處方 : 生黃耆(qi)5錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，生白芍(shao)3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，桑枝5錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，黨參（去(qu)蘆）3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，熟地3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，丹(dan)皮3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，茯苓（去(qu)皮）3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，靈仙3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，紅花2錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，制首烏4錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，獨活3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，桃仁（去(qu)皮）1錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，當歸(gui)3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，木瓜3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，赤芍(shao)2錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，川芎1錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)5分，杜仲炭（鹽炒）2錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，地龍3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，防己3錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，香附（醋炒）2錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，甘草2錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。
制法 : 上為細末，煉蜜(mi)為丸2錢重，蠟皮或醋(cu)紙筒封固。
功能主治 : 舒(shu)筋(jin)活絡。主跌打損傷(shang)，氣血不足，筋(jin)骨酸疼(teng)，行動不利。
用法用量 : 每(mei)(mei)次(ci)服1丸(wan)，重癥(zheng)每(mei)(mei)次(ci)服2丸(wan)，白開水送下。
注意 : 孕婦忌服。
摘錄 : 《全(quan)國中藥成藥處方集》（天津方）
大活絡丹組成：主要依賴于君、臣、佐、使藥這幾大部分。雖然見效慢，但是因為對人體幾乎沒有任何的副作用而備受養生人群的青睞。大活絡丹就是一種中藥方劑，你對它了解嗎？
【處方】 白花(hua)蛇(she) 烏(wu)(wu)梢蛇(she) 威(wei)靈(ling)仙 兩頭尖（俱酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)）草烏(wu)(wu) 天麻(ma)（煨(wei)）全蝎（去(qu)毒）首烏(wu)(wu)（黑豆水(shui)浸(jin)）龜(gui)版（炙(zhi)）麻(ma)黃(huang) 貫(guan)仲 炙(zhi)草 羌活(huo) 官桂 藿香(xiang)(xiang) 烏(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao) 黃(huang)連 熟(shu)地(di)(di) 大黃(huang)（蒸(zheng)）木香(xiang)(xiang) 沉香(xiang)(xiang)各(ge)(ge)60克(ke)(ke) 細辛 赤芍 沒藥(yao)(yao)（去(qu)油(you)，另研）丁香(xiang)(xiang) 乳香(xiang)(xiang)（去(qu)油(you)，另研）僵蠶 天南星(xing)（姜制）青(qing)皮 骨碎補 白蔻 安息(xi)香(xiang)(xiang)（酒(jiu)(jiu)熬）黑附(fu)子(zi)（制）黃(huang)芩（蒸(zheng)）茯苓 香(xiang)(xiang)附(fu)（酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)，焙）元參(can) 白術(shu)各(ge)(ge)30克(ke)(ke) 防風75克(ke)(ke) 葛根 虎(hu)脛骨（炙(zhi)）當歸各(ge)(ge)45克(ke)(ke) 血竭（另研）21克(ke)(ke) 地(di)(di)龍（炙(zhi)）犀角 麝香(xiang)(xiang)（另研）松(song)脂(zhi)各(ge)(ge)15克(ke)(ke) 牛黃(huang)（另研）片腦（另研）各(ge)(ge)4.5克(ke)(ke) 人參(can)90克(ke)(ke)【制法(fa)】 上藥(yao)(yao)五(wu)十味，為末，蜜丸，如桂圓核大，金箔為衣。【功(gong)能主治】 主中風癱瘓，痿痹痰厥，拘(ju)攣疼痛，癰(yong)疽流注，跌撲損傷，小兒驚痛，婦人停經。【用(yong)(yong)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)量】 陳酒(jiu)(jiu)送(song)下。【摘(zhai)錄】 《蘭(lan)臺(tai)軌范(fan)》卷一(yi)引(yin)《圣濟》以上就是(shi)向大家介紹(shao)了(le)關于大活(huo)絡丹的(de)作用(yong)(yong)資料，希(xi)望對有(you)(you)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)人有(you)(you)幫助(zhu)(zhu)。大活(huo)絡丹的(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)比較多的(de)，只有(you)(you)多了(le)解的(de)它(ta)的(de)人才可以將它(ta)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)發(fa)揮出來，所以說(shuo)在生活(huo)中應(ying)該要(yao)多去(qu)認識一(yi)些疾病和(he)藥(yao)(yao)材，這樣對自(zi)己是(shi)挺有(you)(you)幫助(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。
