今天小編就(jiu)給大家(jia)帶(dai)來宋初農(nong)民起義的文(wen)章，希望能對大家(jia)有所幫助。
五代十國時(shi)期，時(shi)局動(dong)亂(luan)(luan)不(bu)安(an)，出現了(le)(le)許許多多的割據(ju)勢力和政權(quan)，趙匡胤建立北(bei)宋后(hou)決定(ding)結束這(zhe)種混(hun)亂(luan)(luan)無序的分裂局面，一統天(tian)下，從此開(kai)始長達(da)將近20年的統一戰(zhan)爭，直到公元(yuan)979年消滅最后(hou)一個割據(ju)政權(quan)北(bei)漢，才算(suan)統一了(le)(le)全國。按理說，宋朝剛(gang)(gang)建立不(bu)久，天(tian)下又剛(gang)(gang)剛(gang)(gang)平定(ding)，人民(min)應該可以安(an)居樂業了(le)(le)，可事(shi)實上，在北(bei)宋初期就發生了(le)(le)農民(min)起義，一度(du)還打敗了(le)(le)宋朝的正規(gui)軍，這(zhe)是(shi)怎么(me)回事(shi)呢?
蜀(shu)地(di)(di)因為有著成都平原，物產(chan)豐饒，經(jing)濟相對來(lai)說比較發達。在(zai)后蜀(shu)時(shi)期(qi)土地(di)(di)兼并嚴重，豪門大(da)戶通常擁有數不(bu)(bu)(bu)清的良田，而普通老百姓無立(li)錐之地(di)(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得以成位(wei)那些大(da)戶人(ren)家的“旁戶”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)向他(ta)們(men)繳納地(di)(di)租，還要(yao)(yao)承擔各種苛(ke)捐雜稅，苦不(bu)(bu)(bu)堪言。后蜀(shu)被北(bei)宋(song)滅亡(wang)后，原本老百姓以為看到(dao)了希望，卻發現現實(shi)給了他(ta)們(men)當頭一棒(bang)。
剛進入蜀地(di)(di)的宋軍大(da)肆(si)搶(qiang)劫，后(hou)來趙匡胤一方(fang)面(mian)剝奪將領手中(zhong)的軍權，一方(fang)面(mian)又要安撫他們，便賜給他們數(shu)不清的良田(tian)，縱(zong)容他們兼并大(da)量的土地(di)(di)，各(ge)種稅目(mu)繁多，比后(hou)蜀也低不到哪里去(qu)，而且還(huan)設立(li)了專門(men)買賣茶(cha)葉(xie)，布帛部門(men)，由朝廷壟斷。老百(bai)姓(xing)失(shi)去(qu)了土地(di)(di)，現在連做(zuo)點茶(cha)葉(xie)的小生(sheng)意(yi)也被剝奪，簡直沒有了活路，終于(yu)爆發了一場以(yi)“均貧(pin)富”為(wei)口號(hao)的農民起義(yi)。
公(gong)元(yuan)993年，以(yi)王小波(bo)為(wei)首的(de)(de)農民起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)喊出了(le)(le)“均貧(pin)富”的(de)(de)口號，號召老百姓團結起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來反(fan)抗地主階級，短短時間(jian)內(nei)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)的(de)(de)規模(mo)達到了(le)(le)一(yi)萬多(duo)人。王小波(bo)率領起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)攻占彭(peng)山縣(xian)城，處死了(le)(le)縣(xian)令(ling)并(bing)搜出大(da)量的(de)(de)金錢財帛，分發給貧(pin)苦的(de)(de)農民，使得起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)更得擁(yong)護，越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)的(de)(de)人加入了(le)(le)隊伍。王小波(bo)在一(yi)次作戰中身負(fu)重傷后去世(shi)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)并(bing)沒有散(san)，而(er)是推舉了(le)(le)王小波(bo)的(de)(de)妻弟李(li)順為(wei)統(tong)帥(shuai)，繼(ji)續反(fan)抗朝廷(ting)。
起義(yi)爆發后(hou)，朝(chao)(chao)廷大(da)為震動，連續派兵前來鎮壓，可(ke)并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)阻(zu)擋住起義(yi)軍(jun)的(de)(de)腳步(bu)，經過了(le)(le)大(da)大(da)小小的(de)(de)戰役后(hou)，起義(yi)軍(jun)的(de)(de)規(gui)模反(fan)而達到了(le)(le)數百萬的(de)(de)規(gui)模，嚴重威脅到了(le)(le)朝(chao)(chao)廷，于是趙光義(yi)派遣中央禁軍(jun)前去(qu)鎮壓，禁軍(jun)是朝(chao)(chao)廷的(de)(de)王牌軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)，里面都是各地優(you)秀士兵選拔出來后(hou)組成(cheng)，戰斗力比(bi)一般的(de)(de)地方(fang)隊(dui)(dui)伍強的(de)(de)多。起初農(nong)民(min)軍(jun)和朝(chao)(chao)廷的(de)(de)軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)互有(you)勝(sheng)負(fu)，后(hou)來趁著(zhu)農(nong)民(min)軍(jun)分(fen)散在其(qi)他地方(fang)作戰時，禁軍(jun)便攻(gong)打李順所在的(de)(de)隊(dui)(dui)伍，經過了(le)(le)殊死抵抗后(hou)，農(nong)民(min)軍(jun)傷亡慘重，統帥(shuai)李順在眾人(ren)的(de)(de)掩護下逃了(le)(le)出去(qu)。
