齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)，姜姓，呂氏，名小(xiao)白，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)僖公(gong)第三子(zi)、齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)幼弟，其母為(wei)衛國(guo)(guo)人。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)僖公(gong)長子(zi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)和僖公(gong)侄子(zi)公(gong)孫無(wu)知相繼死于(yu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)內亂后，公(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)白與公(gong)子(zi)糾爭位(wei)(wei)，在大臣鮑叔牙(ya)的輔佐下(xia)取得成功繼國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei)。春(chun)秋五(wu)霸之(zhi)(zhi)首，上(shang)古五(wu)霸之(zhi)(zhi)一，與晉(jin)文公(gong)并稱“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓晉(jin)文”，公(gong)元前685～前643年(nian)在位(wei)(wei)，春(chun)秋時齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)第十(shi)五(wu)位(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)。

成就霸業

齊(qi)桓公任管仲為相，推行(xing)改(gai)革(ge)，實行(xing)軍政(zheng)合(he)一和兵民合(he)一的制度，使齊(qi)國逐漸(jian)強盛(sheng)。

齊(qi)桓(huan)公于前681年在北杏同宋、陳、蔡、邾四國(guo)(guo)諸侯會見，是為平(ping)定宋國(guo)(guo)的(de)動(dong)亂。后宋國(guo)(guo)違(wei)背盟(meng)約(yue)，齊(qi)桓(huan)公便以周天子(zi)的(de)名義率(lv)幾國(guo)(guo)諸侯伐宋，迫使宋國(guo)(guo)求和(he)，此即為“九合諸侯”的(de)第一次(ci)。前679年，各諸侯與齊(qi)桓(huan)公在鄄(juàn)地盟(meng)會，齊(qi)桓(huan)公從此成為天下諸侯的(de)霸主。此外，齊(qi)桓(huan)公還滅(mie)了譚、遂(sui)、鄣等小國(guo)(guo)。

當時中原華夏(xia)諸侯(hou)苦于(yu)戎狄等游牧(mu)部落的(de)攻(gong)擊(ji)，于(yu)是齊桓公打出“尊王攘夷”的(de)旗(qi)號，九合諸侯(hou)，北擊(ji)山(shan)戎，南伐楚(chu)國，成為中原第一個(ge)霸主，受到(dao)周天子賞(shang)賜。

管仲逝世

桓(huan)(huan)公四十一(yi)年(nian)(前645年(nian))，管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)重病，桓(huan)(huan)公問(wen)他：“群臣中誰可以(yi)(yi)代你為(wei)相(xiang)?”管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)：“了解臣下沒有人比得上(shang)君主。”桓(huan)(huan)公說(shuo)：“易牙如(ru)何(he)?”管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)回答：“殺掉孩子來討好(hao)君主，不(bu)(bu)合人情(qing)(qing)，不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)。”桓(huan)(huan)公說(shuo)：“開方如(ru)何(he)?”管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)回答：“背(bei)棄親人來討好(hao)君主，不(bu)(bu)合人情(qing)(qing)，難(nan)以(yi)(yi)親近。”桓(huan)(huan)公說(shuo)：“豎刁如(ru)何(he)?”管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)回答：“自(zi)己閹割(ge)來討好(hao)君主，不(bu)(bu)合人情(qing)(qing)，難(nan)以(yi)(yi)親愛。”管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)死(si)后，齊(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公不(bu)(bu)聽管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)的話(hua)，重用三人，三人專權。

死后凄清

桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)十二年(前(qian)(qian)644年)，戎(rong)攻打周朝，周告急于齊(qi)(qi)(qi)，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)令各國(guo)諸侯發兵救周。桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)十三(san)年(前(qian)(qian)643年)，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)重病，五(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)無虧、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昭、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)潘、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)元、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商人(ren))各率黨羽爭位(wei)。冬十月七日(ri)乙亥(前(qian)(qian)643年9月12日(ri))，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)病死(si)。五(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)互相(xiang)攻打對方，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)一片(pian)混亂。

齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)晚年昏庸，在(zai)管仲去世(shi)后(hou)任用易牙、豎刁等小(xiao)人，最終于公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前643年9月12日(魯(lu)僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年十(shi)(shi)(shi)月乙(yi)亥)病(bing)死。桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸體在(zai)床上放了六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七天，尸蟲都從窗子里爬了出來(lai)。直到十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)四日新(xin)立的齊(qi)君無虧(kui)才(cai)把桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)收殮。

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