目錄(lu)(lu)1拼音2英文(wen)參(can)考3概述4《太(tai)平(ping)惠民(min)和劑局方(fang)》卷(juan)一方(fang)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan) 4.1小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)別名4.2組成(cheng)4.3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)量4.4功用(yong)(yong)主(zhu)治4.5方(fang)解4.6運用(yong)(yong)4.7現(xian)代適應證 4.7.1骨(gu)質增生癥4.7.2風濕(shi)性(xing)關(guan)節炎(yan)4.7.3類風濕(shi)性(xing)關(guan)節炎(yan) 4.8小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)理作用(yong)(yong) 4.8.1抗炎(yan)、抗氧(yang)化(hua)損傷(shang)作用(yong)(yong)4.8.2對神經(jing)系統功能的(de)(de)影響4.8.3對心臟(zang)、血(xue)管及血(xue)液流變學的(de)(de)影響4.8.4對免疫功能的(de)(de)影響5《北京市中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)成(cheng)方(fang)選集(ji)》方(fang)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan) 5.1處方(fang)5.2制法(fa)5.3功能主(zhu)治5.4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)量5.5摘錄(lu)(lu) 6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)說明書 6.1藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)名稱6.2劑型6.3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要成(cheng)份6.4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)功能主(zhu)治6.5注意事項6.6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)量 7參(can)考資(zi)料附：1古籍中(zhong)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)絡(luo)(luo)丹(dan)(dan)(dan) 1拼音 xiǎo huó luò dān
2英文參(can)考(kao) xiaohuoluo minipills [中(zhong)醫藥學(xue)名詞審(shen)定委(wei)員會(hui).中(zhong)醫藥學(xue)名詞（2004）]
3概述 小活絡丹為方劑(ji)名(ming)，即活絡丹，出自《太平惠民(min)和劑(ji)局方》卷一方[1][2]。
4《太平惠民和劑局方(fang)(fang)(fang)》卷一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)小(xiao)活絡丹 實驗研究本方(fang)(fang)(fang)具有止(zhi)痛和鎮(zhen)靜(jing)作用(yong)[2]。該方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑各味中(zhong)藥具有一(yi)致的(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)炎、抗(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化損傷、鎮(zhen)靜(jing)、鎮(zhen)痛、抗(kang)(kang)(kang)凝、抗(kang)(kang)(kang)血栓形成、改善循環(huan)功能的(de)作用(yong)，這對風濕、類風濕性關(guan)節(jie)炎，骨質(zhi)增生癥(zheng)均具有一(yi)定治療(liao)作用(yong)[3]。
川烏（炮、去皮臍(qi)）6g、草烏（炮、去皮臍(qi)）6g、天南星(xing)（炮）6g、地龍（去土）6g、乳香(xiang)（研(yan)）5g、沒(mei)藥（研(yan)）5g。[4]
川烏（炮(pao)，去(qu)皮，臍(qi)）、草烏（炮(pao)，去(qu)皮，臍(qi)）、地龍（去(qu)土）、天(tian)南星（炮(pao)）各(ge)六兩(liang)，乳(ru)香（研）、沒藥(yao)（研）各(ge)二兩(liang)二錢(qian)[5]。
上為細末(mo)，入研藥和勻，酒面(mian)糊(hu)為丸，如梧桐子大(da)，每服5g，空心，日午冷酒送下，荊(jing)芥茶(cha)下亦可。[4]
上為細末(mo)，入研藥(yao)和(he)勻(yun)，酒(jiu)面(mian)糊(hu)為丸(wan)，如(ru)梧桐子大[5]。每服二十丸(wan)，空(kong)心，日午冷酒(jiu)送下(xia)，荊芥湯(tang)送下(xia)亦可[5]。
具有祛風除(chu)濕(shi)，化痰通(tong)絡，活(huo)血止痛之功(gong)效。主治(zhi)風寒濕(shi)痹。肢(zhi)體筋脈疼痛，麻木拘攣，關(guan)節(jie)屈伸不(bu)利，疼痛游走(zou)不(bu)定。亦治(zhi)中風，手(shou)足不(bu)仁(ren)，日久不(bu)愈，經(jing)絡中濕(shi)痰瘀血，而見腰腿沉(chen)重(zhong)，或腿臂間作痛。[4]
方中(zhong)(zhong)主以(yi)(yi)川烏(wu)、草烏(wu)溫經活(huo)絡(luo)，以(yi)(yi)散絡(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)風寒濕(shi)邪；臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)星(xing)燥濕(shi)活(huo)絡(luo)，以(yi)(yi)祛絡(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)痰，并能(neng)(neng)祛風；佐(zuo)以(yi)(yi)乳香、沒(mei)藥(yao)行(xing)氣活(huo)血，以(yi)(yi)化(hua)絡(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)瘀血，并能(neng)(neng)止痛；使以(yi)(yi)地(di)龍(long)通(tong)經活(huo)絡(luo)，并用陳酒引(yin)導諸(zhu)(zhu)藥(yao)直達病(bing)所(suo)。合而用之(zhi)(zhi)，則留滯于經絡(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)風寒濕(shi)邪及痰、瘀均得以(yi)(yi)祛除(chu)，使經絡(luo)得通(tong)，通(tong)則不痛，營衛調和，諸(zhu)(zhu)癥(zheng)可愈。[2]
適應證：風(feng)濕性(xing)關(guan)節炎、類風(feng)濕性(xing)關(guan)節炎及骨(gu)質增(zeng)生癥等(deng)屬風(feng)濕瘀血者，均(jun)可(ke)用之(zhi)。