李順起義軍(jun)失(shi)敗后，蜀地各個(ge)地方還有殘余的農(nong)民軍(jun)在作戰，一直到993年，朝廷才算(suan)徹底把農(nong)民軍(jun)鎮壓(ya)下(xia)去。雖然農(nong)民軍(jun)失(shi)敗，但也給統治者敲響了警鐘，此(ci)后蜀地很少(shao)再出現那(nei)種(zhong)被剝削的“旁戶”。
農民起義在以農耕文化為主導的國家最為常見，提到農民起義的原因，我們常會說官逼民反，民不得不反，但是我們必須要明白，農民在任何一個時代，都屬于社會底層的群體，弱勢群體，如果不是在連生計都無法保證的情況下，又怎么會鋌而走險去造反呢？
在封建王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)時期，農民起義很少是因為(wei)朝(chao)(chao)廷統治腐敗而爆發的(de)，對于普通百(bai)姓來說(shuo)，朝(chao)(chao)政形勢怎么樣和他(ta)(ta)們(men)是沒啥關系(xi)的(de)，自己有沒有工(gong)作，能(neng)不能(neng)吃飽飯這(zhe)才是他(ta)(ta)們(men)唯一(yi)關心的(de)問題(ti)，只有直接影(ying)響(xiang)到百(bai)姓的(de)生計(ji)才會激起民變。
在中國古代最(zui)常見激起民(min)變(bian)(bian)的(de)原因就是土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)兼并，農(nong)民(min)是以(yi)種田為生的(de)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)對他(ta)們來說就是自己(ji)的(de)飯碗，但是這到了鄉紳，官吏眼中，土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)就變(bian)(bian)成了搖錢樹(shu)，或者是因為天災(zai)，或是人禍，以(yi)極(ji)低的(de)價格逼迫農(nong)民(min)出(chu)售手中的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)，在將(jiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)租給這些(xie)農(nong)民(min)，年景好些(xie)，農(nong)民(min)們勉強還能活下去(qu)，遇到災(zai)荒年，加上土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)兼并嚴(yan)重就容易激起民(min)變(bian)(bian)。
另外一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面中國古代的(de)(de)社(she)會，重農(nong)抑商，這就導致了一(yi)(yi)個問題，民眾(zhong)能從事的(de)(de)生(sheng)計(ji)十分有限，大多數只(zhi)能保證溫飽(bao)，真能賺錢的(de)(de)行業又被政(zheng)府壟斷，所以這種社(she)會經濟(ji)結構，面對(dui)突發的(de)(de)危(wei)機承受沖(chong)擊的(de)(de)能力很弱(ruo)，一(yi)(yi)旦百姓失去了生(sheng)計(ji)，自然就會爆發農(nong)民起義。
在明清兩朝，官員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入非(fei)常低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衣食住行又要符合禮制，即(ji)便是(shi)朝中重臣(chen)，往往也會(hui)欠(qian)下一屁(pi)股債，入仕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人追(zhui)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無非(fei)就是(shi)名利，怎么能忍受當(dang)官越當(dang)越窮，所以(yi)就通(tong)過各(ge)種稅收(shou)，巧取豪奪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段中飽私囊，這自(zi)然也就加深(shen)了(le)朝廷和百(bai)姓之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾。
在古代，統(tong)治(zhi)階層大興土木，搞基(ji)礎(chu)設施建設，發動百(bai)姓(xing)服勞(lao)役是(shi)非常常見(jian)的(de)，但是(shi)這就容(rong)易出(chu)現濫(lan)用民力(li)的(de)問題，百(bai)姓(xing)的(de)忍耐程(cheng)度也是(shi)有上限的(de)，超過上限也非常容(rong)易激起(qi)民變，秦末的(de)農(nong)民起(qi)義就有濫(lan)用民力(li)的(de)原因。
一個新政(zheng)權(quan)建立之(zhi)初，統治者往(wang)往(wang)就(jiu)是利用了(le)貧苦(ku)(ku)民眾長期以來(lai)對舊(jiu)政(zheng)權(quan)不滿的(de)情緒，推翻了(le)舊(jiu)政(zheng)權(quan)，建立了(le)新政(zheng)權(quan)，他們是比(bi)較理解百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)疾苦(ku)(ku)的(de)，常會(hui)采(cai)取(qu)修養生息的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)安(an)撫百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)，但是隨著時(shi)間(jian)推移，統治階層(ceng)逐漸變得麻木，安(an)于享樂，不再去(qu)體會(hui)百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)疾苦(ku)(ku)，政(zheng)府和百(bai)姓(xing)(xing)的(de)矛盾(dun)又會(hui)不斷(duan)加劇(ju)，再次突(tu)破臨界點，歷史(shi)又重演了(le)。
