用硝黃,配以枳樸瀉力強;陽明腑實真陰灼,急下存陰第一方。
【小承氣湯】去硝名曰小承氣,便硬痞滿瀉熱良。
【調胃承氣湯】調胃承氣硝黃草,便秘口渴急煎嘗。
【復方大承氣湯】更有復方大承氣,大承氣加桃芍菔;能瀉腑實消脹滿,可治急性腸梗阻。
【大陷胸湯】大陷胸湯用硝黃,甘遂為末共成方;專治熱實結胸證,瀉熱逐水效非常。
【大陷胸丸】再把葶藶杏仁入,和丸更治項背強。 【大黃附子湯】大黃附子細辛湯,脅下寒凝疝痛方;冷積內結成實證,溫下寒實可復康。
【溫脾湯】溫脾附子與干姜,甘草人參及大黃;寒熱并進補兼瀉,溫通寒積振脾陽。
【三物備急丸】三物備急巴豆研,干姜大黃不需煎;猝然腹痛因寒積,速投此方急救先。
【三物白散】三物白散桔梗貝,再把巴豆一齊配;寒實結胸痰涎壅,祛痰瀉積功力倍。 【麻子仁丸】麻子仁丸治脾約,枳樸大黃麻杏芍;土燥津枯便難解,腸潤熱瀉諸癥卻。
【潤腸丸】潤腸丸用歸羌活,大黃桃麻兩仁合;勞倦納呆便秘澀,蜜丸嚼服功效確。
【五仁丸】五仁柏子加松米,桃杏兩仁陳郁李;血虛津枯腸中燥,理氣潤腸通便秘。
【濟川煎】濟川歸膝肉蓯蓉,澤瀉升麻枳殼從;陰虛血弱腸中燥,滋陰補血便自通。 【十棗湯】十棗逐水效力佳,大戟甘遂與芫花。
【控涎丹】控涎丹用遂戟芥,攻滌痰涎力不差。
【舟車丸】舟車牽牛及大黃,遂戟芫花檳木香;青皮橘皮輕粉入,瀉水消脹力量強。
【疏鑿飲子】疏鑿飲子瀉水方,木通澤瀉與檳榔;羌艽苓腹椒商陸,赤豆姜皮退腫良。
攻補兼施
【新加黃龍湯】新加黃龍草硝黃,參歸麥地玄海姜;滋陰養液補氣血,正虛便秘此方良。
【黃龍湯】黃龍湯枳樸硝黃,參歸桔棗共生姜;陽明腑實氣血弱,通便不礙氣血傷。
【增液承氣湯】增液承氣玄地冬,更加硝黃力量雄;溫病陰虧實熱結,養陰瀉熱腸道通。
【承氣養營(ying)湯】承氣養營(ying)歸(gui)芍知(zhi),生地大黃與樸枳;數下(xia)陰(yin)傷(shang)熱結(jie)在,正是此方效顯時。
大(da)承氣(qi)湯峻下(xia)熱(re)結(jie)(jie),治療(liao)實(shi)(shi)熱(re)積滯的陽(yang)(yang)明腑實(shi)(shi)證(zheng),方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)用(yong)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)瀉(xie)熱(re)通(tong)(tong)(tong)便(bian)(bian),蕩滌(di)實(shi)(shi)熱(re)積滯,用(yong)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)配(pei)芒硝(xiao),苦(ku)(ku)寒加咸寒,相(xiang)須為用(yong),峻下(xia)熱(re)結(jie)(jie)而通(tong)(tong)(tong)便(bian)(bian)。大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)附(fu)子(zi)湯溫下(xia)寒積,治療(liao)冷積便(bian)(bian)秘實(shi)(shi)證(zheng),方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)用(yong)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)瀉(xie)下(xia)通(tong)(tong)(tong)便(bian)(bian),蕩滌(di)積滯,與附(fu)子(zi)、細(xi)辛(xin)相(xiang)配(pei),苦(ku)(ku)寒加辛(xin)熱(re),且附(fu)子(zi)、細(xi)辛(xin)用(yong)量大(da)于大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang),佐(zuo)制了大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)的苦(ku)(ku)寒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,而瀉(xie)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)猶存,三(san)藥共(gong)(gong)成(cheng)溫下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong).乃去性取用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)伍(wu)。溫脾(pi)(pi)湯溫補(bu)脾(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang),攻下(xia)冷積,主(zhu)治脾(pi)(pi)陽(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)足,寒積中(zhong)阻的寒積里實(shi)(shi),方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)用(yong)辛(xin)熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附(fu)子(zi)與苦(ku)(ku)寒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)相(xiang)配(pei),共(gong)(gong)奏(zou)溫下(xia)冷積之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。麻子(zi)仁(ren)丸潤腸(chang)泄(xie)熱(re),行氣(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)便(bian)(bian),主(zhu)治腸(chang)胃燥熱(re),脾(pi)(pi)津(jin)不(bu)(bu)足,大(da)便(bian)(bian)干結(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng),方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)火(huo)麻仁(ren)潤腸(chang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)便(bian)(bian),配(pei)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)以增強通(tong)(tong)(tong)便(bian)(bian)泄(xie)熱(re),除腸(chang)胃燥熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。
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