4.7.1骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質增生癥 骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質增生癥又稱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)或退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)或骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)炎(yan)，是(shi)由于骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)完整性(xing)(xing)(xing)破壞以(yi)(yi)及關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)邊緣軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)板病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)導(dao)致關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)癥狀和(he)體征的(de)(de)一組異質性(xing)(xing)(xing)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)。本病(bing)(bing)(bing)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)老年最常見(jian)的(de)(de)風濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)(yin)機(ji)制(zhi)目前了解(jie)(jie)還不充分，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)(yin)有(you)二：①一般易感因(yin)(yin)素(su)如遺(yi)傳、高齡、肥胖、性(xing)(xing)(xing)激(ji)素(su)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)密度(du)、過度(du)運動、吸煙(yan)以(yi)(yi)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)他疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)。②機(ji)械因(yin)(yin)素(su)如創傷、關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)形(xing)態異常、某些(xie)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)長期反復(fu)使(shi)用(yong)以(yi)(yi)及劇烈的(de)(de)文體活動等，導(dao)致軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)基質合成(cheng)和(he)分解(jie)(jie)代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)失(shi)調(diao)；軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)板損(sun)(sun)害使(shi)軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)失(shi)去緩沖作用(yong)；關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)內局灶(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)理改變(bian)為(wei)(wei)首先軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，局灶(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)軟(ruan)化，表面粗(cu)糙，失(shi)去正常彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)，局部小凹陷、脫落等；其(qi)(qi)(qi)次是(shi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)糜(mi)爛，脫落后軟(ruan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)板暴(bao)露；第三是(shi)輕(qing)度(du)的(de)(de)滑(hua)膜炎(yan)。臨床主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)疼(teng)痛、晨僵(jiang)和(he)黏著(zhu)感，關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)腫(zhong)脹、壓痛，活動彈響(xiang)等。腰肌勞損(sun)(sun)是(shi)指腰部肌肉及其(qi)(qi)(qi)附著(zhu)點(dian)筋膜的(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)傷性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)軀干負(fu)重活動時腰背(bei)肌超負(fu)荷工作，以(yi)(yi)及代(dai)(dai)償性(xing)(xing)(xing)肥大增生，以(yi)(yi)致小血管受壓，供血、供氧不足(zu)，代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)產物積(ji)累， *** 局部形(xing)成(cheng)損(sun)(sun)傷性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥，然后通過對應性(xing)(xing)(xing)補償和(he)系列補償調(diao)節(jie)以(yi)(yi)維持正常功能。臨床上主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)腰痛酸脹，休息后可(ke)緩解(jie)(jie)；疼(teng)痛區有(you)固(gu)定壓痛點(dian)。
4.7.2風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan) 風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)坐骨神經痛屬(shu)風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)的(de)(de)(de)范疇(chou)，臨(lin)床(chuang)并不多(duo)(duo)見(jian)，而(er)多(duo)(duo)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)，風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)是(shi)(shi)風濕(shi)熱的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)表現(xian)(xian)，其(qi)病因(yin)機(ji)理主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)A組(zu)乙(yi)型(xing)(xing)溶血性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)球(qiu)菌(jun)感(gan)染咽峽(xia)后的(de)(de)(de)晚期(qi)并發(fa)(fa)癥。該病抗(kang)原性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)復雜，各種(zhong)抗(kang)原分(fen)子(zi)結(jie)構與機(ji)體器(qi)官抗(kang)原存在同(tong)源(yuan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，機(ji)體的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)球(qiu)菌(jun)免(mian)疫(yi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)與人(ren)體組(zu)織(zhi)產(chan)生交(jiao)叉(cha)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，導(dao)(dao)致器(qi)官損害。