因為封建王朝末期，國家往往是處于比較動蕩的時期的，統治者已經無法控制地方勢力，農民則是最底層的人，受到的苦難最多，他們最迫切結束這個走向末期的封建王朝，農民起義的發生是很合理的。說起來，中國(guo)歷史(shi)上(shang)的王朝，一(yi)旦走向了末期，地方就會發生農民(min)起義。
比(bi)如以(yi)暴虐出名的秦始皇，在他活著的時候，地方就有很多(duo)起義，在他死(si)后(hou)，這些(xie)勢力(li)更是發展壯大，最后(hou)直接消滅(mie)了秦朝(chao)。又比(bi)如苛待(dai)百姓的隋煬帝(di)，他當上(shang)皇帝(di)后(hou)，開挖了很多(duo)運河，勞(lao)民傷財，農(nong)民們(men)根本忍受不了，于(yu)是各地便紛紛起義反(fan)抗隋朝(chao)，最終(zhong)隋朝(chao)也(ye)滅(mie)亡了。
首先我們要先明確一下封建王朝末期是一種怎樣的狀態。正常來說，一旦封建王朝走向沒落，就無法控制地方的動亂。古代(dai)王(wang)朝(chao)遇到地方動(dong)亂的情況，是(shi)時有發生的，特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)王(wang)朝(chao)剛(gang)建(jian)(jian)立的時候。如(ru)果王(wang)朝(chao)還處于(yu)穩定的狀態，朝(chao)廷就(jiu)會很快反應，立刻(ke)派兵鎮壓(ya)。而(er)一個處于(yu)末期的封建(jian)(jian)王(wang)朝(chao)對于(yu)地方的動(dong)亂，往往是(shi)無能為力的或者是(shi)無力鎮壓(ya)的。
另外(wai)，為(wei)什么偏偏是農(nong)民(min)(min)呢？其實我在(zai)上文已經解釋過了，因為(wei)農(nong)民(min)(min)的生活最艱苦。古代的農(nong)民(min)(min)都是靠(kao)著土(tu)地(di)生存的，他們離(li)不開土(tu)地(di)。農(nong)民(min)(min)還(huan)要給國家交稅，按(an)照國家的規定服(fu)勞役。試想一下，如果地(di)方(fang)如果出(chu)現了動亂(luan)，比如天災人禍，而朝廷(ting)卻(que)遲遲無法解決(jue)這些(xie)動亂(luan)。這些(xie)依(yi)靠(kao)著土(tu)地(di)生存的農(nong)民(min)(min)的生活自然也不好過。
農民若是生活艱難，還要被官吏壓迫，繳納稅賦。他們發現自己無法走出困境，不是被餓死，就是被官吏壓迫，就會講矛頭指向王朝。農民(min)(min)們(men)會怪罪于王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)的(de)無(wu)能、腐敗，想要推(tui)翻(fan)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)的(de)統治(zhi)。總的(de)來說，在封建(jian)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)末期，農民(min)(min)遭受了過(guo)多(duo)的(de)壓迫，生活毫無(wu)保證，農民(min)(min)起義(yi)的(de)情況(kuang)就(jiu)會比較嚴重。而(er)最無(wu)奈的(de)就(jiu)是封建(jian)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)無(wu)力鎮壓，農民(min)(min)起義(yi)就(jiu)會愈演(yan)愈烈(lie)，最終(zhong)很可能真的(de)推(tui)翻(fan)了封建(jian)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)。
人物檔案
姓名：方臘
別名：方十三(san)
國(guo)家： 中國(guo)
民族：漢族
所處朝代：北宋(song)
出生(sheng)地：睦州(zhou)青溪縣
出生時間：不詳
逝世(shi)日期(qi)：1121年
職業(ye)：農民起義首領、圣(sheng)公
主要成就(jiu)：發(fa)動(dong)民(min)變(bian)，建立政權
相關作(zuo)品：《水滸傳》
方臘又叫(jiao)方十三，北宋(song)(song)末年利(li)用明教(jiao)組織群(qun)眾(zhong)，于(yu)宋(song)(song)徽宗宣和二(er)(er)年發動起義，迅速攻占六州(zhou)五十二(er)(er)縣。雖然(ran)后來這場農民(min)起義，被大將童貫率精兵鎮壓，但(dan)是仍然(ran)一定程度上動搖了(le)宋(song)(song)朝的(de)統(tong)治。
如果能夠平穩的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)，就算過(guo)的(de)清貧一點(dian)也(ye)沒什么，所(suo)以若真沒到生(sheng)(sheng)死存亡的(de)時刻，是(shi)不會有人沒事兒找事兒，冒(mao)著生(sheng)(sheng)命危險起(qi)來反抗當朝(chao)統治(zhi)的(de)。方(fang)臘(la)起(qi)義(yi)之所(suo)以爆發(fa)，很簡單，正是(shi)因為方(fang)臘(la)所(suo)在(zai)的(de)百姓生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)過(guo)不下(xia)(xia)去了，才會在(zai)方(fang)臘(la)的(de)組織(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，一起(qi)反對(dui)宋朝(chao)的(de)統治(zhi)。
