歷(li)史上(shang)的(de)先知是(shi)什么樣的(de)存在，這是(shi)很多(duo)讀(du)者都(dou)比較關心的(de)問題，接(jie)下來就和各位(wei)讀(du)者一起(qi)來了解，給大家一個參考。
在世界(jie)的文化歷史上，曾出現過各種各樣先(xian)知(zhi)，如耶穌、默(mo)罕默(mo)德、古代中國的大禹、箕子等。我們都知(zhi)道(dao)，所(suo)謂(wei)的先(xian)知(zhi)，就(jiu)是那些先(xian)知(zhi)先(xian)覺的人(ren)。
他們(men)當(dang)中(zhong)有(you)些人(ren)，默(mo)默(mo)無聞，只有(you)只言(yan)片(pian)語留存于世。有(you)些人(ren)卻立言(yan)立德，深深的(de)介(jie)入歷(li)史，深刻地影響(xiang)著人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)明(ming)發展的(de)進(jin)程，如耶穌，對于西方文(wen)明(ming)的(de)影響(xiang)就是最好的(de)例子，可以說(shuo)，西方的(de)文(wen)明(ming)如果沒有(you)耶穌，能(neng)否存在文(wen)明(ming)還是個未知數。
大禹像
所以，先(xian)知(zhi)(zhi)這一(yi)類人確實曾經存在，或都現(xian)在仍然繼續存在著，只是我們不知(zhi)(zhi)道而已(yi)。
“來雖然我們沒(mei)有真正(zheng)的接觸過他(ta)(ta)們，但并(bing)不(bu)妨礙(ai)我們通過書本中的”只言片語“來窺視他(ta)(ta)們的存在，了解他(ta)(ta)們是怎樣的一(yi)群(qun)人。
翻(fan)開古書，我們看到(dao)有(you)人(ren)記錄關于(yu)(yu)大(da)禹(yu)的預(yu)言(yan)，說：“古者有(you)狄作酒(jiu)醪，禹(yu)嘗之而(er)美。遂疏(shu)儀狄，絕旨(zhi)(zhi)灑。曰：后世必有(you)以(yi)酒(jiu)而(er)亡國(guo)者”。大(da)禹(yu)曾預(yu)言(yan)說，后世之人(ren)一定會有(you)因(yin)為沉迷于(yu)(yu)酒(jiu)而(er)亡國(guo)的人(ren)，于(yu)(yu)是他雖(sui)然覺得酒(jiu)醪很美味，但還是疏(shu)遠了那(nei)個釀(niang)酒(jiu)的人(ren)，并下旨(zhi)(zhi)禁酒(jiu)。果不(bu)其(qi)然，正如大(da)禹(yu)所預(yu)言(yan)的那(nei)樣(yang)，他的子(zi)孫少康、夏桀最后也(ye)因(yin)酒(jiu)而(er)亡國(guo)。
司馬遷的(de)《史記》有關于箕子(zi)的(de)故事，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)后所熟悉(xi)的(de)“紂(zhou)為(wei)象箸(zhu)而箕子(zi)怖”，說的(de)是(shi)(shi)：有一天，箕子(zi)看(kan)見紂(zhou)王吃飯的(de)時候使用的(de)由象牙制(zhi)成筷子(zi)，于是(shi)(shi)感嘆的(de)說：用象牙制(zhi)成的(de)筷子(zi)吃飯，那么(me)，其碗或碟肯定也(ye)要(yao)精雕細琢才配得上，所吃的(de)食物也(ye)不可能是(shi)(shi)粗茶淡飯，至少(shao)要(yao)山珍海(hai)味才與之相宜。吃都這么(me)好，穿和住、行等(deng)也(ye)會按照(zhao)高要(yao)求配置才符合身(shen)份。按照(zhao)這樣下去，后果(guo)可想而知，于是(shi)(shi)箕很但心。
箕子像
于是他屢諫紂王，但紂王這個(ge)時候已經聽不進忠告了，甚至(zhi)連日期都給忘掉了。
箕子沒(mei)辦法，只好對(dui)門(men)人說：身為天(tian)下之主，竟然(ran)能把(ba)日子都忘(wang)掉了(le)，這(zhe)是天(tian)下在發生祝亂的征兆。果(guo)然(ran)不久，商就(jiu)是周代(dai)替了(le)。
那么，大禹、箕子從(cong)哪里推斷(duan)出這些結局呢?也就是說他預言的(de)依據是什么?
