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膈湯

中醫(yi)世家(jia) 2023-05-11 13:00:11

膈湯

別名 : 真湯

處方 : 苦(ku)桔(jie)梗、荊芥穗、薄(bo)荷葉、干葛、甘草節、栝(gua)蔞根、牛蒡(bang)子各(ge)等分(fen)。

制法 : 上為粗末。

功能主治 : 四(si)時不正(zheng)之氣,及(ji)傷寒(han)未分(fen)證候,瘡(chuang)疹欲出(chu)未出(chu);及(ji)脾(pi)寒(han)似瘧(nve),潮熱(re)往來,壯(zhuang)熱(re)如蒸,兩耳黯(an),唇(chun)青(qing),面色黛(dai)黑,口苦舌干(gan),四(si)肢倦怠,飲食無(wu)味(wei)。

用法用量 : 真湯(原書同卷引《簡易方》)。

摘錄 : 《普(pu)濟方》卷一五一引(yin)《資壽方》

扁桃體化(hua)膿怎么辦?

早期稱為扁桃體周圍炎,發病五日左右炎癥進一步發展形成膿腫。其病菌主要是溶血性鏈球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌等。
(1)一般治療:臥床休息,加強營養,進食易消化食物。
(2)抗生素應用:膿腫未形成之前應按急性扁桃體炎治療,應用抗生素控制感染,抗生素用量要充足,可靜脈用藥,最好用廣譜抗生素如青霉素、先鋒霉素等。
(3)穿刺抽膿:扁桃體周圍膿腫在膿腫形成后,宜采取穿刺抽膿之法,每日抽1次,一般2~3 次后能痊 愈。方法:①麻醉:用1%地卡因局部涂抹,以達到粘膜表面麻醉;也可用1%地卡因棉拭子置于中鼻甲后端,以麻醉蝶腭神經;1%普魯卡因約1~2ml于穿刺部位浸潤注入。以上三種方法取任何一種都能達到麻醉作用,術者可根據自己習慣選擇。②穿刺部位:假設于懸壅垂根部作一平行線,再自舌腭弓前緣作一垂直線,兩線相交叉點即為穿刺點;或自懸壅垂根部與最后磨牙連線的中點為穿刺點;或在扁桃體上極與舌腭弓之間表現最膨隆之部位為穿刺點。以上三種方法可任選一種,按術者習慣自行選擇。③穿刺方法:用粗、長針頭,刺入時動作要輕柔,可感覺到有落空感即進入膿腔,不要刺入過深,以免刺傷大血管引起出血。如果未抽出膿,可將針退出一部分,改變方向再刺入試抽。
(4)切開排膿:如不作穿刺抽膿,則可切開排膿,即在穿刺的部位作一小切口,切開粘膜及淺部組織后進入膿腔,然后用一血管鉗從切口中伸入,沿扁桃體被膜外方進入膿腔,稍加擴張,將切口撐大,隨即有膿外流,病人頓時感到癥狀減輕,可每日用血管鉗擴張一次,待無膿時為止。
(5)預防性扁桃體切除:約有1/3病人扁桃體周圍膿腫反復發作,為了根除,可在炎癥消退后三周切除扁桃體;因為此時扁桃體周圍瘢痕尚未形成,扁桃體容易剝離,否則扁桃體周圍因瘢痕而粘連則切除困難。
(6)膿腫期間將扁桃體切除:有時因膿腫引流不暢,雖然經多次抽膿但仍有膿或切開引流后仍不能治愈,此時可在急性期切除扁桃體,以徹底引流,達到根治的目的。
中醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療:扁(bian)桃體周圍(wei)膿(nong)(nong)腫屬于(yu)中醫(yi)(yi)學“猛疽(ju)”、“喉(hou)(hou)(hou)癰(yong)(yong)”、“咽(yan)(yan)喉(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)瘡(chuang)”等范(fan)疇。由于(yu)該病(bing)發于(yu)中醫(yi)(yi)所稱的喉(hou)(hou)(hou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)部位及喉(hou)(hou)(hou)核(he)周圍(wei),故又稱之(zhi)為“喉(hou)(hou)(hou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)癰(yong)(yong)”或(huo)(huo)(huo)“騎關(guan)(guan)(guan)癰(yong)(yong)”。本病(bing)主要分(fen)五型:(1)風(feng)(feng)熱(re)(re)(re)在表:喉(hou)(hou)(hou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)癰(yong)(yong)初起,患(huan)(huan)者多(duo)有發熱(re)(re)(re)惡寒,頭痛(tong)(tong)(tong),口干(gan)(gan),咳嗽,咽(yan)(yan)疼(teng),進食時加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)重。檢(jian)查(cha)可(ke)(ke)見喉(hou)(hou)(hou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、喉(hou)(hou)(hou)核(he)周圍(wei)充血(xue)腫脹;舌(she)質(zhi)(zhi)紅(hong)(hong)苔(tai)薄(bo)白或(huo)(huo)(huo)薄(bo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),脈浮數(shu)。治(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)疏風(feng)(feng)清(qing)熱(re)(re)(re),解毒消腫。方(fang)用(yong)(yong)五味消毒飲(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)減:金銀(yin)花(hua)15g,野(ye)菊花(hua)15g,蒲(pu)公英15g,紫(zi)花(hua)地丁15g,紫(zi)背天(tian)葵12g,荊(jing)芥(jie)12g,防風(feng)(feng)10g,白芷10g。若(ruo)腫痛(tong)(tong)(tong)甚(shen)者,可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)射(she)干(gan)(gan)12g,天(tian)花(hua)粉15g;咳嗽者可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)枇杷葉10g,冬桑葉12g。(2)邪(xie)熱(re)(re)(re)傳里(li):膿(nong)(nong)未成,起病(bing)日(ri)久(jiu)(jiu),高熱(re)(re)(re)不退,頭痛(tong)(tong)(tong)劇烈,口干(gan)(gan)喜飲(yin),咽(yan)(yan)喉(hou)(hou)(hou)劇痛(tong)(tong)(tong),吞咽(yan)(yan)困難,大(da)便(bian)(bian)秘結,小便(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang);檢(jian)查(cha)一(yi)側(ce)喉(hou)(hou)(hou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、喉(hou)(hou)(hou)核(he)周圍(wei)極度紅(hong)(hong)腫,光亮高突,喉(hou)(hou)(hou)核(he)被推(tui)向(xiang)前(qian)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)后下(xia)(xia)方(fang),懸壅垂亦被推(tui)向(xiang)對(dui)側(ce);舌(she)質(zhi)(zhi)紅(hong)(hong)苔(tai)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)膩,脈洪(hong)數(shu)。治(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)清(qing)熱(re)(re)(re)解毒,利(li)膈(ge)消腫。