宋(song)(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)(zong)是歷史上著名的不應該當皇帝(di)(di)的皇帝(di)(di)，后(hou)世許多人都認(ren)為(wei)宋(song)(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)(zong)適(shi)合做一個藝術家，而(er)不是一個國(guo)家的統(tong)治者。宋(song)(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)(zong)十分喜愛(ai)花石(shi)竹木，所以(yi)上位之后(hou)在(zai)江南設“蘇杭應奉局”，派(pai)眾(zhong)爪牙(ya)到(dao)東南各地，搜刮民間花石(shi)竹木和奇珍(zhen)異寶(bao)，再用船只(zhi)運回京都。
宋(song)徽(hui)宗嘴巴一張，倒是(shi)沒什么問題，但是(shi)受累的(de)卻(que)是(shi)貧苦的(de)農民。中國古代封(feng)建統治(zhi)十(shi)分殘酷，享樂的(de)是(shi)皇室(shi)貴族，受剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)就是(shi)貧苦百姓。因(yin)為宋(song)徽(hui)宗這個要求，地方(fang)百姓因(yin)此受到殘酷剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)。方(fang)臘(la)所處的(de)青溪，因(yin)為盛產竹木漆，受剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)程(cheng)度更是(shi)嚴重。
方(fang)臘就(jiu)是(shi)這樣一個受剝(bo)削嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧苦百(bai)姓，他懷(huai)著對宋王(wang)朝殘酷統(tong)(tong)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻骨仇(chou)恨，選擇了(le)起義(yi)反對統(tong)(tong)治。他利(li)用當地(di)百(bai)姓同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仇(chou)恨情緒(xu)，將許(xu)多(duo)貧困失業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員組(zu)織起來(lai)。不(bu)得不(bu)說，宋朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)出(chu)現了(le)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，沒有多(duo)久(jiu)方(fang)臘就(jiu)組(zu)織到了(le)不(bu)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。等到后來(lai)發動起義(yi)之后，跟(gen)隨起義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓更是(shi)多(duo)達百(bai)萬人(ren)。
群眾(zhong)的(de)怒(nu)氣(qi)是可怕的(de)，力量是巨大的(de)。宣(xuan)和(he)二年十(shi)月，方臘率眾(zhong)起義，自稱圣公，建元永樂，設(she)置官(guan)吏將帥，以頭巾區別等級，從(cong)紅(hong)巾往(wang)上分(fen)六等。起義軍轟(hong)轟(hong)烈(lie)烈(lie)，氣(qi)勢如虹，燒房(fang)舍(she)，掠金(jin)帛子女(nv)，誘逼良民加入起義軍。在這(zhe)裹挾一切的(de)氣(qi)勢當中(zhong)，越來(lai)越多的(de)州縣(xian)被起義軍占(zhan)領(ling)。許多地方長官(guan)，甚(shen)至(zhi)無法與之力敵，要么戰死(si)，要么逃亡(wang)。
這支農民起義(yi)軍攻占六州五十二縣，包(bao)括今浙(zhe)江(jiang)省全境和(he)安徽、江(jiang)蘇(su)南部、江(jiang)西東北部的(de)廣(guang)大地區。而作為這場(chang)起義(yi)的(de)領導(dao)人，方臘更是志得意滿，建立政權，自號“圣公”，年號“永樂”。
這場起義爆發的迅速，一定程(cheng)度(du)上對北宋的統治造成了威(wei)脅(xie)。但是他(ta)爆發的快，消(xiao)失的也快。
經歷過初時的(de)不設防之后，宋(song)軍(jun)有效(xiao)組織軍(jun)隊反擊。方臘起(qi)義受到嚴重創傷。期間(jian)宋(song)徽宗曾經下詔招安方臘，遭到方臘的(de)拒(ju)絕，于是宋(song)軍(jun)對起(qi)義軍(jun)毫不留情。
在宋(song)軍的(de)(de)連連進攻下，方臘(la)(la)率領的(de)(de)起(qi)義(yi)軍連連受挫(cuo)。到了最后(hou)，方臘(la)(la)自己都被宋(song)軍逼迫的(de)(de)鬼縮在幫源洞。
幫源洞因為(wei)洞口(kou)十(shi)分隱蔽，官兵一時束手無(wu)策。還是當時僅為(wei)裨將的韓世忠(zhong)探(tan)查(cha)到(dao)洞口(kou)，率驍勇殺進洞中。
宣和三年四(si)月(yue)二十七日(ri)，在躲藏(zang)了三日(ri)后(hou)，方臘(la)和妻子、宰相方肥等人(ren)被忠州防御(yu)使辛興宗所(suo)俘虜，藏(zang)匿(ni)在洞中(zhong)的七萬起義軍被殺，方七佛(fo)等人(ren)逃走(zou)。方臘(la)被押(ya)解(jie)進京(jing)，同年八(ba)月(yue)被斬(zhan)首(shou)，方臘(la)起義這(zhe)才落(luo)下帷幕。 ?