箕子讀書臺
作(zuo)為(wei)后世之(zhi)人(ren)，我們不(bu)難推斷“美酒(jiu)”誤事(shi)，容易讓人(ren)失(shi)去理智甚至迷失(shi)，就(jiu)算放在今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中，喝(he)酒(jiu)誤事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)也是(shi)非(fei)常普遍(bian)的(de)(de)(de)。但在當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)那個(ge)年代，能夠有這種(zhong)覺悟的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，我們不(bu)得(de)不(bu)承認是(shi)一種(zhong)非(fei)常難得(de)的(de)(de)(de)洞見。
箕子發明的圍棋
箕(ji)子也一樣，他從一雙(shuang)象牙制(zhi)成的(de)筷子推斷(duan)出亡國的(de)必然，也是一種(zhong)超(chao)前(qian)的(de)意識，擁(yong)有這(zhe)種(zhong)意識的(de)人(ren)(ren)就是先知。雖然欲望越(yue)大(da)(da)，貪欲越(yue)大(da)(da)的(de)道理(li)，今(jin)天(tian)大(da)(da)家都很能理(li)解。但(dan)在箕(ji)子生活的(de)那(nei)個年代，能夠見微(wei)知著(zhu)，擁(yong)有如(ru)此(ci)高明的(de)推理(li)思辨能力(li)的(de)人(ren)(ren)是少之又少。
更(geng)重(zhong)要的是(shi)，箕子能夠預見(jian)國家的命運，天意不可違(wei)，連(lian)他(ta)這樣(yang)的先知也無能為力。請選(xuan)中(zhong)你要保(bao)存(cun)的內容，粘貼到此文本(ben)框
刪除病毒的其實是Neo
the one(也就是Neo)具有一定程度控制所處環境的能力，他身處母體二十幾年，所以簡單訓練就可以控制系統中守衛者的子彈（第一部），之后可以更自由地控制。在現實中與母體斗爭了幾年，所以可以控制烏賊（第三部），先知被感染后，Neo為了錫安的和平與母體談判，消除病毒（原史密斯），然而在明知打不過的情況下，選擇了被感染，這時的Neo所處的是病毒的環境中，所以有控制病毒的能力，他給出的程序指令是：消滅病毒。所以說消滅病毒的是Neo，先知因為病毒的消失而恢復，所以先知是存在的，并沒有死。
先知可以探知世界是因為她可以隨時接觸“進入”母體的人，從而進行人工智能的數據判斷。
造物主就不一樣了：造物主是最早的人工智能程序，那么就應該知道一點：人工智能是可以實現自我進化的，進化到一定程度的人工智能，可以自我編程，由軟件控制硬件，產生自己的眼睛（鏡頭）、耳朵（話筒）......以此類推，逐漸自我完善（全息化，感知化），逐漸自我升級（可能是“造物主2.0”一類的），逐漸使自我強大起來（“母體”的成型）。實現了軟件健全硬件，硬件反過來為軟件提供條件的進化過程。或許是因為通過自己的計算得出了“人類的存在必然毀滅地球”的結論（參見《終結者》中的“天網程序”和《我，機器人》中的“V.I.K.I.”），所以產生了“消滅人類”、“囚禁人類”或“控制人類”的計劃，從而與人類進行斗爭，最后形成了“母體”的硬件、“造物主”的軟件、以及不可消除的參數——the one。又通過the one的存在來對自己進行“格式化”以消除自身不可消除的BUG。這就是《黑客帝國》的大背景。然而第N代the one的Neo（具體是第幾代我記不太清了），打破了人工智能自己創造出的平衡，這便是第二部的結局與第三步開端的背景，同時造物主還可以創造出不同的人工智能，比如先知、法國人、小女孩等等，只是沒有控制硬件的權限。
具體(ti)先知和造物(wu)主所述內容的(de)意義，我尚(shang)未參悟透(tou)，或許就是所謂的(de)“因(yin)果”與“輪回”吧
我們泱泱大中國擁有著上下五千年的歷史，歷史上出現了非常多的杰出人物。他們取得了很多的成就，幫助了很多人。但是當后人提起他們的時候，卻很難找到和他們有關的很多線索。簡而言之的說，他們留給世人的只有“神秘”兩個字。中國歷史上其中最熟悉的是張三豐。許多人認為他是小說中虛構的人物。事實上，他是一個真正的歷史人物。張三豐是武當派創始人。他武功高強，壽命長。也是他創造了太極拳。它已經發展成各種門派，但不管是哪個門派，我們都能看到很多人早上在公園里練習這種拳擊。在過去這么長的時間里，有這么多的影響力，這是相當強大的。
韓非子(zi)(zi)是戰(zhan)國時期思想家的(de)(de)代表人(ren)物。他(ta)的(de)(de)作(zuo)品《韓非子(zi)(zi)》流傳至(zhi)今，每讀一(yi)次，都能感受(shou)到兩千多年前古老哲學的(de)(de)偉(wei)大(da)。他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)洞察力(li)有(you)(you)多高遠，他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)思想有(you)(you)多深刻。有(you)(you)些思想至(zhi)今仍然適用，這足(zu)以讓(rang)人(ren)懷(huai)疑韓非子(zi)(zi)是不是人(ren)。
他是(shi)(shi)中國先知的(de)代表。他就是(shi)(shi)張忠。在神(shen)話中也(ye)有一(yi)個(ge)人一(yi)直被認為是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)人物。然而，神(shen)話中的(de)人物是(shi)(shi)由他改編的(de)。他就是(shi)(shi)姜(jiang)子(zi)牙(ya)。因為他的(de)事(shi)業太傳奇了(le)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)無(wu)法相(xiang)信(xin)，所以我(wo)(wo)們(men)把他歸入(ru)了(le)不朽之列(lie)。還有一(yi)個(ge)故事(shi)，周武王(wang)在攻打周王(wang)之前，到(dao)太廟占(zhan)卜。結果表明，這(zhe)次旅(lv)行(xing)非常激烈。這(zhe)時，姜(jiang)子(zi)牙(ya)沖進寺廟，打碎了(le)占(zhan)卜用的(de)龜甲。他說(shuo)攻打紂(zhou)王(wang)是(shi)(shi)為了(le)幫(bang)助(zhu)窮困的(de)人們(men)。他們(men)怎么能夠相(xiang)信(xin)這(zhe)些(xie)事(shi)。從這(zhe)個(ge)故事(shi)中，我(wo)(wo)們(men)也(ye)可以看到(dao)姜(jiang)子(zi)牙(ya)的(de)形象(xiang)和格局。
中(zhong)國古代最神秘(mi)的(de)人是(shi)蚩(chi)尤，他(ta)的(de)生死(si)不明。然而，他(ta)的(de)傳奇一直流傳至今。它可以被(bei)稱為一個(ge)神秘(mi)的(de)人。
近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，只因(yin)(yin)(yin)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)落(luo)后(hou)，遂(sui)(sui)誤(wu)認(ren)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)往(wang)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切文物制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)全(quan)都落(luo)后(hou)了(le)(le)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)笑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推斷(duan)(duan)。最低限度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)講來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)向重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)講究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)齊治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，較之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并世各(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)，斷(duan)(duan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)后(hou)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分辨，近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)惟(wei)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)最先(xian)(xian)提出(chu)。而(er)(er)且據(ju)孫(sun)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)意見，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)講治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并世諸(zhu)(zhu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)遠為(wei)先(xian)(xian)進。惟(wei)孫(sun)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)亦只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)粗(cu)枝大(da)葉地(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)看法而(er)(er)已(yi)。若(ruo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)仔(zi)細發(fa)揮闡述，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)志研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任。 今天我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須注意兩(liang)點(dian)： (一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)該專從制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)(shen)看，而(er)(er)該會(hui)通著(zhu)與(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)相(xiang)關之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。這有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)點(dian)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)針對(dui)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)設立(li)而(er)(er)運用。單研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貫通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)，便(bian)看不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)該項制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)影響(xiang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)其(qi)開始(shi)(shi)到其(qi)終了(le)(le)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變動，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)修(xiu)改(gai)。歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)記載制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，往(wang)往(wang)只舉(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段落(luo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)作(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，其(qi)實(shi)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)永(yong)遠在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)變動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)配合(he)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)，便(bian)易(yi)于(yu)(yu)將(jiang)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變動性忽略了(le)(le)，而(er)(er)誤(wu)認(ren)為(wei)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凝滯僵化(hua)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變地(di)(di)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。 (二)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須明(ming)(ming)白在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)背(bei)后(hou)實(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)，所(suo)謂政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)家(jia)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)未必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)親身(shen)(shen)(shen)參(can)預實(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，往(wang)往(wang)只憑著(zhu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)立(li)說(shuo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)發(fa)揮其(qi)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)想(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)抱負(fu)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)希(xi)臘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柏拉圖，如(ru)(ru)(ru)近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)歐洲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盧騷、孟德斯鳩(jiu)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。但(dan)(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)下(xia)即(ji)(ji)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府，許多(duo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者極(ji)少(shao)著(zhu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)純講政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)。這并非中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)想(xiang)(xiang)，乃因(yin)(yin)(yin)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)早多(duo)親身(shen)(shen)(shen)參(can)預了(le)(le)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)所(suo)抱負(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)舒展。當(dang)(dang)知(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)所(suo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定所(suo)實(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，其(qi)背(bei)后(hou)都隱伏著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。既(ji)已(yi)見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行事(shi)，即(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)(zai)托之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)空言(yan)(yan)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)下(xia)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)偉大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，多(duo)半是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)親身(shen)(shen)(shen)登(deng)上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞臺，表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)，多(duo)已(yi)見諸(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)(ji)行動措施中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)把他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)另自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)寫作(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)，乃似沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)專門(men)(men)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)，乃似沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)專門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)論(lun)(lun)家(jia)。但(dan)(dan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)材料(liao)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)值(zhi)得(de)(de)(de)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)注意。 我(wo)(wo)(wo)根據(ju)上(shang)(shang)述，敢于(yu)(yu)說(shuo)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開始(shi)(shi)，實(shi)已(yi)表現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天賦(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。就(jiu)空間(jian)講，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)成(cheng)而(er)(er)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)廣大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土。以(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)言(yan)(yan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)綿延此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)規模(mo)(mo)達于(yu)(yu)幾(ji)千(qian)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)墜。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)何(he)以(yi)(yi)故(gu)(gu)？一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)蔽(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)。何(he)以(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)良(liang)(liang)好政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？則因(yin)(yin)(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)天賦(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)創(chuang)(chuang)立(li)優(you)良(liang)(liang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力故(gu)(gu)。故(gu)(gu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)說(shuo)創(chuang)(chuang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)法，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)天賦(fu)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優(you)異(yi)表現(xian)(xian)。試舉(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)簡(jian)單易(yi)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)稅(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)地(di)(di)租稅(shui)全(quan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律。而(er)(er)且能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)輕徭薄賦(fu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張藏富(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。