方(fang)用(yong)(yong)清(qing)咽(yan)(yan)利(li)膈(ge)湯:黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)芩(qin)12g,山(shan)梔子12g,金銀(yin)花(hua)15g ,連(lian)翹(qiao)12g,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)6g,荊(jing)芥(jie)12g,牛蒡(bang)子15g,玄(xuan)參15g,生(sheng)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)12g(后下(xia)(xia)),芒(mang)(mang)硝(xiao)6g(沖服),甘(gan)草(cao)3g,赤(chi)芍(shao)12g。若(ruo)口干(gan)(gan)渴欲(yu)飲(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)花(hua)粉12g,淡竹葉15g;患(huan)(huan)者大(da)便(bian)(bian)通暢或(huo)(huo)(huo)體質(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)弱者可(ke)(ke)去(qu)大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、芒(mang)(mang)硝(xiao),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)柏(bo)12g或(huo)(huo)(huo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)火麻(ma)仁12g;若(ruo)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)涎壅盛,可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)僵蠶9g,膽南星10g;若(ruo)久(jiu)(jiu)不成膿(nong)(nong)、體質(zhi)(zhi)虛弱,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)芪、黨參、白術(shu)各12g。(3)邪(xie)熱(re)(re)(re)傳里(li):膿(nong)(nong)已成,癥(zheng)狀同上,熱(re)(re)(re)勢(shi)漸(jian)(jian)退,局(ju)部紅(hong)(hong)腫局(ju)限,按(an)之(zhi)較(jiao)為柔軟。治(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)清(qing)熱(re)(re)(re)解毒,活血(xue)排膿(nong)(nong)。方(fang)用(yong)(yong)仙(xian)方(fang)活命飲(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)減:金銀(yin)花(hua)15g,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)芩(qin)12g,蒲(pu)公英15g,連(lian)翹(qiao)12g ,防風(feng)(feng)12g,赤(chi)芍(shao)12g,乳香12g,沒藥10g,皂刺(ci)10g,穿山(shan)甲10g,生(sheng)甘(gan)草(cao)3g。(4)熱(re)(re)(re)入營血(xue):壯熱(re)(re)(re)煩躁(zao),頭痛(tong)(tong)(tong)如劈,神昏(hun)譫語;舌(she)質(zhi)(zhi)紅(hong)(hong)絳而干(gan)(gan),脈細(xi)數(shu)。治(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)清(qing)營涼血(xue),解毒開竅。方(fang)用(yong)(yong)清(qing)瘟(wen)敗(bai)毒飲(yin):水(shui)牛角粉(沖)15g,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)12g,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)芩(qin)12g,山(shan)梔子15g,生(sheng)石膏30g(先煎),赤(chi)芍(shao)12g,桔梗10g,丹(dan)皮12g,生(sheng)地黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)20g,玄(xuan)參15g,并選加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)安宮(gong)牛黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)丸或(huo)(huo)(huo)紫(zi)雪丹(dan)。若(ruo)高熱(re)(re)(re)煩躁(zao)較(jiao)甚(shen)用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)雪丹(dan);如痰(tan)(tan)(tan)涎壅盛,氣急痰(tan)(tan)(tan)鳴(ming)宜(yi)用(yong)(yong)安宮(gong)牛黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)丸。(5)熱(re)(re)(re)毒外泄:喉(hou)(hou)(hou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)癰(yong)(yong)成膿(nong)(nong)后,經(jing)切開排膿(nong)(nong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)穿刺(ci)抽膿(nong)(nong)后,咽(yan)(yan)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)即逐漸(jian)(jian)減輕或(huo)(huo)(huo)消失,發熱(re)(re)(re)頭痛(tong)(tong)(tong)癥(zheng)狀也迅速消失。此(ci)時患(huan)(huan)者常倦怠乏力,納呆,口干(gan)(gan)渴引飲(yin);舌(she)淡紅(hong)(hong),苔(tai)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)而干(gan)(gan),脈細(xi)數(shu)。治(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)清(qing)熱(re)(re)(re)解毒,益氣養(yang)陰。方(fang)用(yong)(yong)養(yang)陰清(qing)肺湯:生(sheng)地黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)18g,麥冬18g,玄(xuan)參15g,白芍(shao)12g,丹(dan)皮12g,浙貝母12g,黨參18g ,白術(shu)12g,金銀(yin)花(hua)15g,蒲(pu)公英15g,生(sheng)甘(gan)草(cao)3g。大(da)便(bian)(bian)干(gan)(gan)結加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)柏(bo)12g或(huo)(huo)(huo)火麻(ma)仁15g。

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