而(er)導(dao)(dao)致風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)原為乙(yi)型(xing)(xing)溶血性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)球(qiu)菌(jun)莢膜，由透明(ming)質酸(suan)組(zu)成，與人(ren)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、滑膜有(you)共同(tong)抗(kang)原性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)抗(kang)原模擬(ni)自身(shen)抗(kang)原與鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)球(qiu)菌(jun)抗(kang)體形成免(mian)疫(yi)復合物沉積于(yu)人(ren)體關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)滑膜中發(fa)(fa)生風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)；另外細胞(bao)免(mian)疫(yi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)異(yi)常也(ye)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要發(fa)(fa)病機(ji)制，如周圍(wei)淋巴(ba)(ba)細胞(bao)對鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)球(qiu)菌(jun)抗(kang)原的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)殖反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)增(zeng)強，患(huan)者外周血對該抗(kang)原誘導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)白細胞(bao)移動(dong)試驗增(zeng)強，淋巴(ba)(ba)細胞(bao)母細胞(bao)化和增(zeng)殖反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)降低(di)，NK細胞(bao)功能增(zeng)加；扁(bian)桃體單核細胞(bao)對該抗(kang)原免(mian)疫(yi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)異(yi)常等。同(tong)時A組(zu)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)球(qiu)菌(jun)產(chan)生多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)外毒(du)素和酶類(lei)，可直接損害關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)重要機(ji)制。主(zhu)要表現(xian)(xian)為關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)結(jie)締組(zu)織(zhi)滲出、水腫(zhong)等，全身(shen)較大關(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)游(you)走性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、對稱性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)、腫(zhong)、熱、痛，活動(dong)受限。
4.7.3類(lei)風濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)關節炎(yan) 類(lei)風濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)關節炎(yan)（RA）是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)累(lei)及周圍(wei)關節為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多系統性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自身免(mian)(mian)疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)，其(qi)特征性(xing)(xing)(xing)癥(zheng)狀為對稱性(xing)(xing)(xing)、多個(ge)周圍(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥(zheng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變，臨床表現為受累(lei)關節疼(teng)痛、腫(zhong)脹、功能下降(jiang)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)變呈持續(xu)、反(fan)復發作過(guo)程。其(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)理為慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)炎(yan)，侵及下層(ceng)軟骨(gu)(gu)和(he)骨(gu)(gu)，造成關節破(po)壞，多數患者活(huo)動期血清(qing)中(zhong)出現類(lei)風濕因(yin)(yin)子（RF）。病(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)(yin)不(bu)清(qing)楚(chu)，可能有遺傳傾向，更(geng)可能與感(gan)染因(yin)(yin)子有關；雖然還未發現導(dao)致本病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接感(gan)染因(yin)(yin)子，但一(yi)些病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、支原體(ti)(ti)、細(xi)(xi)菌(jun)都(dou)可能通(tong)過(guo)某些途徑(jing)影(ying)響RA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情進(jin)(jin)展。