導(dao)讀：宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)非常(chang)奇特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)(shen)么(me)(me)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)(me)說(shuo)(shuo)呢(ni)？宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、文(wen)(wen)化都(dou)達(da)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)封(feng)建時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂峰，陳寅(yin)恪說(shuo)(shuo)：「 ”華夏(xia)民(min)(min)族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化，歷(li)(li)數(shu)千(qian)載之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)演(yan)進，造(zao)極于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)趙(zhao)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)。”（《鄧廣(guang)銘(ming)(ming)〈宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)職官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)志考(kao)(kao)(kao)正(zheng)〉序(xu)》） 然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)在(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卻難脫「 ”弱宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帽子(zi)(zi)，在(zai)(zai)與(yu)周邊游(you)牧(mu)民(min)(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong)屢屢輸得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塌糊涂(tu)。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)要(yao)(yao)說(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)「 ”守內(nei)虛外(wai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)策所(suo)導(dao)致，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)實(shi)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)濟(ji)(ji)，面(mian)對國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)要(yao)(yao)祭出(chu)(chu)(chu)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，讓(rang)綠(lv)(lv)林好(hao)(hao)漢(han)(han)們(men)(men)(men)(men)俯首稱臣(chen)(chen)(chen)。 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)(shen)么(me)(me)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)那(nei)么(me)(me)喜歡招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)呢(ni)？僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)實(shi)力(li)嗎？ 下(xia)(xia)(xia)面(mian)，我們(men)(men)(men)(men)結合(he)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)，談談宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)制度(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)走向(xiang)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)性(xing)。 水泊梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi) 在(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，從(cong)秦末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳勝、吳廣(guang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)開(kai)始(shi)，到(dao)(dao)清末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平天(tian)(tian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，各色起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)屢見(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)。但(dan)它們(men)(men)(men)(men)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)期。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)代(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般會(hui)(hui)吸(xi)取前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗教(jiao)訓(xun)，防(fang)止類似(si)教(jiao)訓(xun)再(zai)(zai)(zai)次(ci)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 太(tai)(tai)(tai)平天(tian)(tian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)運動(dong)(dong)(dong) 然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活比(bi)較(jiao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，從(cong)始(shi)至終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直各種(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)。根據《兩宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)匯編(bian)(bian)(bian)》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據：在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)據可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)，兩宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)433次(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)祚(zuo)167年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)占(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)230次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，經(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)289年(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共才發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)186次(ci)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)（數(shu)字出(chu)(chu)(chu)自(zi)《唐五代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)匯編(bian)(bian)(bian)》）。 但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，盡(jin)(jin)管(guan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)此(ci)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)彼伏，但(dan)規模一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般都(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，基本都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)部性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)數(shu)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)順起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響力(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)名(ming)(ming)列前(qian)茅。 歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)規模并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)非如《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)渲染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，好(hao)(hao)漢(han)(han)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百零八(ba)條(tiao)，嘍啰數(shu)萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾，相(xiang)反(fan)(fan)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)非常(chang)精(jing)干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隊伍(wu)。 梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan) 《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)·侯(hou)(hou)蒙(meng)(meng)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載：宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寇京東，蒙(meng)(meng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)書曰：「 ”江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三十六(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)橫行(xing)齊、魏，官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)萬無(wu)(wu)(wu)敢抗者(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)才必(bi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。” 在(zai)(zai)《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)本末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)：「 ”宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盜(dao)(dao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三十六(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)橫行(xing)河朔,轉掠(lve)(lve)十郡(jun)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)莫敢攖其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鋒。” 北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)李(li)(li)若水在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《捕盜(dao)(dao)偶(ou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)：「 ”大(da)(da)(da)(da)書黃(huang)紙飛敕來(lai)，三十六(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同(tong)(tong)拜爵。” 以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)證據都(dou)表明，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)手其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)，但(dan)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)驍勇善戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，且深(shen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)謀略(lve)(lve)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)躲過(guo)(guo)(guo)數(shu)萬官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)捉捕。 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)劇(ju)(ju)照 于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，宣和(he)(he)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1119年(nian)(nian)），宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)徽宗接受(shou)(shou)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)侯(hou)(hou)蒙(meng)(meng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議，「 ”招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)撫在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東盜(dao)(dao)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)任命侯(hou)(hou)蒙(meng)(meng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東平知府(fu)，具體負責招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)事(shi)(shi)宜，然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)侯(hou)(hou)蒙(meng)(meng)還(huan)未(wei)(wei)到(dao)(dao)任就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)病(bing)故了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。 宣和(he)(he)三年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1121年(nian)(nian)），宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，乘(cheng)(cheng)船進抵海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)（今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇連云(yun)港），而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)知州(zhou)張(zhang)叔(shu)夜(ye)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)什(shen)(shen)(shen)么(me)(me)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)拿下(xia)(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)·張(zhang)叔(shu)夜(ye)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)件事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)： 「 ”（宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)）劫巨舟(zhou)十余(yu)，載鹵(lu)獲。