處方 : 天冬、麥冬（各(ge)(ge)去心(xin)）、玄參各(ge)(ge)等分。
制法 : 上為細末，為丸。
功能主治 : 口舌(she)生(sheng)疳，久患不愈。
用法用量 : 本方方名，據劑型(xing)當作(zuo)“二(er)冬丸”。
摘錄 : 《外科全生集》卷四
葉天士天冬、麥冬對藥介紹
姚鵬宇 遼寧中醫藥(yao)大學
天(tian)冬(dong)、麥冬(dong)二(er)(er)藥均(jun)屬于《中藥學》補陰藥的范疇，二(er)(er)者各有所長，臨床(chuang)多同用(yong)。葉天(tian)士于二(er)(er)冬(dong)對藥應用(yong)頻繁，經驗獨到，頗具特色。搜(sou)羅本草，闡(chan)述二(er)(er)冬(dong)對藥特點；整理葉案，探究(jiu)葉氏運用(yong)二(er)(er)冬(dong)對藥經驗。
天冬為百合科植物天門冬的塊根，味甘、苦，性寒，歸心、肺、腎三經，具有養陰潤燥，生津止渴，補腎清肺的功效，用于肺燥咳嗽、頓咳黏痰、勞嗽虛喘、咽干口渴、心煩失眠、內熱消渴、腸燥便秘等證。天冬為滋陰清熱的代表藥，《本草分經》謂其治“一切陰虛有火諸癥”。天冬之用，含五行之理，蘊相生之意，《長沙藥解》言“水生于金，金清則水生，欲生腎水，必清肺金，清金而生水者，天冬是也”，天冬能補肺腎之陰，有金水相生之效；《藥籠小品》載“（天冬）補水，與地黃皆為補北濟南之品”，天冬能養腎陰清心熱，有補北濟南之能。天冬有補腎益髓強骨，祛風除濕通痹之功，故《神農本草(cao)(cao)經(jing)(jing)》謂之(zhi)“主諸(zhu)暴風濕(shi)偏痹，強骨髓”，臨(lin)床亦(yi)有將天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)用(yong)于(yu)風濕(shi)痹痛(tong)治(zhi)療(liao)者。《本草(cao)(cao)易讀(du)》載天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)能治(zhi)“痰(tan)咳喘促之(zhi)邪熱(re)，消渴(ke)嗌(ai)干之(zhi)火熱(re)，肺(fei)痿肺(fei)癰之(zhi)熱(re)毒(du)，吐膿吐血(xue)之(zhi)熱(re)郁”，強調其亦(yi)有消痰(tan)、解毒(du)、排膿之(zhi)功。至于(yu)天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)能否入(ru)心(xin)(xin)經(jing)(jing)，《本草(cao)(cao)經(jing)(jing)解》載天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)“得地寒(han)涼之(zhi)火味，入(ru)手少陰(yin)心(xin)(xin)經(jing)(jing)”，而山東中醫藥大(da)學“九老(lao)”之(zhi)周鳳梧老(lao)在天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)、麥冬(dong)(dong)對(dui)比中提出“麥冬(dong)(dong)與人參(can)、五味子同用(yong)，能入(ru)心(xin)(xin)生(sheng)脈（生(sheng)脈散(san)），而天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)無(wu)此作用(yong)（不能入(ru)心(xin)(xin)）”，天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)具有清心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)能，這(zhe)固然能證明(ming)天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)入(ru)心(xin)(xin)經(jing)(jing)，但其本身具有滋養腎陰(yin)功效，能夠補(bu)北濟南(nan)，故難以明(ming)確(que)其是(shi)否入(ru)心(xin)(xin)經(jing)(jing)，但針對(dui)于(yu)腎陰(yin)虧虛導(dao)致(zhi)的心(xin)(xin)系疾病，天(tian)冬(dong)(dong)確(que)有顯(xian)著(zhu)療(liao)效。《中華藥典》（2015版）載其用(yong)量6~12g。
麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)為百合(he)科(ke)植物麥(mai)(mai)門冬(dong)(dong)的(de)塊(kuai)根(gen)，又名寸冬(dong)(dong)、野韭菜，味甘、微(wei)苦，性(xing)微(wei)寒，歸心(xin)、肺(fei)、胃三經，具有養(yang)陰益(yi)胃、潤肺(fei)清心(xin)、生津止(zhi)渴(ke)的(de)功效(xiao)，用(yong)于肺(fei)燥(zao)咳(ke)嗽(sou)、虛(xu)勞咳(ke)嗽(sou)、干咳(ke)咯血、喉(hou)(hou)痹(bi)咽(yan)痛、心(xin)煩失眠、心(xin)悸怔忡、腸(chang)燥(zao)便秘(mi)等證。麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)能(neng)滋養(yang)胃陰，故《本草分經》稱其“胃經正(zheng)藥”，《神農(nong)本草經》載麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)“主(zhu)心(xin)腹，結氣傷(shang)中傷(shang)飽，胃絡脈絕”。麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)主(zhu)肺(fei)虛(xu)內傷(shang)，外感多不(bu)(bu)用(yong)，《藥籠小品》載“若肺(fei)有外邪(xie)，則不(bu)(bu)可用(yong)”。成都中醫藥大學張廷模教授認為麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)長于利(li)咽(yan)喉(hou)(hou)，陰虛(xu)肺(fei)燥(zao)咽(yan)喉(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)利(li)，咽(yan)喉(hou)(hou)疼痛，經常使用(yong)麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)。麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)潤而不(bu)(bu)膩，功善清補，且性(xing)主(zhu)降，故有下痰飲，清痰熱(re)之能(neng)。陶弘景言“抽去(qu)(qu)心(xin)，不(bu)(bu)爾。令人煩”，提出麥(mai)(mai)冬(dong)(dong)去(qu)(qu)心(xin)而用(yong)，然(ran)后(hou)世(shi)少宗其法，觀葉氏醫案(an)有去(qu)(qu)心(xin)用(yong)者，亦有不(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)心(xin)者。《中華藥典》（2015版）載其用(yong)量6~12g。