當(dang)抗(kang)原進(jin)(jin)入人體(ti)(ti)經巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)作用后(hou)與細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Ⅱ類(lei)主要(yao)組織(zhi)相容性(xing)(xing)(xing)復合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)（MHCⅡ）分(fen)(fen)子結合(he)(he)成復合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)，若(ruo)此復合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)被其(qi)T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)受體(ti)(ti)所(suo)識別，則(ze)(ze)該T輔(fu)助淋巴(ba)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)被活(huo)化，通(tong)過(guo)其(qi)所(suo)分(fen)(fen)泌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)子、生長因(yin)(yin)子及各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)介質，不(bu)僅使(shi)B細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)激活(huo)分(fen)(fen)化為漿(jiang)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，分(fen)(fen)泌大量免(mian)(mian)疫球蛋白(bai)，其(qi)中(zhong)有RF和(he)其(qi)他抗(kang)體(ti)(ti)，同(tong)(tong)時也使(shi)關節出現炎(yan)癥(zheng)反(fan)應(ying)和(he)破(po)壞。免(mian)(mian)疫球蛋白(bai)和(he)RF形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)疫復合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)經補體(ti)(ti)激活(huo)后(hou)可以(yi)(yi)誘發炎(yan)癥(zheng)。CD4+T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)在RA發病(bing)(bing)(bing)中(zhong)起(qi)重要(yao)和(he)主要(yao)作用，在病(bing)(bing)(bing)程中(zhong)T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)克隆因(yin)(yin)受到體(ti)(ti)內外不(bu)同(tong)(tong)抗(kang)原 *** 而活(huo)化增(zeng)殖，滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)也因(yin)(yin)抗(kang)原而活(huo)化，其(qi)所(suo)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)子如TNFα、IL1、IL6、IL8等(deng)增(zeng)多，則(ze)(ze)促使(shi)滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)處于慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)癥(zheng)狀態；TNFα更(geng)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步破(po)壞關節軟骨(gu)(gu)和(he)骨(gu)(gu)，結果造成關節畸(ji)形(xing)；IL1是(shi)引起(qi)RA全(quan)身癥(zheng)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)因(yin)(yin)素；RA滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)出現不(bu)正常凋亡過(guo)程，過(guo)量Fas分(fen)(fen)子或Fas分(fen)(fen)子和(he)Fas配體(ti)(ti)比值(zhi)失調都(dou)會影(ying)響滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)組織(zhi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常凋亡，使(shi)RA滑(hua)膜(mo)(mo)免(mian)(mian)疫反(fan)應(ying)得(de)以(yi)(yi)持續(xu)。
4.8.1抗(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、抗(kang)氧化(hua)損(sun)傷(shang)作(zuo)用(yong) 君藥川烏對(dui)各(ge)種致炎(yan)(yan)(yan)劑(ji)所(suo)致炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)，對(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥的(de)(de)滲出(chu)、水(shui)(shui)腫(zhong)(zhong)、肉(rou)芽腫(zhong)(zhong)、白(bai)細胞(bao)游(you)走、PGE合成也有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)，且(qie)能(neng)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)可逆性被動(dong)Arthus反(fan)應(ying)(ying)、遲(chi)發型超(chao)敏反(fan)應(ying)(ying)以及佐(zuo)劑(ji)關節炎(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)免疫性炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥。草烏所(suo)含(han)(han)草烏甲素通(tong)(tong)過抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)PGE水(shui)(shui)平對(dui)上述炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥的(de)(de)各(ge)個階段也有(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)。臣藥天南星以及掌葉半夏(xia)中(zhong)提出(chu)的(de)(de)2種生物堿均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)不同程度(du)的(de)(de)清除氧自由基的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，能(neng)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)肝線粒體脂質過氧化(hua)物反(fan)應(ying)(ying)。佐(zuo)藥乳香所(suo)含(han)(han)乳香酸能(neng)使體內致炎(yan)(yan)(yan)物質葡萄(tao)糖(tang)胺聚糖(tang)合成減少(shao)，對(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥的(de)(de)白(bai)細胞(bao)游(you)走、滲出(chu)、水(shui)(shui)腫(zhong)(zhong)、肉(rou)芽腫(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)，特(te)別(bie)是對(dui)各(ge)類關節炎(yan)(yan)(yan)都有(you)(you)治療作(zuo)用(yong)。