（張(zhang)叔(shu)夜(ye)）于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)募(mu)死(si)(si)士(shi)(shi)得(de)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，設(she)伏近城(cheng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)輕(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)距海(hai)(hai)，誘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。（張(zhang)叔(shu)夜(ye)）先匿壯卒海(hai)(hai)旁(pang)，伺兵(bing)(bing)(bing)合(he)，舉(ju)火焚其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)舟(zhou)。 賊(zei)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆(jie)無(wu)(wu)(wu)斗志，伏兵(bing)(bing)(bing)乘(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，擒其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)副(fu)賊(zei)，（宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)）江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)乃降(jiang)。” 張(zhang)叔(shu)夜(ye)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)募(mu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)千(qian)余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，偷偷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)「 ”火攻(gong)”+「 ”伏擊戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)波操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)逼(bi)迫宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)投(tou)降(jiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。 至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)來(lai)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)去(qu)(qu)征討方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)，目前(qian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學界有(you)(you)(you)(you)爭議，但(dan)從(cong)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)慣例(li)(li)來(lai)看(kan)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)參(can)與(yu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)非常(chang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。 方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)劇(ju)(ju)照 下(xia)(xia)(xia)面(mian)，我們(men)(men)(men)(men)將(jiang)(jiang)從(cong)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)制度(du)(du)(du)，簡要(yao)(yao)分析一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)(shen)么(me)(me)。 二(er)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)(shen)么(me)(me)喜歡招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)？ 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)對待起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)(du)(du)，始(shi)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)選擇(ze)強(qiang)(qiang)攻(gong)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)如下(xia)(xia)(xia)苦衷。 1、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)力(li)十分虛弱 北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)，鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唐末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、五代(dai)(dai)時(shi)期節度(du)(du)(du)使(shi)尾大(da)(da)(da)(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓(xun)，采取了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)「 ”強(qiang)(qiang)干弱枝”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策：朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)(he)守備(bei)(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禁軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，但(dan)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)州(zhou)郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)力(li)卻十分虛弱。 《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》里有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載，說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)咸(xian)平三年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1000年(nian)(nian)），黃(huang)州(zhou)知州(zhou)向(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)奏當時(shi)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)守備(bei)(bei)(bei)如何(he)松懈： 「 ”今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、淮諸州(zhou)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)患有(you)(you)(you)(you)三：城(cheng)池(chi)墮圮(pi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；兵(bing)(bing)(bing)仗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)，二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服習(xi)，三也(ye)(ye)(ye)。” 此(ci)時(shi)距離北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)開(kai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)剛剛過(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)40年(nian)(nian)，地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)情況。但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警覺，地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)(bei)源源不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)調(diao)往(wang)(wang)邊境(jing)，防(fang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)遼和(he)(he)西(xi)夏(xia)。 到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)才會(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)數(shu)萬官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)奈何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)面(mian)。 北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun) 2、文(wen)(wen)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)想(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)動(dong)(dong)(dong)干戈 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)「 ”重(zhong)文(wen)(wen)輕(qing)武(wu)”，文(wen)(wen)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)獲得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)語(yu)權，皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)信誓旦旦：要(yao)(yao)與(yu)士(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫共治天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)許多(duo)宰執大(da)(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)都(dou)出(chu)(chu)(chu)自(zi)貧(pin)民(min)(min)階層(ceng)，比(bi)較(jiao)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)呂蒙(meng)(meng)正(zheng)和(he)(he)范仲淹(yan)。 呂蒙(meng)(meng)正(zheng)年(nian)(nian)幼時(shi)母子(zi)(zi)被(bei)(bei)逐(zhu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)家(jia)門(men)，貧(pin)困不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堪，他(ta)(ta)自(zi)述是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)「 ”思(si)衣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遮其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體，思(si)食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濟(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)饑，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)憎，下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)厭”（《寒(han)窯賦(fu)》），但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)絲毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)影(ying)響其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)來(lai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狀元(yuan)宰相(xiang)。 范仲淹(yan)自(zi)幼一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貧(pin)如洗，便用(yong)(yong)兩升小(xiao)米煮粥(zhou)(zhou)，隔(ge)夜(ye)粥(zhou)(zhou)凝(ning)固后(hou)(hou)，用(yong)(yong)刀(dao)切為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四塊，早晚各食兩塊，再(zai)(zai)(zai)切一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)腌菜佐食，但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)沒耽誤他(ta)(ta)日后(hou)(hou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)賢相(xiang)。 范仲淹(yan) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)寒(han)門(men)子(zi)(zi)弟能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)科舉(ju)走上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)高(gao)(gao)位以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)，更(geng)加能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)懂得(de)民(min)(min)間疾苦。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惜鋌(ting)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)走險者(zhe)(zhe)，更(geng)多(duo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)惻隱(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。 另外(wai)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點，從(cong)文(wen)(wen)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)來(lai)講，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)希望打(da)仗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)們(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)希望武(wu)將(jiang)(jiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)干這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)相(xiang)對「 ”簡單(dan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)到(dao)(dao)提拔(ba)；二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如果皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)讓(rang)文(wen)(wen)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)們(men)(men)(men)(men)去(qu)(qu)領兵(bing)(bing)(bing)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)把(ba)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)面(mian)搞得(de)更(geng)糟(zao)，參(can)見(jian)《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)俅(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屢次(ci)敗(bai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)。 