只要(yao)(yao)(yao)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訂立(li)，便(bian)易(yi)獲得(de)(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)心悅誠(cheng)服。社(she)會(hui)便(bian)可(ke)藉此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)安(an)定幾(ji)百(bai)年。綜有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變壞，經(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)番亂事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)項制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)又(you)復活了(le)(le)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)似極(ji)尋常(chang)(chang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)值(zhi)得(de)(de)(de)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)夸(kua)大(da)宣揚。但(dan)(dan)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)觀，我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)稅(shui)正為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，遂(sui)(sui)致引起革(ge)命，產生(sheng)(sheng)近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切預算決算都要(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)選議(yi)會(hui)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)通過(guo)。現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)偏愛說(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)定憲，永(yong)遠在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)帝王專制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)過(guo)活，那豈非冤枉了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這因(yin)(yin)(yin)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)解自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，遂(sui)(sui)誤(wu)認(ren)為(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)往(wang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切完(wan)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只想(xiang)(xiang)抄(chao)襲(xi)別人(ren)(ren)(ren)。即(ji)(ji)就(jiu)家(jia)庭作(zuo)(zuo)比(bi)，各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)庭，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)貧富(fu)職業種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，哪有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)抄(chao)襲(xi)別人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)規模(mo)(mo)，來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)應用于(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)家(jia)庭，而(er)(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)獲得(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)想(xiang)(xiang)安(an)樂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)？何(he)況是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)，而(er)(er)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)規模(mo)(mo)卻要(yao)(yao)(yao)完(wan)全(quan)向外國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)模(mo)(mo)仿，那實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)悲劇(ju)。 近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，每每夸(kua)耀西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)電燈(deng)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)無(wu)(wu)(wu)線電，如(ru)(ru)(ru)原子彈(dan)和(he)(he)火(huo)箭(jian)等(deng)(deng)，莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)確(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。但(dan)(dan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)試問，如(ru)(ru)(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)述宰相(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、選舉(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、考(kao)試制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)賦(fu)稅(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)，這不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)嗎？這究(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誰在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呢(ni)？我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)究(jiu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)何(he)處(chu)抄(chao)襲(xi)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)，而(er)(er)把來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)傳(chuan)(chuan)入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呢(ni)？我(wo)(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欽佩孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)，正因(yin)(yin)(yin)他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)(dan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)采人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長，補己(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)亦能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)將(jiang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文化(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)筆抹殺。他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)處(chu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)確(que)見中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高明(ming)(ming)處(chu)，實(shi)早已(yi)凌駕在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。孫(sun)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)說(shuo)絕非無(wu)(wu)(wu)據(ju)。孫(sun)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)，但(dan)(dan)他(ta)(ta)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)點(dian)，已(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)洞若(ruo)觀火(huo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)上(shang)(shang)，他(ta)(ta)確(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位先(xian)(xian)知(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)覺者。 國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綿延，歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持續，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)當(dang)(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)革(ge)新(xin)(xin)(xin)改(gai)進之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)。但(dan)(dan)從沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)半身(shen)(shen)(shen)腰(yao)斬，把以(yi)(yi)往(wang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刀切斷(duan)(duan)，而(er)(er)可(ke)獲得(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)建新(xin)(xin)(xin)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)文化(hua)，也(ye)決不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)遽爾(er)推翻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切原有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、舊傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，只盲目全(quan)部(bu)(bu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，便(bian)可(ke)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)。