天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性味(wei)相同，功效相似(si)，然(ran)二(er)者亦各有(you)所(suo)長(chang)。《長(chang)沙藥(yao)解》載“天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)潤澤寒(han)涼，清金化水之力，十倍麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”，天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)養肺(fei)陰(yin)(yin)、滋腎(shen)陰(yin)(yin)之力，勝(sheng)于麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；《本草求真》言“麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)專(zhuan)入心(xin)肺(fei)，有(you)類(lei)天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，然(ran)麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)甘味(wei)甚多，寒(han)性差(cha)少。天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)所(suo)主在(zai)肺(fei)，而麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)所(suo)主，則更在(zai)肺(fei)而在(zai)心(xin)，是以書載能(neng)消痰(tan)止嗽(sou)”。天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)所(suo)入臟腑(fu)雖(sui)同，然(ran)各有(you)側重(zhong)，麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)較(jiao)天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)入心(xin)經，并(bing)有(you)消痰(tan)飲之功效，治(zhi)療痰(tan)飲咳(ke)嗽(sou)。北(bei)京中醫藥(yao)大學顏正華教授強調麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)微(wei)寒(han)，滋陰(yin)(yin)潤燥之力較(jiao)天(tian)(tian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)微(wei)差(cha)，然(ran)滋膩之性亦較(jiao)小(xiao)。
二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)配伍應(ying)用(yong)由(you)來已久，歷代文獻二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)同用(yong)的方(fang)(fang)劑(ji)不(bu)勝枚(mei)舉(ju)。如《醫學心悟》治(zhi)療(liao)上消(xiao)的二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)湯(tang)（天冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、花(hua)粉、黃芩(qin)、知母(mu)(mu)、甘草、人(ren)參、荷葉）；《惠直堂經驗方(fang)(fang)》治(zhi)療(liao)肺(fei)消(xiao)的二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)湯(tang)（麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、天冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、茯苓(ling)(ling)、車前子）；《古今醫徹(che)》治(zhi)肺(fei)火(huo)而喘之二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)湯(tang)（天冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、款(kuan)(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)、紫菀、桔梗、甘草、陳皮(pi)、川貝、百合、馬兜鈴、阿膠）；《外科全(quan)生(sheng)集(ji)》治(zhi)口舌生(sheng)疳，久患不(bu)愈之二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)散（天冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、元參，制(zhi)丸含化(hua)）；《癥因脈治(zhi)》治(zhi)燥(zao)熱咳嗽(sou)之二(er)(er)(er)母(mu)(mu)二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)湯(tang)（天冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、知母(mu)(mu)、貝母(mu)(mu)）；《證(zheng)治(zhi)匯補》治(zhi)咳嗽(sou)屬火(huo)盛(sheng)水(shui)虧(kui)，痰(tan)涎(xian)腥(xing)穢，將成癰痿的加味二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)湯(tang)（天冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、麥(mai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、生(sheng)地(di)、熟地(di)、款(kuan)(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、桔梗、貝母(mu)(mu)、紫菀、茯苓(ling)(ling)、甘草、沙參、瓜(gua)蔞(lou)霜）；《校注婦人(ren)良方(fang)(fang)》治(zhi)療(liao)陰虛血(xue)少(shao)不(bu)寐(mei)的天王補心丹(dan)；《張氏醫通》治(zhi)療(liao)肺(fei)胃(wei)燥(zao)熱，痰(tan)澀咳嗽(sou)的二(er)(er)(er)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)膏；《醫方(fang)(fang)考》治(zhi)療(liao)陰虛氣弱虛勞的人(ren)參固本丸等。（姚(yao)鵬(peng)宇(yu)）宇(yu)）
世針(zhen)針(zhen)灸交流中(zhong)心，英文名：Exchange Center of Acupuncture Moxibustion，縮寫：ECAM。
2004年(nian)在北京成立，經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國(guo)民政(zheng)部注冊，是面向國(guo)內外開展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)針灸服(fu)務(wu)工作(zuo)的非營(ying)利性 社(she)(she)會(hui) 組織，業務(wu)主管(guan)單位(wei)為國(guo)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥管(guan)理局。宗(zong)旨是致(zhi)力于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)針灸的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)、傳播(bo)和發展，促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥團體、機構(gou)之間的交流(liu)(liu)(liu)與合作(zuo)，加強學術交流(liu)(liu)(liu)、信(xin)息交流(liu)(liu)(liu)、成果交流(liu)(liu)(liu)，推動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)事(shi)業的創新與發展。匯(hui)聚中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)針灸 社(she)(she)會(hui) 力量，建設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)針灸學術、人才、信(xin)息、產(chan)品服(fu)務(wu)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)平(ping)臺(tai)，提高 社(she)(she)會(hui) 服(fu)務(wu)水平(ping)，為人類(lei) 健康 做(zuo)出貢獻
2019年(nian)3-4月世(shi)針針灸(jiu)交流中心針灸(jiu)推(tui)拿課程
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