3、頻繁動(dong)(dong)(dong)武(wu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)燒(shao)錢(qian) 北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，深(shen)受(shou)(shou)「 ”三冗(rong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒害：冗(rong)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、冗(rong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)、冗(rong)員。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，盡(jin)(jin)管(guan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)，但(dan)因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)被(bei)(bei)「 ”三冗(rong)”所(suo)拖累，仍然(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)「 ”積貧(pin)積弱”，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，再(zai)(zai)(zai)擠出(chu)(chu)(chu)僅(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀子(zi)(zi)去(qu)(qu)平亂，實(shi)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)劃算(suan)。 動(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)武(wu)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)燒(shao)錢(qian)，還(huan)容易引(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)遺癥。比(bi)如，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)將(jiang)(jiang)領為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)貪冒戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)功，很(hen)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)濫殺無(wu)(wu)(wu)辜；一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)士(shi)(shi)卒為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)飽私囊，很(hen)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)燒(shao)殺搶掠(lve)(lve)。 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，都(dou)會(hui)(hui)對當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響，甚(shen)至會(hui)(hui)讓(rang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)死(si)(si)灰復(fu)燃(ran)、反(fan)(fan)復(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心病(bing)和(he)(he)永遠填不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窟(ku)窿。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)如果選擇(ze)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制度(du)(du)(du)，那(nei)么(me)(me)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)效果可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立(li)竿見(jian)影(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氣候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)短時(shi)間內(nei)得(de)到(dao)(dao)平息(xi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)像(xiang)唐末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)黃(huang)巢(chao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)那(nei)樣(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)收(shou)拾。 黃(huang)巢(chao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi) 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)綠(lv)(lv)林好(hao)(hao)漢(han)(han)被(bei)(bei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)開(kai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優厚條(tiao)件所(suo)吸(xi)引(yin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)(zai)(zai)作(zuo)(zuo)亂，反(fan)(fan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)會(hui)(hui)搖(yao)身一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，向(xiang)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)「 ”同(tong)(tong)行(xing)”反(fan)(fan)戈一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擊。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)去(qu)(qu)征方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點，我們(men)(men)(men)(men)剛才提到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)蒙(meng)(meng)，曾經(jing)(jing)向(xiang)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)奏說(shuo)(shuo)： 「 ”宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三個(ge)六(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)橫行(xing)河朔，京東官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)萬，無(wu)(wu)(wu)敢抗者(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)材必(bi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)若赦過(guo)(guo)(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)降(jiang)，使(shi)討方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)贖，或足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平東南(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂。”（《東都(dou)事(shi)(shi)略(lve)(lve)》） 以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)熱(re)衷于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)「 ”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暴制暴”來(lai)看(kan)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)參(can)與(yu)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)臘(la)(la)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)李(li)(li)綱(gang)，曾經(jing)(jing)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)總結招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妙處： 「 ”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)彌內(nei)亂，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御外(wai)敵，二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；善良(liang)脅(xie)從(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)散而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)歸田畝，三也(ye)(ye)(ye)；強(qiang)(qiang)猾勇敢者(zhe)(zhe)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)籍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)行(xing)陣(zhen)，四也(ye)(ye)(ye)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盜(dao)(dao)賊(zei)攻(gong)寇仇，勝則(ze)享(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)功，敗(bai)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足惜，五也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《論(lun)盜(dao)(dao)》） 「 ”勝則(ze)享(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)功，敗(bai)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足惜。”《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong)(zhong)好(hao)(hao)漢(han)(han)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)句(ju)(ju)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)寫照嗎？ 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)劇(ju)(ju)照 三、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)(bei)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)性(xing) 剛才我們(men)(men)(men)(men)從(cong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，分析了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何(he)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)們(men)(men)(men)(men)喜歡招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)面(mian)，我們(men)(men)(men)(men)再(zai)(zai)(zai)從(cong)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)好(hao)(hao)漢(han)(han)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，分析一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何(he)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)必(bi)然(ran)受(shou)(shou)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。 1、招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升通(tong)(tong)(tong)道 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)名(ming)(ming)言：「 ”要(yao)(yao)高(gao)(gao)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，受(shou)(shou)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)；欲得(de)富，須胡做(zuo)(zuo)。”（《雞肋編(bian)(bian)(bian)》） 先落草，再(zai)(zai)(zai)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，后(hou)(hou)做(zuo)(zuo)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)幾(ji)乎(hu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)庶民(min)(min)走向(xiang)「 ”人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)巔峰”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)門(men)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升通(tong)(tong)(tong)道，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)(shen)么(me)(me)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)(me)說(shuo)(shuo)呢(ni)？ 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)實(shi)行(xing)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)衷，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)對起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)深(shen)同(tong)(tong)情，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)借助他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量(liang)(liang)，消滅(mie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匪盜(dao)(dao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)「 ”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亂治亂”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)劇(ju)(ju)照 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)吸(xi)引(yin)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)們(men)(men)(men)(men)受(shou)(shou)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)當然(ran)要(yao)(yao)開(kai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)「 ”價碼”。比(bi)如，赦免(mian)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)犯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)給予加官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進爵。