沒藥的(de)(de)多種同屬(shu)植物均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)抗(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)用(yong)，以沒藥做成的(de)(de)各(ge)種制(zhi)劑(ji)包括(kuo)水(shui)(shui)煎劑(ji)、散劑(ji)、丸劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)祛瘀、消腫(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)抗(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)用(yong)。地龍(long)醇提取物外涂(tu)或(huo)口(kou)服對(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥的(de)(de)毛細血管(guan)通(tong)(tong)透性增強、水(shui)(shui)腫(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)，地龍(long)可顯著(zhu)促(cu)進外傷(shang)愈合，外涂(tu)可提高(gao)皮膚(fu)、肌肉(rou)的(de)(de)愈合率，促(cu)進肉(rou)芽組織中(zhong)的(de)(de)成纖(xian)維細胞(bao)、毛細血管(guan)、膠原(yuan)纖(xian)維和DNA增長，增加肌肉(rou)組織中(zhong)肌動(dong)蛋白(bai)的(de)(de)數量，有(you)(you)利(li)于傷(shang)口(kou)的(de)(de)收縮。
4.8.2對神經系統功能(neng)的(de)(de)影響 君藥(yao)川烏(wu)總(zong)堿具(ju)(ju)有明顯的(de)(de)鎮(zhen)痛(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，能(neng)明顯提高痛(tong)閾(yu)，其鎮(zhen)痛(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)度冷(leng)丁相比無(wu)顯著性(xing)差異；其所(suo)含的(de)(de)烏(wu)頭(tou)堿具(ju)(ju)有局部麻醉(zui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，對小鼠(shu)坐骨(gu)神經干的(de)(de)阻(zu)滯作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)相當(dang)于可待因的(de)(de)3倍。草烏(wu)也能(neng)顯著提高痛(tong)閾(yu)，烏(wu)頭(tou)注(zhu)射液2mg/kg腹(fu)腔注(zhu)射其鎮(zhen)痛(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)嗎啡10mg/kg相當(dang)，同(tong)時烏(wu)頭(tou)總(zong)堿也有局麻作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。臣藥(yao)天南星(xing)煎劑腹(fu)腔注(zhu)射具(ju)(ju)有顯著的(de)(de)鎮(zhen)痛(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，且具(ju)(ju)有鎮(zhen)靜、抗驚厥作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，并(bing)能(neng)消(xiao)除肌肉的(de)(de)震顫(zhan)癥狀(zhuang)。佐藥(yao)乳香、沒藥(yao)、地(di)龍也具(ju)(ju)鎮(zhen)痛(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，同(tong)時沒藥(yao)還有退(tui)熱作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。陳酒(jiu)主要成分是(shi)乙醇(chun)，可直(zhi)接擴張(zhang)血(xue)管，抑制血(xue)小板聚集。
4.8.3對(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)(xin)臟(zang)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管及(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液流(liu)變學(xue)的(de)(de)影響(xiang) 君藥川烏(wu)水煎(jian)劑(ji)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，同時(shi)能(neng)擴張血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管使(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)迅速下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，劑(ji)量(liang)過大(da)可(ke)(ke)引起心(xin)(xin)臟(zang)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)心(xin)(xin)律(lv)失(shi)(shi)常(chang)。草(cao)烏(wu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)(xin)臟(zang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)正性肌力作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，且(qie)可(ke)(ke)擴張大(da)動脈，抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小板聚集，抗(kang)(kang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形成。臣藥天(tian)南星具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)心(xin)(xin)律(lv)失(shi)(shi)常(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，特(te)別是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)抗(kang)(kang)烏(wu)頭(tou)堿引起的(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)律(lv)失(shi)(shi)常(chang)，延長心(xin)(xin)肌細胞(bao)(bao)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)位(wei)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效不應期(qi)，并(bing)能(neng)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)肌收縮力。佐(zuo)藥乳(ru)香、沒藥可(ke)(ke)降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中膽固醇，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)脂和分(fen)解(jie)脂肪(fang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，防止(zhi)動脈壁斑塊形成。