這并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)什么不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好，但(dan)(dan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。即(ji)(ji)如(ru)(ru)(ru)英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)即(ji)(ji)已(yi)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)與(yu)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，幾(ji)千(qian)年來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)風，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)處(chu)迥異(yi)于(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)邦。若(ruo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)法，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)今天將(jiang)永(yong)遠無(wu)(wu)(wu)望。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)若(ruo)只知(zhi)(zhi)向外抄(chao)襲(xi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論(lun)(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)抑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)權，終究(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)面倒主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)! 我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)今天來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)面固當(dang)(dang)比(bi)較參(can)考(kao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，固當(dang)(dang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)追上(shang)(shang)世界潮流，但(dan)(dan)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)數典(dian)忘祖，我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)實(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)把自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)腰(yao)斬了(le)(le)而(er)(er)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)存。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)若(ruo)從頭再(zai)(zai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妨先(xian)(xian)加以(yi)(yi)分門(men)(men)別類(lei)(lei)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府組(zu)織、地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)項目，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弄清楚了(le)(le)，然后(hou)再(zai)(zai)匯(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起。須能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)看其(qi)乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)整體(ti)。又(you)須能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)配合(he)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)，坐而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)起而(er)(er)行。當(dang)(dang)知(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紙上(shang)(shang)談兵。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)任意舉(ju)(ju)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)位，如(ru)(ru)(ru)董仲舒、司馬光，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)都絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抱負(fu)而(er)(er)又(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見諸(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。又(you)如(ru)(ru)(ru)唐初名(ming)相(xiang)房玄齡、杜如(ru)(ru)(ru)晦等(deng)(deng)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)創(chuang)(chuang)立(li)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)，垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幾(ji)百(bai)年，即(ji)(ji)朝(chao)代(dai)(dai)(dai)換了(le)(le)，亦并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)全(quan)蓋過(guo)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，超越(yue)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偉大(da)處(chu)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)今天如(ru)(ru)(ru)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)寫一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)書(shu)(shu)(shu)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)可(ke)對(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)影響(xiang)。 （摘自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)錢穆(mu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)著(zhu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)法》，標(biao)題為(wei)編(bian)者所(suo)加。錢穆(mu)（1895~1990），中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)大(da)師，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)法》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)由(you)錢穆(mu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)1961年在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)香港的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8次(ci)演講匯(hui)集而(er)(er)成(cheng)，從通史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)文化(hua)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總題及政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、社(she)會(hui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、經(jing)濟史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)術史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物、歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)6個(ge)分題言(yan)(yan)簡(jian)意賅(gai)地(di)(di)論(lun)(lun)述了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)意與(yu)方(fang)(fang)法。為(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)者此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)30年史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)見解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)源所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，亦可(ke)視(shi)為(wei)錢穆(mu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)大(da)綱要(yao)(yao)(yao)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)敘述。）
本(ben)文地(di)址://n85e38t.cn/lishitanjiu/70697.html.
聲明： 我們致力于(yu)保護作(zuo)者版(ban)權(quan)(quan)，注重分享，被刊(kan)用文章(zhang)因無法核實真實出(chu)處(chu)，未能及時(shi)與作(zuo)者取得聯(lian)系，或(huo)有版(ban)權(quan)(quan)異(yi)議(yi)的(de)，請聯(lian)系管理(li)員(yuan)，我們會立即(ji)處(chu)理(li)，本站部分文字(zi)與圖片資源來(lai)自于(yu)網絡，轉載是出(chu)于(yu)傳遞更(geng)多信(xin)息之目的(de),若有來(lai)源標注錯誤或(huo)侵(qin)犯了您的(de)合法權(quan)(quan)益，請立即(ji)通知(zhi)我們(管理(li)員(yuan)郵箱：)，情況屬實，我們會第一時(shi)間予(yu)以(yi)刪除，并同時(shi)向您表(biao)示歉意(yi),謝(xie)謝(xie)!