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活在(zai)(zai)社(she)會(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)來(lai)講，除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)「 ”大(da)(da)(da)(da)碗(wan)喝(he)酒、大(da)(da)(da)(da)塊吃(chi)肉(rou)”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)較(jiao)低級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)需求(qiu)(qiu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)追求(qiu)(qiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、獲得(de)他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尊重(zhong)、達(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)我實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)級(ji)需求(qiu)(qiu)。 所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong)(zhong)，我們(men)(men)(men)(men)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)，絕(jue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)向(xiang)往(wang)(wang)被(bei)(bei)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，進入到(dao)(dao)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)「 ”體制內(nei)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)們(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)光撕掉(diao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)罪犯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)簽，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且還(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)「 ”官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”，獲得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)被(bei)(bei)社(she)會(hui)(hui)重(zhong)新認可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新身份(fen)。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)孫勝、魯智(zhi)深(shen)、武(wu)松等(deng)少數(shu)世(shi)(shi)外(wai)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)或早已(yi)(yi)淡泊名(ming)(ming)利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，對招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)冷眼相(xiang)看(kan)。 魯智(zhi)深(shen)——招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)反(fan)(fan)對派(pai) 還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)，在(zai)(zai)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，盡(jin)(jin)管(guan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)標(biao)榜「 ”忠義(yi)(yi)”二(er)字，但(dan)殊不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知，「 ”忠”與(yu)「 ”義(yi)(yi)”往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)得(de)兼。封(feng)建社(she)會(hui)(hui)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)(men)忠君。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)徹徹底(di)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)忠君，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)必(bi)須放(fang)棄兄弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)「 ”小(xiao)義(yi)(yi)”。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song) *** 死(si)(si)李(li)(li)逵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)層(ceng)次(ci)原因(yin)(yin)。 2、招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)結局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju) 我們(men)(men)(men)(men)從(cong)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)小(xiao)說(shuo)(shuo)兩個(ge)層(ceng)面(mian)，來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問題。 （1）在(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)(bei)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸宿(su)。 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)曾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量(liang)(liang)橫行(xing)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東，官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數(shu)萬莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)當，但(dan)張(zhang)叔(shu)夜(ye)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)用(yong)(yong)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)謀略(lve)(lve)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)逼(bi)降(jiang)。 很(hen)顯然(ran)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)說(shuo)(shuo)明北(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗力(li)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)掉(diao)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)渣都(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剩，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)們(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗力(li)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)到(dao)(dao)逆天(tian)(tian)。 歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)流寇式打(da)法，如黃(huang)巢(chao)、李(li)(li)自(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)規模雖然(ran)達(da)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)幾(ji)十萬甚(shen)至上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)百萬，但(dan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)覆(fu)滅(mie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)。 （2）在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)(bei)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。 梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泊起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初(chu)由「 ”白(bai)衣秀士(shi)(shi)”王倫所(suo)創，頭(tou)領稀少、力(li)量(liang)(liang)薄弱。晁蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)(hou)，雖實(shi)力(li)大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)，但(dan)與(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)致。 宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)晁蓋(gai)劇(ju)(ju)照 自(zi)從(cong)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)做(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)，梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)才獲得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)突飛猛進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，頭(tou)領一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百單(dan)八(ba)位，嘍啰達(da)到(dao)(dao)數(shu)萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾。 然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)畢竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)洼(wa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)像(xiang)曹操(cao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)屯田，但(dan)頭(tou)領們(men)(men)(men)(men)卻還(huan)要(yao)(yao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)「 ”大(da)(da)(da)(da)塊吃(chi)肉(rou)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)碗(wan)喝(he)酒、論(lun)稱分金(jin)銀”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)(me)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)隊伍(wu)，要(yao)(yao)想(xiang)取得(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)物質(zhi)享(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)(shou)，靠打(da)家(jia)劫舍已(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法滿(man)足，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)選擇(ze)攻(gong)略(lve)(lve)州(zhou)府(fu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)(zuo)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)重(zhong)視是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)當時(shi)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)力(li)來(lai)看(kan)，攻(gong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)趙(zhao)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，幾(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。 結語(yu)：盡(jin)(jin)管(guan)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)被(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)頻繁使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，且屢試不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爽(shuang)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旦起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)被(bei)(bei)平息(xi)后(hou)(hou)，局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)勢就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)好(hao)(hao)轉。但(dan)實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)深(shen)層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)得(de)到(dao)(dao)解決(jue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)釋放(fang)。 產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)矛(mao)盾(dun)(dun)始(shi)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)，反(fan)(fan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)愈(yu)演(yan)愈(yu)烈，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)頻仍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)正(zheng)原因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。 參(can)考(kao)(kao)(kao)資料(liao)：《寒(han)窯賦(fu)》《論(lun)盜(dao)(dao)》《雞肋編(bian)(bian)(bian)》《捕盜(dao)(dao)偶(ou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》《東都(dou)事(shi)(shi)略(lve)(lve)》《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)事(shi)(shi)本末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)》《唐五代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)匯編(bian)(bian)(bian)》《兩宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)匯編(bian)(bian)(bian)》《鄧廣(guang)銘(ming)(ming)〈宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)職官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)志考(kao)(kao)(kao)正(zheng)〉序(xu)》《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)治安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)問題初(chu)探》
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