地(di)(di)(di)龍有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)心(xin)(xin)律(lv)失(shi)(shi)常(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，特(te)別是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)烏(wu)頭(tou)堿所致的(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)律(lv)失(shi)(shi)常(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)(dui)抗(kang)(kang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)；地(di)(di)(di)龍溫水浸(jin)液可(ke)(ke)顯(xian)著(zhu)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管緊(jin)張素轉換酶(mei)（ACE）的(de)(de)活(huo)性，因(yin)而具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)；從地(di)(di)(di)龍中提取(qu)分(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)溶栓酶(mei)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)纖維蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)原(yuan)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酶(mei)時(shi)間、凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酶(mei)原(yuan)時(shi)間及(ji)(ji)白(bai)(bai)(bai)淘土部分(fen)凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)酶(mei)時(shi)間延長，并(bing)能(neng)使(shi)Ⅱ、Ⅷ凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)因(yin)子(zi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，起到(dao)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)凝效果；從地(di)(di)(di)龍中提取(qu)的(de)(de)含多種纖溶酶(mei)和纖溶酶(mei)原(yuan)激活(huo)物的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)溶栓作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，地(di)(di)(di)龍不僅可(ke)(ke)溶解(jie)新(xin)鮮血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓，其所含膠原(yuan)酶(mei)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)舊血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓溶解(jie)為膠原(yuan)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)；地(di)(di)(di)龍還(huan)能(neng)顯(xian)著(zhu)改善紅(hong)細胞(bao)(bao)變形能(neng)力以降(jiang)低血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液黏度。
由此可見(jian)該方(fang)劑(ji)中(zhong)川(chuan)烏(wu)、草烏(wu)對(dui)心(xin)臟的負面影響可被(bei)天南星、地龍所對(dui)抗(kang)，而方(fang)劑(ji)中(zhong)各味藥擴張(zhang)血(xue)管、改善循環、抗(kang)凝、抗(kang)血(xue)栓(shuan)形成(cheng)等作用則是一致(zhi)的。
4.8.4對(dui)(dui)免(mian)疫功(gong)能的(de)(de)影響(xiang) 君藥川烏具(ju)有抗(kang)組胺(an)作用(yong)。佐(zuo)藥乳(ru)香樹膠樹脂滲出(chu)物(wu)的(de)(de)乙醇提(ti)取物(wu)口服可(ke)明(ming)(ming)顯抑制其對(dui)(dui)綿羊紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)抗(kang)體的(de)(de)產(chan)生和細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)反(fan)應，抑制多核細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)浸潤，抑制大鼠腹腔中性(xing)白三烯B4的(de)(de)形成。地(di)龍(long)提(ti)取物(wu)可(ke)明(ming)(ming)顯提(ti)高巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)和脾(pi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)分泌－氧化氮（NO）的(de)(de)水平，并拮(jie)抗(kang)地(di)塞米松對(dui)(dui)巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)和脾(pi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)分泌NO的(de)(de)抑制作用(yong)，可(ke)使胸腺及脾(pi)臟(zang)有核細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)數明(ming)(ming)顯增加，脾(pi)臟(zang)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)對(dui)(dui)ConA、LPS的(de)(de)反(fan)應及NK細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)活性(xing)明(ming)(ming)顯增加。
5《北京市中藥成方選集》方之小活絡丹
6小活絡丹藥品說明書
可以用(yong)(yong).中成藥(古方)的(de)說明(ming)書不(bu)會(hui)有腦梗塞(sai).腦出血(xue)(生物(wu)醫學分辨缺血(xue)性(xing).出血(xue)性(xing)腦血(xue)管病(bing)的(de)不(bu)同疾病(bing)名稱)的(de)名詞出現.古人只能從(cong)外觀現象即(ji)癥狀.體征稱之(zhi).如偏癱.半(ban)身不(bu)遂.口眼歪(wai)斜(xie).腦梗塞(sai)是通(tong)過現代科技手(shou)段探明(ming)大腦內部的(de)微觀變化.用(yong)(yong)俱有活(huo)血(xue)通(tong)絡作用(yong)(yong)的(de)大活(huo)絡丹可以.
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